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56th CIRP International Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2023

作者： Dickel, Kilian Juraschek, Max Herrmann, Christoph Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19b Braunschweig38106 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Bienroder Weg 54E Braunschweig38108 Germany

Recent developments show that not only material supply chains but also energy supply systems can be hit by strong disruptive forces. This brings new challenges and highlights the importance of a resilient energy supply to the manufacturing industry. These challenges can be solved by implementation of technical solutions and a change of energy supply system designs. However, manifold options available to a company require a methodological approach to rapidly identify the potentially most suitable variants under individual circumstances for a specific factory. This paper introduces a simplified methodology for the first planning steps in the transition towards a resilient energy supply system of production sites. For this purpose, relevant resilience factors are identified and selected for energy supply systems of a factory. With a structured procedure, different technical system combinations are created and evaluated in respect to implementation effort and their potential impact on the resilience factors. Simultaneously, different disruptive scenarios are ranked based on likelihood and expected severity. The impact of these combinations on the energy load profile of the factory is evaluated and the results are presented based on the suitability of each energy supply system alternative in respect to the different disruptive scenarios. This provides information on the potentially most favorable options to the relevant stakeholders for further implementation. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed methodology, a case study on a battery cell factory is presented. The production of batteries is a fast-growing industry with a high relevance for the transition towards a sustainable economy while the battery production itself requires high amounts of electricity and heat at different temperature levels. Alternative supply scenarios besides the unidirectional consumption of fossil fuels are needed in in terms of sustainability and to increase resilience. © 2023 The

关键词： Flexible Energy Supply Renewable Energy Resilience Resilient Factory Systems

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Characterization of Continuous Innovation for Technical Products in the Usage Phase

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 119卷 987-992页

作者： M. Riesener M. Kuhn S. Perau P. Guenther G. Schuh Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

Globalization, digitalization, and climate change have created a highly complex, dynamic, and competitive market environment. In addition, heterogeneous and short-term changing customer needs even within the product life cycle require a change of the innovation approach. To address these challenges, continuous innovation has become increasingly important. It supports to overcome the shortening of product life cycles, minimizes the need for effort-intensive development for new products and thus contributes to sustainability. Although the importance of continuous innovation for technical products in the usage phase has already been recognized, there is no comprehensive and sufficient understanding of this approach. Existing definitions fail to provide a detailed and holistic description of the innovation characteristics and features. Consequently, manufacturing companies face difficulties in the operational implementation of continuous innovation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a unified and systematic characterization of continuous innovation for technical products in the usage phase. The definition is based on the five dimensions of innovation content, innovation subject, innovation intensity, innovation process and innovation stakeholders as well as their respective characteristics. The resulting unified and systematic characterizing definition of continuous innovation supports manufacturing companies in the design of their specific approach of continuous innovation and its operative implementation.

关键词： Innovation Management Continuous Innovation Technical Products Innovation Dimensions

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PRECISION FINISHING OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED Ti-AI-COMPONENTS USING DIAMOND SLIDE BURNISHING

PRECISION FINISHING OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED Ti-AI-COMPONENT...

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2022 ASPE and euspen Summer Topical Meeting on Advancing Precision in Additive Manufacturing

作者： Polte, Julian Polte, Mitchel Lahoda, Christian Uhlmann, Eckart Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Technische Universitat Berlin Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universitat Berlin Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713859192

Due to the increasing importance of lightweight design in terms of resource management, titanium aluminium (Ti-AI) alloys are gaining more and more significance. To fully exploit light weight design potentials additive manufacturing (AM) has the ability to shift state of the art product design towards maximised resource efficiency and physically minimized weight. Next to material standardization and qualification processes, major limitations for mass scale industrialization of additive manufacturing are high surface roughness values in a range of 5 μm ≤ Ra ≤ 15 urn and remaining tensile residual stress states. A promising approach to overcome these challenges shows a process chain consisting of near-net-shape laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and subsequent finishing using a dedicate diamond slide burnishing (DSB) process [1]. Within this work plastic deformation induced by DSB and the effects on the workpiece material properties were investigated. Copyright© (2022) by American Society for Precision Engineering (ASPE) All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface roughness

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Vacuum gripper without central compressed air supply 8

Vacuum gripper without central compressed air supply

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8th CIRP Conference of Assembly technology and Systems, CATS 2020

作者： Schaffrath, Robert Jäger, Erik Winkler, Georg Doant, Jan Todtermuschke, Marcel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz09126 Germany

Compressed air operated industrial equipment has been always an important part of car body production. Advantages of compressed air powered tools are their robust construction, low-cost manufacturing as well as high performances especially forces at a minimum of construction size. Disadvantages are high operating costs, due to pressure losses in case of leakage, high installation costs and intricate cabling especially at highly flexible manufacturing systems. As a result, many automobile manufacturers aiming for a reduction of air powered production tools or even air free automobile manufacturing systems. Against this background a new concept of a vacuum grippers will be presented, which does not need central compressed air supply. Results of the development of suction cups will be shown, which are based on mechanical air displacement inspired by artificial muscles. Furthermore, a control of clusters of new suction cups with artificial intelligence is given. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressed air

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Graph Neural Network Encoder for Layout Planning and Scheduling in Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 120卷 63-68页

作者： Lea Kaven Amon Göppert Robert H. Schmitt Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

Facing the trade-off between the customer's needs and the shift towards sustainable production pressure challenges companies to make their production systems more flexible. Line-less mobile assembly systems (LMAS) implement the needed adaptivity through flexible job routes, multi-purpose resources, and flexible transportation systems. A completely reactive layout through (re-)arrangement of stations with mobile resources allows for reconfigurations without interrupting production. Deep reinforcement learning algorithms are needed to dynamically solve the integrated layout optimization and scheduling problem in LMAS. Within LMAS, stations can be added to the assembly system, or the number of jobs and technologies in the system can vary. Thus, reinforcement learning control agents must produce actions for problem instances of varying sizes. Therefore, an encoder is needed to enable the scheduling policy to handle the differently sized system state descriptions. This paper presents an encoder for LMAS using a Graph Neural Network (GNN). The developed algorithm is trained using a Discrete Event Simulation and validated based on several use cases. As a result, the developed encoder allows for system state representation over all use cases.

关键词： Production Control Production scheduling Graph Neural Network Layout optimization Flexible assembly

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Towards the forming of concentrated Windings with trapezoidal Cross Sections for Increasing the Slot Filling Factor

Towards the Forming of concentrated Windings with trapezoida...

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International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)

作者： Mirko Bach Maik Linnemann Markus Bergmann Verena Psyk Verena Kräusel Niclas Pohl Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665418102

The steadily growing use of industrial electric motors worldwide, combined with the need for improved efficiency, require advanced technologies that are beneficial with regard to resource efficiency and productivity. One possibility for saving raw materials is to reduce the size and weight of motors while maintaining the same performance. This can be achieved through an increase of the so-called slot filling factor, which has substantial influence on the torque generation in the electric machine. One way of increasing the slot filling factor is to shape the respective conductors in such a way that the cross sections correspond to their position. The focus of this paper lies on the description of interactions in the forming process of tooth coils with trapezoidal cross section geometry of the individual turns. In particular, the shaping of the coil heads of coils produced by sequential forming and subsequent bending is characterized via FEM forming simulation. Furthermore, the contribution presents a possibility for manufacturing coils of different geometries at high output rate by using flexible forming operations. Compared to manufacturing process chains suggested earlier, this approach allows considerable shortening and optimization of the process chain.

关键词： Coils Geometry Torque Shape Windings Wires Bending

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Concept for a Function-oriented Ecology Analysis in machinery and Plant Engineering

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 53-58页

作者： M. Riesener M. Kuhn C. Ruschitzka G. Schuh Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important, especially for the manufacturing industry due to its high resource consumption and CO 2 emissions. Transparency about the environmental impact of products along their entire life cycle is a necessity for creating a shift towards sustainability. However, the possibilities for influencing sustainability are not directly apparent using existing methods such as the life cycle assessment. Within those methods, the use phase is only insufficiently analysed and a differentiated consideration of lifetimes and recovery processes of individual product scopes is not possible. Thus, there is no overview of the possible levers for improving the environmental sustainability performance, especially when dealing with complex products in industries such as machinery and plant engineering. Therefore, this paper introduces a sustainability assessment for machines and plants by focusing on life cycles of individual product scopes in order to enable a realistic analysis of the environmental impact along the entire product life cycle. Based on an assignment of the measured ecological criteria to the product structure and functional structure, fields of action for the development of ecologically improved products can be identified.

关键词： Life Cycle Assessment Ecology Analysis Sustainable Product Functional structrure Product structure

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Multi-Target Regression and Cross-Validation for Non-isothermal Glass Molding Experiments with Small Sample Sizes

Multi-Target Regression and Cross-Validation for Non-isother...

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Optifab 2023

作者： Mende, Hendrik Kiroriwal, Saksham Pfrommer, Julius Schmitt, Robert H. Beyerer, Jürgen Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstr. 17 Aachen52074 Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Fraunhoferstr. 1 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 30 Aachen52074 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510668058

machine learning has become a core part of smart factories and Industry 4.0. In our work, we extend the use of machine learning for quality prediction of a thin glass product formed using a Non-isothermal Glass Moulding (NGM) process. As the form shape of a glass lens requires multiple variables to describe, Multi-Target Regression (MTR) is suitable for the same. Many MTR models are able to provide intuitive insights into the prediction target(s). We present a data pipeline that employs bootstrapping-inspired sampling for robust feature selection, modelling and validation for small dataset. The results demonstrate how MTR models can be used for prediction with dataset with high dimensional time series input and multiple targets. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Developments in Powder Mixed EDM and its perspective Application for targeted Surface Modification

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 113卷 100-119页

作者： Andreas Schubert Viet D. Bui Ingo Schaarschmidt Thomas Berger André Martin Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship of Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Although widely studied over the few decades, there are conflicting theories on the discharge mechanisms of powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). Additionally, the dielectric flow plays a vital role in the distribution of powder particles in the machining gap, which significantly affects the powder deposition to the modified surface. In this paper, the literature on PMEDM surface modification is thoroughly reported. The conflicting mechanisms and the effects of PMEDM main machining conditions, such as powder and electrical parameters on improving mechanical and antibacterial properties as well as biocompatibility of the surface, have been discussed. To verify the separation mechanism of the discharge in PMEDM, single discharge investigations have been performed when silver nano-powder is mixed into the hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid to modify Ti6Al4V surfaces. Surface topography, chemical composition as well as the deposited silver content and distribution over the crater surface when using positive and negative polarities are analyzed and discussed. Current waveforms of PMEDM and EDM without powder at varying discharge energies as well as with and without ultrasonic vibration assistance are recorded and analyzed. For the transfer of fundamental results to a perspective application, CFD simulation is used to calculate the flow field of the dielectric fluid and analyze the velocity and distribution of the nano-powder within the working gap of a setup with internal flushing. The results show that PMEDM is a potential technology for machining medical devices with simultaneous antibacterial surface modification.

关键词： Powder mixed EDM Surface modification Single discharge CFD simulation Antibacterial

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Data quality in environmental assessment methods – Implications for the operational management in manufacturing

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 807-812页

作者： Juliane Elsner Hanna Brings Felix Sohnius Robert H. Schmitt Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstraße 17 52074 Aachen Germany

To implement environmentally sustainable, resource-efficient manufacturing, the quantification of the environmental impacts is a central task. This task requires suitable methods. Various lifecycle phases, including remanufacturing concepts, and the associated increasing complexity demand a change from static to dynamic assessment methods. Flexible changes must be considered. Thereby, data quality has a major impact on the subsequent assessment results. Though the available data amount in a manufacturing environment is constantly increasing, the influence of data quality on the respective method – and thus, the reliability of the results – remains a key issue. To address this problem, this paper investigates the necessary developments regarding data quality for environmental assessment methods in dynamically changing manufacturing settings. First, relevant data quality dimensions are identified. Subsequently, a cross-comparison of data quality dimensions and different approaches of environmental evaluation in manufacturing is developed. The necessary changes to data quality requirements in operational environmental assessments are derived. Finally, a concept for the improvement of data quality in dynamic assessments is proposed and discussed based on the use case of battery modules’ remanufacturing. This paper contributes to the development of environmental assessment methods that are evolving from static, historical data-based evaluations to dynamic assessment tools of flexible productions.

关键词： data quality data infrastructure dynamic environment assessment sustainability insights manufacturing industry

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