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15th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2021

作者： Uhlmann, E. Streckenbach, J. Polte, M. Osmanovic, M. Schick, F. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Germany

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a complex manufacturing process where the correlation of the individual process parameters is not fully known. When introducing new materials or complex, individual geometries in EDM, a satisfactory vector of parameters for the process must be found. This challenge is often encountered in the aerospace industry as well as in mold and tool making. One previously successful method to tackle this challenge is the stochastic optimization procedure Evolutionary Strategy (ES). Utilizing an appropriately chosen objective function, the search for a suitable vector of input parameters may be formulated as a mathematical minimization problem over the parameter space. The ES with a covariance matrix adaption (CMA) was utilized to sample from this parameter space in a stochastic manner. Examining the impact of the CMA within an ES is a promising way to gain better insight into the performance of ES. For this purpose, a vector of input parameters was optimized for a drilling EDM process with a comma and a nested comma ES with CMA. It was found that the comma ES led to a reduction in erosion duration tero of 38 % compared to the initially chosen parameters and the nested comma ES led to a reduction in erosion duration tero of 27 % compared to the same initial parameters. The additional information stored in the covariance matrix enables the ES to find a local optimum of the parameter vector faster and more consistently. This fact is verified by use of visualizations of the covariance matrix on a two-dimensional subspace. From these findings it can be concluded, that for the application of the ES to the optimization of EDM processes the CMA should be performed continuously over all generations as opposed to resetting this matrix after a number of generations. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Optimization

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Impact of Cyber-physically enhanced manufacturing on the product requirement documentation in high-tech applications 18

Impact of Cyber-physically enhanced manufacturing on the pro...

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18th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations, CMMO 2021

作者： Hänel, Albrecht Seidel, André Mehling, Carl Willy Dementyev, Alexander Kozak, Karol Seidel, Rudi Teicher, Uwe Hellmich, Arvid Drossel, Welf-Guntram Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Center for Evidence-based Healthcare Dresden01307 Germany Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz09126 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

Conventional machining of high-tech parts and components is often associated with complex processes, long lead times and small to medium batch sizes. Obviously, there is great interest to shorten process development periods and increase process reliability. The transformation of conventional machines into cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) promises significant improvements here. In fact, CPPS allows real-time data acquisition and processing, enabling to target integrated process improvement and quality assurance. In the present work, a methodical procedure for structured data aggregation is introduced for a Cyber-physical enhanced machining process while being explained from a high-tech application point of view. This includes data generation, extraction, transfer and storage, data-consolidation, linkage, visualization and interpretation. Finally, the paper illustrates these aspects in terms of the effects on the "digital product requirements" in order to achieve the presented "analytics-ready" data model using the example of a high-tech application. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Validation of different tungsten carbide-cobalt grades as tool electrode material for sinking EDM 15

Validation of different tungsten carbide-cobalt grades as to...

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15th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2021

作者： Uhlmann, Eckart Bolz, Robert Polte, Mitchel Börnstein, Julian Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany

In sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM), tool electrode wear is crucial for an economical production. The tool electrode wear affects the process efficiency and determines the number of required tool electrodes for a specific machining process. Therefore, the relative tool wear, describing the relation of removed material volume between tool and workpiece electrode, needs to be minimised. The tool wear characteristics in sinking EDM depend strongly on EDM processing parameters and the applied electrode materials. Especially in micro-EDM, a significant increase of relative tool wear is representative. Because of its thermophysical properties tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) is a suitable material for the application as sinking EDM tool electrode. The economical production of WC-Co form electrodes for EDM sinking is enabled by recent advancements in precision milling of hard materials. Due to non-existent research on which composition of WC-Co is most advantageous for the application as sinking EDM tool electrode material, previous investigations have been intensified to describe correlations between material properties, EDM processing parameters and EDM processing results concerning material removal rate and relative tool wear. Therefore, various WC-Co grades with differing grain size and cobalt content were analysed in sinking EDM experimental studies. It was observed that the factor grain size showed an ambiguous effect concerning the process results. An increasing cobalt content led to a reduction of relative tool wear, which can be explained by the microstructure of the cobalt binder phase with its higher electrical conductivity. The WC-Co grades with beneficial EDM processing results have been further investigated in EDM parameter studies with differing tool electrode geometries. The experimental results concerning relative tool wear, with a minimum of 3 % for macro- and 5 % for micro-sized geometries, proved the suitability of specific WC-Co compositions

关键词： Electrodes

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Temporal analysis of event-discrete alarm data for improved manufacturing 53

Temporal analysis of event-discrete alarm data for improved ...

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53rd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CMS 2020

作者： Reinhardt, Heiner Bergmann, Jan-Peter Stoll, Anke Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Efficient response to machine failures is crucial for improving machine availability. In practice, the number of alarms occurring during the operation of manufacturing systems could overwhelm even experienced machine operators. Manufacturing execution systems (MES) therefore often allow for alarm data acquisition as well as its filtering and aggregation to reduce the occurring information overload. However, manual configuration of these systems may be cumbersome and time-consuming. Hence, we propose an event-discrete method for temporal alarm data analysis to support the configuration process. © 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Knowledge management

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A production scheduling and control system for CAR T cell manufacturing

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 36-41页

作者： Tamás Kis Simon Hort Péter Györgyi Evelin Szögi Robert H. Schmitt HUN-REN Institute for Computer Science and Control Kende str 13-17 Budapest 1111 Hungary Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

This paper addresses some of the new challenges posed by scheduling and controlling the production of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for personalized therapies. In this therapy, the patient’s T cells are genetically modified by adding a gene for a receptor to help T cells attach to the cancer cell antigens. Then, the modified cells are grown and multiplied (called cell expansion) and finally returned to the patient. The production takes place in a manufacturing system that comprises several devices, which are capable of processing cells from multiple patients at the same time. The efficient operation of such a complex system requires a sophisticated control system accompanied by a scheduler to optimize the production of CAR T cells for several patients simultaneously. We propose a scheduling algorithm, which can handle the uncertain duration of cell expansion, and the maximum time lags between consecutive processes simultaneously, a combination hardly studied in the literature. We also describe the main features of an adaptive control system including service-oriented device connections as well as centralized control and monitoring. Finally, we describe how the overall system works, including a JSON based communication between scheduler and control system.

关键词： Scheduling Production control CAR T cell manufacturing

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Objective validation for short-term material flow simulation

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 526-531页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Boran Bogdanow Roman Arnold Bastian Prell Philipp Klimant Frank Seifert Mahtab Mahdaviasl Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH Kauffahrtei 47 09120 Chemnitz Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a 01062 Dresden Germany

Material flow simulation, by means of discrete event simulation (DES), is utilized in various industries to support production planning and control. This is due to the fact that changes to manufacturing systems and production strategies can be virtually examined before actual implementation. Since the manual development and repeated adjustment of simulation models is time-consuming and error-prone, numerous studies suggest computerized model generation and synchronization. However, validation of such generated or synchronized models is rarely considered. Here, we present an extendible objective validation technique for the repeated short-term simulation of a generated model. To illustrate this, the technique is applied to a high-volume automotive production line and a series of simulation cycles.

关键词： Digital Twin Simulation Quality Optimization Manufacturing system Control Analysis

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A survey on modeling and forecasting the energy consumption in discrete manufacturing 27

A survey on modeling and forecasting the energy consumption ...

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27th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering Conference, LCE 2020

作者： Reinhardt, Heiner Bergmann, Jan-Peter Münnich, Marc Rein, David Putz, Matthias Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

The manufacturing industry faces environmental challenges due to its high electrical energy demand. Measures for improving the energy efficiency of manufacturing processes are applied to reduce the total energy consumption while eco-friendly renewable energy sources are harnessed increasingly. However, the volatile nature of renewables drives a change in energy allocation and the electrical grid. Both energy efficiency and energy allocation may benefit from accurate energy consumption modeling and forecasting. In this paper we constitute the state of the art of existing modeling techniques in the domain of discrete manufacturing and derive future research activities. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics opens the door to Components for Biomanufacturing Applications with high Functionality

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 284-289页

作者： Uwe Scheithauer Stefan Holtzhausen Hajo Wiemer Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Group Additive and Hybrid Manufacturing Winterbergstr. 28 01277 Dresden Germany TUD Dresden University of Technology Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design Chair of Virtual Product Development Group Advanced Geometric Modeling And Analysis 01062 Dresden Germany TUD Dresden University of Technology Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Chair of Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls Department of Machine Data Processing 01062 Dresden Germany

Significant advancements in production technology, materials, component design, and data science foster innovation across industries, including biomanufacturing. Ceramic materials, adapted additive manufacturing processes, and novel construction methods hold immense innovation potential due to ceramics’ exceptional thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing enables the creation of intricate ceramic components with unprecedented functionality. Hybridizing manufacturing technologies and materials facilitates direct integration of additional features like sensors and actuators. Despite their potential, ceramic materials remain underutilized. This article aims to spark a discourse on leveraging high-performance ceramic components in biomanufacturing, leveraging superior material properties, innovative design methods, additive manufacturing, process data analysis, and AI.

关键词： ceramics: additive manufacturing component design data science biomanufacturing

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Bin Picking Pneumatic-Mechanical Gripper for Industrial Manipulators

Bin Picking Pneumatic-Mechanical Gripper for Industrial Mani...

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2021 International Conference on High technology for Sustainable Development, HiTech 2021

作者： Ivanov, Vladislav Aleksandrov, Angel Bdiwi, Mohamad Popov, Aleksander Rashid, Aquib Pershina, Zhanna Kolker, Aleksey Dimitrov, Lubomir Technical University of Sofia Dept. for Machine Elements and Non-Metallic Constructions Sofia Bulgaria Line 3: Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Robot System Department Chemnitz Germany Novosibirsk State Technical Universirty Falulty of Automation Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448734

The human body is an advanced and complex machine. A simple task like grasping an object, which is done intuitively, has puzzled researchers for decades. For each object, humans have a suitable grip to grab it optimally and safely. Even for objects which we have never seen before, we can choose the best possible grip and can adapt as the environment changes to get a better grip based on cognition and experience. One of the main capabilities of humans is their ability to learn about unfamiliar things and processes. This capability helps us adapt to different situations and still be able to solve a problem. This works focuses on developing a self-learning robotic system which can replicate the human learning capabilities in a handing-over task. The proposed system consists of two submodules: 1) Vision analysis and environment monitoring, which provides accurate global and local information about the area in which the robot has to hand over the specific object;2) Safe and flexible bin-picking gripper, which handles various objects with complex geometries. The work is a consortium of 3 partners: IWU Chemnitz (Germany), Novosibirsk State Technical University (Russia) and Technical University of Sofia (Bulgaria) under European program *** RUS PLUS 2017 © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Industrial manipulators

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A novel approach for increasing the traceability of 3D printed medical products

A novel approach for increasing the traceability of 3D print...

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作者： Matvieieva, Nataliia Neupetsch, Constanze Oettel, Markus Makdani, Varun Drossel, Welf- Guntram Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Iwu Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden Germany

According to the European Medical Device Directive (MDR (EU) 2017/745), medical products of all risk classes are obliged to be labelled with Unique Device Identification Codes (UDI). In order to meet the requirements of the MDR, a novel method of identification for additively manufactured metallic products was developed at the fraunhofer institute for machine tools and forming technology (IWU). The method provides a product traceability within its production process and during the whole product lifespan, and also functions as a counterfeit protection. This paper shows the integration of a unique identification during an additive manufacturing process for a titanium part. The readout of the integrated identification was executed using ultrasonic and eddy current methods, as well as micro computed tomography. Obtained results are discussed in the paper. © 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston 2020.

关键词： Laser beams

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