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13th International Conference on the technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2021

作者： Huberth, Frank Ragupathi, Balaji Scheffler, Christian Psyk, Verena Preußner, Johannes Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Woehlerstrasse 11 Freiburg79108 Germany Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering EFM University of Freiburg Faculty of Engineering Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 Solar Info Center 4 Freiburg79110 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030753801

Magnetic pulse technology is used for high-speed forming as well as for joining. Joining by magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is the combination of high-speed forming, impact, and a resulting weld in the collision zone of the accelerated flyer and the impacted target. This MPW process allows the welding of dissimilar metals, like aluminum and steel for lightweight construction or aluminum and copper for E-mobility applications. Investigations showed up scattering in binding strength and failure for comparable welds. The effects leading to the bond formation and the reasons for the quality variation are not fully understood until now. For further understanding, a combined experimental investigation of integral and local mechanical weld properties supported by simulations and microstructure analysis was performed considering dissimilar metal joints of aluminum EN AW1050 H14/24 and copper Cu DHP R240 for different configurations and impact energies. Lap shear tests served for quantifying integral mechanical properties, while local mechanical properties were determined by microtensile tests on samples prepared in the thickness direction of the welded metal sheets and microstructural analysis. These local microscopic testing and analysis results provide information about the weld strength distribution. These investigations give new hints on the bond-forming mechanisms and local process depending on material effects. © 2021, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Welds

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Characterization and investigation of binderless nanopolycrystalline diamond turning tools for precision machining 22

Characterization and investigation of binderless nanopolycry...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Uhlmann, E. Sturm, H. Polte, M. Hocke, T. Polte, C. Polte, J. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

Cemented carbide is used in a wide range of industrial applications as a wear-resistant material, e.g. in mould making and forming industry. At state of the art, the machining of cemented carbide is severely limited because of the hardness, high strength and the resulting wear resistance of the material. Due to the brittle-hard character cemented carbide materials suffer from surface cracks during the machining. The brittle-hard character and the related phenomena result in high tool wear. A promising approach for the machining of cemented carbide is the use of the novel cutting material binderless nanopolycrystalline diamond (NPD) with a dedicated cutting edge design. Within this work, laser machined tools with a corner radius of r?= 400 µm are fully characterized, investigated by Raman spectroscopy regarding the condition of the diamond and applied for first cutting experiments. Cutting investigations were carried out using specimens with a tungsten carbide content of cC = 88 %, a cobalt content of cCo= 12 % and a grain size of dg= 0.5 µm. Prior to these investigations, the condition of the diamonds and possible changes due to the lasered cutting edges were examined by Raman spectroscopy. During the cutting investigations, the brittle-ductile transition as well as the minimum chip thickness were identified by scratching tests. It could be shown that a hydrostatic stress state can be used to achieve ductile chip formation using cemented carbide as workpiece material. © European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tungsten carbide

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Analysis of the Effect of cutting Fluids on the Impact Resistance of Polycarbonate Sheets by Means of a Hypothesis Test 32nd

Analysis of the Effect of cutting Fluids on the Impact Resis...

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32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2022

作者： Uhlmann, Eckart Polte, Mitchel Bergström, Nils Mödden, Heinrich Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8 - 9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8 - 9 Berlin10587 Germany Lyoner Straße 18 Frankfurt am Main60528 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811851834

Vision panels in machine tools protect the operator from ejected fragments in case of an accident. Due to its excellent impact resistance, polycarbonate is used as material for such vision panels. However, when exposed to cutting fluids the impact resistance of polycarbonate vision panels decreases significantly. A previous study examined the effect of two different cutting fluids on polycarbonate sheets by impact tests. Both cutting fluids employed were highly alkaline but differed in composition, with one cutting fluid containing phenoxyethanol as solvent and the other dicyclohexylamin as amine. Due to the exposure to cutting fluids, a maximum decrease of 10 % in impact resistance was observed. However, the results were subject to considerable scatter, such that the decrease in impact resistance could be the result of statistical scatter instead of the exposure to cutting fluids. Owing the limited number of test samples in impact tests, a pronounced scatter is a typical phenomenon observed when studying the impact resistance of polycarbonate sheets. The effects of material alterations on the impact resistance of polycarbonate arising from contact with cutting fluids are initially difficult to distinguish from scattering due to the inertia of chemical degradation processes. However, a statistical evaluation permits to draw meaningful conclusions even in the case of pronounced scattering. Despite the advantages offered by a statistical evaluation, impact test results are rarely analyzed by statistical means, leaving the influence of the different cutting fluids and its constituents to remain uncertain. Therefore, the present study examines the influence of cutting fluids containing phenoxyethanol and dicyclohexylamin on polycarbonate sheets subjected to impact tests by means of a hypothesis test. By comparing the results of impact tests of polycarbonate sheets with and without prior exposure to cutting fluids the influence of cutting fluids on the impact resistance

关键词： Cutting fluids

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Methodological Framework for Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Coatings in Hot Stamping

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 349-353页

作者： Pavan Krishna Jois Steffen Blömeke Christoph Herrmann Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) Technische Universität Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany Open Hybrid LabFactory e.V. Herrmann-Münch-Straße 2 38440 Wolfsburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST) Riedenkamp 2 38106 Braunschweig Germany

The automotive industry is making greater use of high-strength steel in vehicle chassis to enhance strength and reduce weight, with hot stamping becoming a more common approach compared to traditional cold stamping. Although hot stamping provides mechanical advantages, it requires more energy, leading to increased costs and environmental impacts relative to cold stamping. Steel coatings that enhance mechanical performance also contribute to the environmental impact during the production stage. To address these challenges a comprehensive life cycle perspective is needed. This allows sustainability gains in one stage of the life cycle do not lead to negative impacts elsewhere—an occurrence known as problem shifting. Current assessments often fall short by not incorporating long-term market trends and energy scenarios, limiting their relevance for future-focused decision-making along the product life cycle. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a methodological framework that employs a model-based life cycle engineering approach to evaluate the environmental impacts of advanced coatings in hot stamping, with a particular focus on Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) as an innovative solution. By integrating future market models and projected electricity mix scenarios, this framework evaluates emissions for a representative vehicle component produced in Europe as a case study. The findings indicate that while techniques such as PVD can reduce emissions per component in the short term, overall emissions are likely to increase over time, driven by anticipated market expansion and demand growth. This highlights the framework’s utility as a practical tool and decision support system for researchers and industry professionals aiming to implement sustainable manufacturing practices that support long-term environmental goals.

关键词： Model based Life Cycle Engineering Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) Automotive structures

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Identification of target materials for recycling of solid-state batteries from environmental and economic perspective using information theory entropy

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 185-190页

作者： Nelli Kononova Steffen Blömeke Felipe Cerdas Sabrina Zellmer Christoph Herrmann Chair of Sustainable Manufacturing and Life Cycle Engineering Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany Battery LabFactory Braunschweig (BLB) Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Center for Energy Storage and Systems ZESS Braunschweig Germany

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are a promising emerging battery technology for electromobility application. Along with new technical opportunities (higher energy density, lower safety risks), they introduce new cell chemistry configurations and novel materials in use. This leads to increased complexity of material composition and may reduce the recyclability of SSBs. To ensure circularity of SSB materials, it is important to consider their recyclability at the early stage of SSB development. This paper proposes an approach for identification of target materials for recycling within three types of SSBs with polymer, oxide and sulfide electrolytes. To consider environmental and economic perspectives, interdependencies of material dilution, their cost and environmental material footprint are analyzed using Sherwood and global warming potential (GWP)-plots. Furthermore, a socio-geopolitical aspect of supply risk is considered as a relevant criterion for targeting materials. Li is identified as the main target material for all considered SSBs and Co as a further one for oxide- and sulfide-based cells. Furthermore, an upscaling scenario to a battery pack considered changes in concentration of target materials and revealed direct recycling of composite cathode LLZO and LCO to be very beneficial. Results of this approach can be used by SSB developers and recyclers in order to strive for holistic design enabling recycling of identified target materials.

关键词： SSB battery recycling Sherwood plot environmental assessment economic assessment LCA critical material supply risk

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New metals remanufacturing business models in automotive industry

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 112卷 436-441页

作者： Giacomo Copani Parnia Shafinejad Thomas Hipke Rico Haase Tibor Paizs National Research Council of Italy – Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing (CNR-STIIMA) Via A. Corti 12 20133 Milano Italy Fraunhofer-Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technologies Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Metals represent about the 60-70% of vehicles weight. At the End of Life, after the disassembly of dangerous and some re-usable and recyclable parts, metals are scrapped and melted, with significant energy consumption. Innovative cold-reforming and joining technologies, coupled with systems to retrieve material information, can allow a second life before melting through remanufacturing. This would open the way to new circular business models in automotive providing added-value to customers as well as new market opportunities for OEMs. This paper investigates the potential of these approaches, as the results of the European H2020 “CarE-Service” project.

关键词： End of Life Vehicles Metal Remanufacturing Circular Economy Circular Business Models Economic Evaluation

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Factory of the Year Prize - A Benchmarking 18

Factory of the Year Prize - A Benchmarking

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18th IMEKO TC10 Conference on Measurement for Diagnostic, Optimisation and Control to Support Sustainability and Resilience 2022

作者： Gallina, Viola Viharos, Zsolt János Nick, Gabor Frye, Maik Kluth, Andreas Szaller, Adam Schmitt, Robert H. Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH Theresianumgasse 7 Vienna Austria Budapest Hungary EPIC InnoLabs NonProfit Kft. Budapest Hungary Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Germany John von Neumann University Kecskemét Hungary Laboratory for Machine Tools WZL RWTH Aachen University Cluster Production Engineering 3A 540 Aachen52074 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713870241

The first factory of the year prize was granted more than 60 years ago in the USA. Since then, a considerable number of countries joined this way and several best factory assessment methods and awards have been developed on national, regional, and international levels. These competitions give the possibility for benchmarking the companies. However, in the era of industry 4.0 maturity models have emerged for evaluating individual enterprises' readiness. These models support the companies in the individual strategy development. But the companies are always interested in their results and achievements compared to their competitors. But setting up a benchmark for a part of an industrial sector might be challenging. Therefore, combining the factory of the year evaluation concept with the maturity assessment might be advantageous. In the paper both of the approaches are analysed and it is discussed how they might be linked in a meaningful way. © IMEKO TC10 Conference on Measurement for Diagnostic, Optimisation and Control to Support Sustainability and Resilience *** rights reserved

关键词： Benchmarking

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machine learning for material characterization with an application for predicting mechanical properties

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GAMM Mitteilungen 2021年第1期44卷 e202100003-e202100003页

作者： Stoll, Anke Benner, Peter Data-Mining and Machine Learning Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Computational Methods in Systems and Control Theory The Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany

Currently, the growth of material data from experiments and simulations is expanding beyond processable amounts. This makes the development of new data-driven methods for the discovery of patterns among multiple lengthscales and time-scales and structure-property relationships essential. These data-driven approaches show enormous promise within materials science. The following review covers machine learning (ML) applications for metallic material characterization. Many parameters associated with the processing and the structure of materials affect the properties and the performance of manufactured components. Thus, this study is an attempt to investigate the usefulness of ML methods for material property prediction. Material characteristics such as strength, toughness, hardness, brittleness, or ductility are relevant to categorize a material or component according to their quality. In industry, material tests like tensile tests, compression tests, or creep tests are often time consuming and expensive to perform. Therefore, the application of ML approaches is considered helpful for an easier generation of material property information. This study also gives an application of ML methods on small punch test (SPT) data for the determination of the property ultimate tensile strength for various materials. A strong correlation between SPT data and tensile test data was found which ultimately allows to replace more costly tests by simple and fast tests in combination with ML. © 2021 The Authors. GAMM - Mitteilungen published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： machine learning

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Synergy Analysis and verification of connected Cyber Physical Systems using virtual commissioning

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 639-644页

作者： Christoph Allmacher Anna Seiderer Philipp Klimant Michael Kuhl Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Mittweida University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

The design of cyber physical systems in today’s production and intralogistics is influenced by the increasing availability and exchange of data. On the one hand, synergies between connected systems can be used to develop lightweight applications by sharing and reusing data. On the other hand, the possible combinations between these systems increase the complexity and design options. This paper presents a method to structure possible design options systematically and proposes virtual commissioning as solution for their analysis and verification to enable early design decisions. The method is demonstrated using an automated guided vehicle combined with a tactile warning device.

关键词： Virtual commissioning Automated guided vehicle Tactile warning device

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Dynamics of a driven harmonic oscillator coupled to pairwise interacting Ising spins in random fields

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Physical Review E 2021年第5期104卷 054212-054212页

作者： Paul Zech Andreas Otto Günter Radons Institute of Physics Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronics Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

In general we are interested in dynamical systems coupled to complex hysteresis. Therefore as a first step we investigated recently the dynamics of a periodically driven damped harmonic oscillator coupled to independent Ising spins in a random field. Although such a system does not produce hysteresis, we showed how to characterize the dynamics of such a piecewise-smooth system, especially in the case of a large number of spins [Zech, Otto, and Radons, Phys. Rev. E 101, 042217 (2020)]. In this paper we extend our model to spin dimers, thus pairwise interacting spins. We show in which cases two interacting spins can show elementary hysteresis, and we give a connection to the Preisach model, which allows us to consider an infinite number of spin pairs. This thermodynamic limit leads us to a dynamical system with an additional hysteretic force in the form of a generalized play operator. By using methods from general chaos theory, piecewise-smooth system theory, and statistics we investigate the chaotic behavior of the dynamical system for a few spins and also in the case of a larger number of spins by calculating bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, fractal dimensions, and self-averaging properties. We find that the fractal dimensions and the magnetization are in general not self-averaging quantities. We show how the dynamical properties of the piecewise-smooth system for a large number of spins differs from the system in its thermodynamic limit.

关键词： Bifurcations Chaos Spin dynamics Chaotic systems Ising model Phase space methods

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