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11th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams, MetFoam 2019

作者： Vogel, René Drebenstedt, Claudia Szyniszewski, Stefan Bittner, Florian Fras, Teresa Blanc, Ludovic Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany University of Surrey Guildford United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI Hannover Germany Saint-Louis France

ISBN: (纸本)9783030427979

Protective performance and a low weight of armour plates are the most important objective in security applications. Metallic foams can provide a high level of protection without an extensive mass and were used as a part of various laminated armour systems in the past. Embedding small ceramic parts in metallic foam combines the hardness of ceramics with the flexibility of the lightweight cellular matrix. The material has an extreme cutting resistance against mechanical tools such as angle grinder, drill bits, or other cutting devices. In several testing campaigns, aluminium foams were combined with different internal layouts of stacked or integrated ceramics. The cellular core was foamed directly to steel cover sheets or was bonded to different steel alloy faceplates. In additional tests, blast wave propagation of the metallic foam ceramic composite (MFCC) panels was evaluated. Furthermore, several ballistic tests were performed and compared to state-of-the-art armour materials. It was possible to achieve better performance in this comparison to standard armoured steel at a lower overall weight. © 2020, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Metals

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Advancing functional integration through multi-material additive manufacturing: Simulation and experimental validation of a burner nozzle

Advancing functional integration through multi-material addi...

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作者： Ringel, Bjoern Zaepfel, Martin Herlan, Florian Horn, Max Schmitt, Matthias Seidel, Christian Fraunhofer Institute for Casting Composite and Processing Technology IGCV Am Technologiezentrum 10 Augsburg86159 Germany Technical University of Munich Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management Boltzmannstrasse 15 Garching85748 Germany Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich80335 Germany

A combination of simulation and experimental testing is introduced that opens the ability to evaluate the fluid-driven heat exchange of multi-material components. Multi-material laser powder bed fusion is used for processing a nickel-base (Ni) and a copper-base (Cu) alloy in one process fabricating a burner tip component. The multi-material component is compared to its mono-material counterpart made entirely from the Ni-base alloy. A computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to calculate the maximum component temperature differences between both components as-built and heat-treated leading to a theoretical thermal improvement of 36% in the burner tip. Differences between the experimentally achieved thermal improvement of 32% and the theoretical benchmark are discussed by metallographic part analysis. Using the example burner tip component, multi-material process-specific challenges and component design approaches are presented for future applications. © 2022

关键词： Copper alloys

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Reproducibility of modal parameters using different excitation types 26

Reproducibility of modal parameters using different excitati...

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26th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2019

作者： Hensel, Eric Knöfel, Björn Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781999181000

Experimental acquisition techniques of modal parameters are well-known topics in the dynamic characterization process of steel structures. The objective is to determine the structure's natural vibration properties, which are eigenfrequencies, corresponding mode shapes and damping. Mostly, the experimentally obtained modal parameters are used to verify numerical models, which can be utilized e.g. for overall system vibration simulations. The modal parameters usually were taken from single measurements and thus, few information about the parameter variances are available. In experimental modal analysis, the choice of the boundary condition (e.g. free or grounded support) as well as the corresponding excitation type (e.g. impulse hammer or shaker) may impact the variance of the obtained modal data. The present article focuses on the differences in reproducibility of modal parameters using an impact hammer and a modal shaker, where measurements are carried out under free/free boundary conditions. The test object is a gear wheel, which first eigenfrequency occurs in a frequency range around 4.6 kHz. During the experimental modal analysis, the frequency response functions are obtained up to 20 kHz. Due to the high frequency range, a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer is used to measure the vibrations velocities in all configurations. In a first test setup, statistical variations of a single gear wheel's modal parameters are analyzed and special attention will be payed on the reproducibility of the excitation force using an automated impulse hammer. In a second step, repeated measurements of modal parameters of one gear wheel are presented followed by a comparison of measurements on three identical gear wheels of one lot. Finally, repeating measurements are carried out using a modal shaker for system excitation and the corresponding modal parameters are compared to the results obtained using an impact hammer © Proceedings of the 26th International Congress on Sound and V

关键词： Modal analysis

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VariPath: A Database for Modelling the Variance of Human Pathways in Manual and HRC Processes with Heavy-Duty Robots

VariPath: A Database for Modelling the Variance of Human Pat...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Mohamad Bdiwi Ann-Kathrin Harsch Paul Reindel Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz

ISBN: (数字)9781728173955

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173962

Unlike robots, humans do not have constant movements. Their pathways are individually changeable and influenced by circumstances. This paper presents a method to investigate human pathway variations in a real study. In systematically selected tasks, human pathways are examined for 100 participants in manual and human-robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios. As a result, the variations of pathways are presented depending on various features: e.g. in nearly all cases the variance of women's walking pathways is smaller than that of men. VariPath database can be used in any planning process of manual or HRC scenarios to ensure safety and efficiency.

关键词： Legged locomotion Service robots Task analysis Planning Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements

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New VDI guideline 2248 - An overview

New VDI guideline 2248 - An overview

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International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies 2019, SMST 2019

作者： Böhm, Andrea Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden Germany

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Digital innovation hubs for robotics - TRINITY approach for distributing knowledge via modular use case demonstrations 8

Digital innovation hubs for robotics - TRINITY approach for ...

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8th CIRP Conference of Assembly technology and Systems, CATS 2020

作者： Lanz, Minna Reimann, Jan Ude, Aleš Kousi, Niki Pieters, Roel Dianatfar, Morteza Makris, Sotiris Tampere University Tampere Finland Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia University of Patras Patras Greece

Robots are no longer stand-alone systems on the factory floor. The demand for industrial robots (market) is anticipated to be growing to 65 billion euros by the year 2023. Within all areas of robotics, the demand for collaborative and more flexible systems is rising as well. The level of desired collaboration and increased flexibility will only be reached if the systems are developed as a whole, e.g. perception, reasoning and physical manipulation. The rising need for collaborative robots in the automation industry is acting as a driver for this market and is expected to serve as a market opportunity for future growth. However, at the same time especially smaller companies have difficulties to formulate a concrete vision and strategies for the uptake of robotics, finding skilled workforce to develop and deploy the robot systems and/or work in the manufacturing industry. A number of Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) have been developed to enhance the knowledge and technology transfer from laboratories to factory floors, mitigating the skills gap and supporting the formulation of innovation ecosystems with the specific focus on small and medium-sized companies around Europe. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the concept and approach taken in H2020 TRINITY-project that aims to develop a Robotics Innovation Hub focused on Agile Production. The paper will introduce the concept and technical approach of the project, and discusses the preliminary results, challenges and opportunities of these kind of DIHs. © 2020 The Author(s).

关键词： Industrial robots

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The Application of 5G Networks on Construction Sites and in Underground Mines: Successful Outcomes from Field Trials

The Application of 5G Networks on Construction Sites and in ...

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Annual Conference on Wireless On Demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)

作者： Johannes Josef Emontsbotz Hyung Joo Lee Sarah Schmitt Maximilian Brochhaus Ajith Krishnan Johannes Lukas Sieger Victoria Jung Sigrid Brell-Cokcan Niels König Robert H. Schmitt Instiute of Mineral Resources Engineering (MRE) RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Chair of Individualised Production (IP) RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Production Metrology Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT) Aachen Germany Production Quality Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT) Aachen Germany Construction Robotics GmbH Aachen Germany Production Quality and Metrology Fraunhofer Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering Institute for Production Technology (IPT) RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

The fifth generation of mobile communications 5G has been introduced to a variety of application domains enabling significant progress towards networked and adaptive systems. As the development of 5G was specifically tailored towards the requirements of industry, a broad knowledge of the technology has been built up in industrial production while also contributing to increasing the spread of data-driven technologies like machine learning. Other application domains are still lacking the widespread use and adoption of digital and data-driven technologies. The objective of the research project *** is to utilize the gained expertise and knowledge from industrial production and contribute to the adoption of 5G in the application domains of construction and underground mining. We set up trail sites on a construction site and in an underground mine to determine how a 5G network must be designed to meet the domain-specific requirements. Use cases have been designed and implemented to verify the functionality as well as the benefits of the employed 5G networks. First network tests were conducted showing the potential of 5G to enable an end-to-end coverage, which provides the basis for the use of digital and data-driven technologies in the application domains of construction and underground mining.

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Touch-based Augmented Reality Marking Techniques on Production Parts 55

Touch-based Augmented Reality Marking Techniques on Producti...

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55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2022

作者： Schmetz, Arno Bellgardt, Martin Wehrwein, Vincent Kuhlen, Torsten Brecher, Christian Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstr. 17 Aachen52074 Germany Fraunhofer Research Institution for Battery Cell Production FFB Mendelstr. 11 Münster48149 Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools WZL RWTH Aachen University Steinbachstr. 19 Aachen52074 Germany Visual Computing Institute RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 6 Aachen52074 Germany

In the machining of production parts, the quality of the surface is subject to a variety of influences. Tool wear, thermal effects and vibrations can affect the surface quality of the machined object drastically. Some of those effects on the surface, like marks from vibrations, can be seen by machining experts directly on the object without measurement hardware or metrology systems. Those pieces of information held by the experts are valuable to the surface finishing staff, the metrology staff and data scientists, who could use them to improve both the product and the process. However, to enable this exchange of information, the relevant data needs to be indicated in a spatially resolved and machine-readable format. Additionally, the experts need to be able to mark the areas for all kinds of different requirements in a fast and suitable manner without possibly damaging the part itself. Our approach for this task is using a touch-based Augmented Reality system that allows the users to mark these areas of interest on the production part digitally without touching the production part itself. Therefore, we propose two different marking techniques - Shift&Freeze Marking and Relative Marking - based on literature from pointing tasks. We performed user trials to evaluate the usability, task load and overall performance of those techniques showing a general suitability for touch-based AR marking of relevant regions on productions parts. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Augmented Reality Data Augmentation Data Preprocessing Industry 4.0

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Towards Robot-Assisted Data Generation with Minimal User Interaction for Autonomously Training 6D Pose Estimation in Operational Environments

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 120卷 249-254页

作者： Paul Koch Marian Schlüter Serge Thill Jörg Krüger Fraunhofer Institute for Production and System Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Radboud University 6525 HR Nijmegen Netherlands Technical University Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Recently, deep neural networks achieved state-of-the-art results in the subject of 6D object pose estimation for robot manipulation. However, those deep learning methods require expensive training data. Current methods for cost reduction use synthetic data, but rely on expert knowledge and suffer from the domain gap when shifting to the real application. Here, we present a proof of concept for a novel approach towards generating annotated training data for 6D object pose estimation. This approach is designed for learning new objects in operational environments while requiring little interaction and no expertise on the part of the user.

关键词： 6D Object Pose Estimation Artificial Intelligence Data Generation Robotic Grasping Robot Cognition

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Novel Advances in machine tools, Tool Electrodes and Processes for High-Performance and High-Precision EDM

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 113卷 611-635页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Mitchel Polte Sami Yabroudi Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

High-performance electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a key technology for manufacturing high-precision components in a broad range of industrially relevant applications. Formation of debris in the working gap leads to arcing and short-circuits on the surface as well as related inaccuracies and process instabilities. Despite decades of research in the field of EDM excessive tool wear and limited process performance are still challenging. In order to overcome highly complex state-of-the-art challenges, dedicated processes, machine tools, peripheral systems, software, tool electrodes and technologies for the application of alternative dielectric fluids have been developed. Within this work novel advances in the development of a sophisticated dry EDM machine tool, including generator and process control technology based on open architecture, open source software, and commonly available machine tool components, are presented. Solutions for challenges regarding remaining debris and gas bubbles as well as related arc discharge and short-circuit pulses in sinking EDM are presented by new flushing methods, technologies and devices. A new system for inverted pressure flushing of a dielectric fluid in ED-drilling enables a highly efficient removal of debris and gas bubbles through the interior channels of the tool electrode. A new multi-fluidic spindle system for EDM provides the ability to use performance- and material-related application of gaseous, near-dry and liquid dielectric fluids sequentially within a single machining process. Recent advances in tool electrode design, tool electrode material application, modification and production have led to essential process improvements. A helical tool electrode design significantly improved flushing conditions and related material removal rate in ED-drilling. Modification of ED-drilling tool electrode surfaces by thermal oxidation of copper reveals a promising approach to minimize ineffective discharges. Application of a spec

关键词： Electrical discharge machining (EDM) precision manufacturing material removal tool geometry micro machining simulation spindle machine tool machining heat treatment process control algorithm surface modification fluid inishing optimization productivity additive manufacturing

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