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International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)

作者： Max Klein Gregor Thiele Adalbert Fono Niloufar Khorsandi David Schade Jörg Krüger Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany AUCOTEAM GmbH Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728169996

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170008

The increasing share of renewable energies in the total energy supply includes a growing number of small, decentralized energy generation which also provides control energy. These decentralized stations are usually combined to a virtual power plant which takes over the monitoring and control of the individual participants via an Internet connection. This high degree of automation and the large number of frequently changing subscribers creates new challenges in terms of detecting anomalies. Quickly adaptable, variable and reliable methods of anomaly detection are required. This paper compares two approaches using Neural Networks (NN) with respect to their ability to detect anomalous behavior in real process data of a combined heat and power plant. In order to include process dynamics, one approach includes specifically engineered features, while the other approach uses Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM). Both approaches are able to detect rudimentary anomalies. For more demanding anomalies, the respective strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches become apparent.

关键词： Power generation Artificial neural networks Computer architecture Monitoring Anomaly detection Generators Time series analysis

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Identification of Indicators for the Assessment of Technological Risks within technology Selection

Identification of Indicators for the Assessment of Technolog...

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International Scientific Conference on Information technology and Management Science of Riga Technical University (ITMS)

作者： Gunther Schuh Patrick Scholz Stefan Seichter Chair of Production Engineering Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728191058

ISBN: (纸本)9781728191065

An accelerated technological change combined with shortened technology development- and life-cycles results in additional pressure on technology-oriented companies in global competition. These companies are compelled to make decisions for new technologies at an early stage to secure existing and gain new competitive advantages. The challenge is to make the right technology decisions considering the existing high uncertainty at this stage. Hence, existing risks must be assessed concerning the forecast potential to become manageable for decision-making processes. While existing approaches for the assessment of new technologies are primarily focused on technology potentials, holistic approaches for risk assessment of technologies are missing. In particular, there is a lack of the required assessment basis indicating the technological risk. To establish a valid basis for such a technology risk assessment and to support companies in technology selection at an early stage, this paper provides a set of risk factors as indicators for the assessment of technological risks. The identification of these risk factors is based on an extensive literature review. Using a systematic procedure, 83 publications were identified and 697 possible factors were initially compiled. Finally, 19 risk factors were derived based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, which provides the foundation for assessing the technological risks of new technologies. The procedure as well as the identified risk factors are presented in this paper.

关键词： Companies Risk management Uncertainty Systematics Technological innovation ISO Standards Bibliographies

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Nondestructive testing of composite fibre materials with hyperspectral imaging : Evaluative studies in the EU H2020 FibreEUse project

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yan, Yijun Ren, Jinchang Zhao, Huan Windmill, James F.C. Ijomah, Winifred de Wit, Jesper von Freeden, Justus National Subsea Centre Robert Gordon University Aberdeen United Kingdom Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom Dept of Design Manufacturing & Engineering Management University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom INVENT GmbH Christian-Pommer-Straße 47 Braunschweig38112 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Hermann-Münch-Str. 1 Wolfsburg38440 Germany

Through capturing spectral data from a wide frequency range along with the spatial information, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can detect minor differences in terms of temperature, moisture and chemical composition. Therefore, HSI has been successfully applied in various applications, including remote sensing for security and defense, precision agriculture for vegetation and crop monitoring, food/drink, and pharmaceuticals quality control. However, for condition monitoring and damage detection in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), the use of HSI is a relatively untouched area, as existing non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques focus mainly on delivering information about physical integrity of structures but not on material composition. To this end, HSI can provide a unique way to tackle this challenge. In this paper, with the use of a near-infrared HSI camera, applications of HSI for the non-destructive inspection of CFRP products are introduced, taking the EU H2020 FibreEUse project as the background. Technical challenges and solutions on three case studies are presented in detail, including adhesive residues detection, surface damage detection and Cobot based automated inspection. Experimental results have fully demonstrated the great potential of HSI and related vision techniques for NDT of CFRP, especially the potential to satisfy the industrial manufacturing environment. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Nondestructive examination

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Case Study for the Integrated Development of a Modular System for Vehicle Superstructures of Battery Electric Light Commercial Vehicles

Case Study for the Integrated Development of a Modular Syste...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

作者： G. Schuh C. Dölle R. Kreutzer M. Patzwald J. Koch Chair of Production Engineering Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781538672204

ISBN: (纸本)9781538672211

Considering fossil fuel scarcity, future transportation is a core challenge for industry and society. With increasing urbanization, the issue of emission-free transportation is of particular relevance for metropolitan areas. To reduce pollution, environmental zones have been set up in numerous German cities. These affect small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) that operate within the city centers, but whose logistics are diesel-based. At the same time, battery electric light commercial vehicles (BELCVs) are more expensive than diesel vehicles. Apart from component costs, this is partly due to lower volumes and limited economies of scale. In the context of vehicle structures in BELCVs, new possibilities for installation space design arise. This paper aims to modularize this installation space tailored to SMEs' needs. Since purchasing is the primary cost driver for SMEs, the presented case study pursues the goal of realizing "car-sharing" for BELCVs via modularization, so that capital investments can be distributed among several parties. Thus, the objectives of the present paper are sharing the lessons learned of the case study and contributing to the validation of the modular system design methodology used.

关键词： Urban areas Interviews Batteries Sustainable development Space vehicles Industries Economies of scale

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Minimally-invasive lag screw fixation technique for posterior malleolus fractures: A cadaveric study

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Foot & Ankle Surgery: Techniques, Reports & Cases 2024年第2期4卷 100385-100385页

作者： Fullarton, M., MSc Vidakovic, H., FRACS Kieser, D.C., PhD, FRACS Hammer, N., PhD Wyatt, M.C., MD, FRACS University of Otago Department of Anatomy Dunedin New Zealand University of Otago Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine Christchurch New Zealand Medical University of Graz Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center Graz Austria Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Plastic Surgery University Hospital of Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Division of Biomechatronics Dresden Germany College of Health Massey University New Zealand

AbstractAnatomical reduction and lag screw fixation of posterior malleolar (PM) ankle fractures typically involves an open posterolateral approach. The aim of this anatomical study was to assess whether a minimally-invasive, percutaneous posterior-to-anterior lag screw fixation technique is safe to perform. Eighteen cadaveric ankle specimens were used. A transverse incision was made at the lateral border of the Tendo Achilles (TA). Windows were made lateral to and through the substance of the TA and simulated reduction and placement of a single lag screw performed. Specimens were then fully dissected to ascertain proximity and damage to anatomical structures. Lag screw fixation was placed appropriately in all ankles. No injury to the neurovascular structures, ankle joint or syndesmotic ligaments was observed. The mean distance from the soft tissue window to sural nerve was 10.0 mm (range 5–16), and 9.5 mm to short saphenous vein (4–14). Whilst the muscle belly of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) was pierced in six specimens, no injuries to the FHL tendon were observed. The mean distance from screw to syndesmosis was 9.3 mm (range 3–15) and 12.7 mm to the ankle joint (7–17). This study demonstrates that posterior percutaneous lag screw fixation is both safe and accurate. Further work is required to evaluate the precision of reduction and the biomechanical stability of this fixation technique. This novel minimally-invasive technique may be beneficial in avoiding the wound complications associated with open posterolateral ankle approaches and also offer a functional advantage due to minimal soft tissue disruption.

关键词： Ankle joint Approach Fixation Posterior malleolus fracture Trauma V

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Miniaturized parallel kinematic machine tool for the machining of small workpieces 18

Miniaturized parallel kinematic machine tool for the machini...

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18th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2018

作者： Georgi, Oliver Rentzsch, Hendrik Blau, Peter Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775121

Machining small workpieces with large scale machine tools has several disadvantages such as high costs, low efficiency and higher sensitivity to errors. Miniaturizing the machine to workpiece scale is a suitable approach to overcome certain limitations. However, this measure also leads to significant changes in machine properties even if the kinematic structure remains unchanged. On the basis of a parallel kinematic machine tool the paper investigates size effects and machine characteristics during dimensioning and design process. Static stiffness of joint bearings and overall dynamic behaviour are analysed to derive and prove certain design measures. Furthermore the influence of miniaturization on structure synthesis and feed drive dimensioning is shown. The paper concludes with final design and specifications of the developed parallel kinematic machine tool. © 2018 CURRAN-CONFERENCE. All rights reserved.

关键词： machine tools

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Influence of contaminants on part quality during Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of nickel base alloys 11

Influence of contaminants on part quality during Laser-Based...

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11th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, LANE 2020

作者： Palm, Mathias S. Horn, Max Bachmann, Andreas Schlick, Georg Zaeh, Michael F. Reinhart, Gunther Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management of Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstr. 15 Garching b. München85748 Germany ArianeGroup GmbH Robert-Koch-Straße 1 Taufkirchen82024 Germany Fraunhofer Research Institution for Casting Composite and Processing Technology IGCV Am Technologiezentrum 10 Augsburg86159 Germany

Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has become a key Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology for the production of complex metallic components within a short lead-time. Contaminated powder feedstock is a major challenge in LPBF due to the uncertain influence of contaminations on part quality. This study investigates the effects of different contaminants inside the feedstock on material density and metallurgical structure in order to evaluate their implications for serial production. Pieces of rubber gloves, human, and recoater brush hair as well as five more substances were applied manually at a defined layer during the manufacturing process of Hastelloy® X (HX) specimens. The part densities were 99.9% for all contaminated specimens. Cross-sections did not show increased porosity. For some contaminants, inclusions of foreign material residue were observed. The results for HX were evaluated and implications for comparable materials were derived. Lastly, the criticality of the investigated contaminants on part quality was analyzed. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Contamination

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Dry-ED milling of micro-scale contours with high-speed rotating tungsten tube electrodes

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 95卷 533-538页

作者： E. Uhlmann I. Perfilov S. Yabroudi R. Mevert M. Polte Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

This paper presents machining results for dry-ED milling of micro-scale contours by use of a new machine tool, including a relaxation generator, designed for dry-EDM. To implement the dry-ED milling process tungsten tube electrodes were used. The gas is injected through the tubular tool electrode under high pressure. Additionally, a high-speed EDM spindle was used to overcome process instabilities and increase the material removal rate due to better flushing conditions. Further, fluid simulations of the flushing conditions are presented in this paper. It is found that the use of gaseous dielectrics enables much better machining results in terms of shape accuracy and tool wear. The simulations provide new insights in the flushing conditions when using gaseous dielectrics. The calculated fluid flow pattern shows a great agreement with the observed depositions of reattached molten material on the tool and workpiece surface. The results presented as well as the hardware introduced enable the industrial application of dry-EDM for the first time.

关键词： EDM Dry-EDM ED milling CFD flushing

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Automatic bead position calculation for hem flange bonding

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Procedia Manufacturing 2019年 27卷 138-143页

作者： M. Eckert J. Weber B. Hecht W.-G. Drossel M. Rössinger Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Brieffach 011/1326 38436 Wolfsburg Germany

This article deals with improving the planning of hem flange bonding in the car body manufacturing process. Particularly during the ramp-up of the plant, great effort is put into ensuring that the generated adhesive bond meets the quality requirements. Here, several challenges occur in parallel. This ranges from the specific adhesive design, a result of multi-dimensional and individually curved car body parts, to the multi-stage process chain, where the associated manufacturing equipment is complex. This intricacy is countered by a discrete analysis of the adhesive continuum. Based on an established method, the location where the adhesive must be applied is computed under consideration of contiguous contours, disturbance variables and applicability by the projected dispensing system. For this reason the performance of the involved machines is examined. The results of this new method comprise a robot path along which an application system is guided, and control commands for the latter. Finally, a validation proves that this way, the adhesive application can be designed in a shorter period of time and in high quality at an early stage of plant design.

关键词： Computer automated process planning (CAPP) Robot Hem flange bonding

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Investigating the influence of bending parameters on the springback behavior of ultra-high strength spring strips 26th

Investigating the influence of bending parameters on the spr...

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26th MEFORM Conference on Resource Efficient Materials and forming Technologies, 2018

作者： Richter, Karsten Reuther, Franz Müller, Roland Landgrebe, Dirk Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783035712971

The spring industry has to process ultra-high strength spring strips of the steel grade 1.4310 (X10CrNi18-8). Springback during bending is a limiting factor for resource-efficient production processes in the so-called stamping bending technology. This paper reports a mainly experimental investigation on the influence of bending parameters on the evolving springback of spring strips of the grade 1.4310 with tensile strengths TS = 1500-1800 MPa. © 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Stamping

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