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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Marco Wagenstetter Petra Gospodnetic Lovro Bosnar Juraj Fulir Donovan Kreul Holly Rushmeier Thomas Aicher Arvid Hellmich Steffen Ihlenfeldt Powertrain Production System Planning BMW Group Germany Synthetic Data Generation Fraunhofer ITWM Germany Synthetic Data Generation Yale University USA Machine tools and forming technology Fraunhofer IWU Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350361230

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361247

Automation of inspection for quality control is needed to overcome the errors and delays inherent in manual processes. machine learning methods have the potential to greatly improve automated inspection. However, machine learning techniques require training data that are precisely labeled and reflect the distribution of defects to be detected. Physically collecting suitable training data requires significant time and prolongs the overall time for system development. To address this challenge, a new study is presented that explores synthetic data generation for a state-of-the-art anomaly detection (AD) model in the electric motor housing (EMH) surface inspection. The study successfully demonstrates using synthetic data for anomaly detection and presents a comparison of detection performance by models trained solely on synthetic data and models trained on both synthetic and real data. The study shows that real data combined with synthetic data can increase overall model performance. The study also addresses current challenges in using synthetic data and proposes directions for future work.

关键词： Training Visualization Training data machine learning Quality control Inspection Data models Anomaly detection Synthetic data Electric motors

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Target Costing as an Approach to reduce Costs in closed-loop Agriculture Systems - Application for the Cultivation of Algae in Photobioreactors

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 372-377页

作者： Maximilian Stange Marc Tieding Gordon Brinitzer Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany

The rapidly growing world population, the consequences of climate change and conventional agriculture as well as the limited resources of our planet threaten the food supply of humanity, especially with vital proteins. Therefore, innovation of agricultural systems is crucial for global food security and sustainable development. One proposed system is the cultivation of algae in artificially illuminated photobioreactors, which is a promising technology to limit land and water use. To achieve a competitive position between other agricultural systems and to reduce costs in a systematic and proactive approach, we suggest using Target Costing (TC) at an early stage of development. The paper aims to provide an overview of the state of the art in TC of agricultural systems. The authors identify a suitable approach for the economic evaluation of algae cultivation in bioreactors and adapt it specifically for the extraction of proteins. Based on this, different scenarios are discussed how a cost reduction of the existing systems can be achieved. The focus is on the reduction of energy costs, a suitable site selection and the use of side streams and products.

关键词： Sustainable agriculture Energy costs Target costing Algae

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Tool concept for structure rolling to improve tribologically stressed components 20

Tool concept for structure rolling to improve tribologically...

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20th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2020

作者： Schmidt, Torsten Schneider, Jörg Edelmann, Jan Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775176

Extensions of functional ranges and increases in efficiency are among the constant companions in automotive engineering as well as in machine tool industry. In most cases, increased performance requirements meet lower or constant component dimensions, whereby the functional surfaces are exposed to higher loads. These are often components subject to high tribological stress, such as friction bearings or cylinder liners. Against this background, these surfaces are often functionalized by coatings or microstructures in order to meet the increased requirements. For surface micro structuring, a number of processes are known which differ in their suitability for specific applications and series production. Structure rolling offers great potential for the structuring of rotationally symmetric components. With this process the positive structure of the embossing roller is replicated onto the workpiece surface under a defined contact force. This comparatively simple method of structure generation enables a fast and flexible process for transferring different structural geometries to extensive component surfaces. The publication focuses on structure rolling as efficient manufacturing technology. Within the scope of several research projects, various tool concepts have been implemented and advanced, whereby the current tool design is presented and discussed. In addition, the dimensioning and production of the positive structure on the embossing roller by means of laser structuring is described. The potentials of the process are shown by means of an application-oriented example. Copyright © Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tribology

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Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grinding and resulting influence on tooth flank topography and gear excitation 14

Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grind...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Böttger, Jonas Kimme, Simon Drossel, Welf-Guntram Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes IWP Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Besides harmonic meshing frequencies, excitation behavior of gears is highly affected by micro geometry of tooth surface caused by waviness on gear flank topography. Errors in finishing processes like continuous generating gear grinding are examined to demonstrate their impact on gear flank topography under consideration of characteristic waviness with a simulation model. Results of an experimental investigation on manufactured topography and measured transmission error show well correlation with the model. The pursued analysis of characteristic cutting volume in frequency domain of systematically considered process errors is a reasonable step towards the prediction of process conditions in the manufacturing process. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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Tool-holder integrated printed piezoceramic sensors for process state classification and tool-wear progress evaluation in turning

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 133卷 382-387页

作者： Miguel Panesso Jan Berthold Lucas Hamm Zongshuo Li Welf-Guntram Drossel Thomas Bergs Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Nöthnitzer Str. 44 01187 Dresden Germany Manufacturing Technology Institute (MTI) of RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 30 52074 Aachen Germany

Tool condition monitoring strategies in turning processes, using multiple sensor sources to measure dynamic quantities (e.g., force, acoustic emissions, acceleration), has gained significant attention in conjunction with machine learning methods. As a novel approach, the introduction of printed piezoceramic thick films in machine tools allows the customization of sensor shape and placement, optimized to fit the tool holder’s geometry and process boundary conditions. This work proposes integration concepts using two configurations of printed piezoceramic sensors. This includes the use of a finite element simulation to estimate the generated electric charge from sensors on three locations on the tool holder, induced by transient mechanical loading. The design is validated under controlled mechanical loading and tested across various cutting conditions and tool-wear states. Signal information content from each sensor location, relative to different machining conditions, is assessed through recursive feature elimination and validated using dimensionality reduction. Finally, tool-wear progress is evaluated using the selected features.

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Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quantum Bayesian Networks

Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quan...

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2022 Informatik in den Naturwissenschaften, INFORMATIK 2022 - 2022 Computer Science in the Natural Sciences, INFORMATIK 2022

作者： Selch, Maximilian Müssig, Daniel Hänel, Albrecht Lässig, Jörg Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Department Digital Production Twin Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer IOSB Branch Advanced System Technologies IOSB-AST Cognitive Energy Systems Wilhelmsplatz 11 Görlitz02826 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797203

Digital representatives of physical assets and process steps play a decisive role in analysing properties and evaluating the quality of the process. So-called digital twins acquire all relevant planning and process data, which provide the basis, for example, to investigate path accuracies in manufacturing. Each single process step aims to perform an ideal machining after the specification of a target geometry. However, the practical implementation of a step usually shows deviations from the targeted shape. The machine-learning based method of probabilistic Bayesian networks enables the quality estimation of the holistic process chain as well as improvements by targeted considerations of single steps and influence factors. However, the handling of large-scale Bayesian networks requires a high computational effort, whereas the processing with quantum algorithms holds potential improvements in storage and performance. Based on the issue of path accuracy, this paper considers the modelling and influence estimation for a milling operation including experiments on superconducting quantum hardware. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Vacuum gripper without central compressed air supply

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 76-80页

作者： Robert Schaffrath Erik Jäger Georg Winkler Jan Doant Marcel Todtermuschke Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Compressed air operated industrial equipment has been always an important part of car body production. Advantages of compressed air powered tools are their robust construction, low-cost manufacturing as well as high performances especially forces at a minimum of construction size. Disadvantages are high operating costs, due to pressure losses in case of leakage, high installation costs and intricate cabling especially at highly flexible manufacturing systems. As a result, many automobile manufacturers aiming for a reduction of air powered production tools or even air free automobile manufacturing systems. Against this background a new concept of a vacuum grippers will be presented, which does not need central compressed air supply. Results of the development of suction cups will be shown, which are based on mechanical air displacement inspired by artificial muscles. Furthermore, a control of clusters of new suction cups with artificial intelligence is given.

关键词： Automotive Body shop End of arm tooling Gripper Vacuum Sucktion cups Compressed air supply

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Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of path-based welding applications 57

Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of p...

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18th IFAC Workshop on Time Delay Systems, TDS 2024

作者： Safronov, Georgij Theisinger, Heiko Sahlbach, Vasco Braun, Christoph Molzer, Andreas Thies, Anabelle Schuba, Christian Shirazi, Majid Reindl, Thomas Hänel, Albrecht Engelhardt, Philipp Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Mayr, Peter BMW AG Petuelring 130 München80788 Germany Technical University of Munich Materials Engineering of Additive Manufacturing Freisinger Landstraße 52 Garching bei München85748 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Nebumind GmbH Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1 Taufkirchen82024 Germany

The use of digital technologies in industrial manufacturing reduces operational costs and improves production quality. The "Framework for Spatiotemporal Production Data Acquisition" (PathSense) aims to improve access and usability of production data by applying a common data ecosystem. Through integrating operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), PathSense supports decision-making and process optimization. The framework uses the concept of digital shadows to collect critical information from sensors within the continuous manufacturing processes, e.g., welding or gluing lines. Spatial and temporal digital shadows are developed in accordance with human spatial cognition to support sophisticated-yet intuitive-human-computer interactions without the need for advanced data science skills. The backbone of the framework consists of robust data pipelines with a setup incorporating modern IT protocols, such as OPC UA and MQTT, to support the efficient acquisition and management of data. The paper addresses the challenges associated with the combination of IT and OT in cyber-physical systems, stressing modern complex data-intensive manufacturing as one exemplary domain to be tackled by scalable and secure data architectures. The paper identifies two major future directions: refining data integration processes and embedding advanced machine learning algorithms to enable automated data analysis and improve process quality monitoring. In summary, PathSense proposes a data-driven approach for quality inspection in manufacturing, which may eventually enhance industry practices and move towards data-driven decisions and increased operational flexibility. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Spatio-temporal data

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forming Limit of Dual Phase Steel: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation 14th

Forming Limit of Dual Phase Steel: An Experimental and Numer...

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14th International Conference on technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2023

作者： Müller, Martina Fehlemann, Niklas Herrig, Tim Lenz, David Könemann, Markus Bergs, Thomas Münstermann, Sebastian Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 30 Aachen52074 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstrasse 17 Aachen52074 Germany Institute of Metal Forming IBF RWTH Aachen University Intzestrasse 10 Aachen52074 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031409196

forming limit diagrams and forming limit curves are used to determine the failure limits of sheet metal materials by conducting a forming limit analysis. The aim is to enable the selection of suitable materials, geometries and process parameters at an early stage in the component development. In this way, engineering time and costs can be reduced. In addition to experimental forming limit analyses, different models and model approaches exist to numerically predict damage and failure. All have in common that calibration is necessary based on experimental investigations. The correspondingly determined parameters specify when ductile damage initiation begins, how it evolves, and how the material finally fails. Thus, the calibration and the parameters determined have a significant impact on the models’ accuracy. The present work focuses on the numerical prediction of DP 800 dual phase steel in a Nakajima test using a modified Bai-Wierzbicki model. Besides the calibration influence of the damage model coming from a non-unique parameter selection is investigated. A sensitivity analysis of the experimentally determined parameters of the damage model is carried out with the aim of predicting the crack initiation with high accuracy and to determine the influence of the calibrated parameters, especially the range between the damage initiation locus, the failure locus and the damage evolution rate. The objective is to determine which damage model parameters possess a high influence on the failure prediction, in order to be able to make a risk assessment with regard to the prediction accuracy for later applications. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Calibration

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The RaRe2 Attempt as a Holistic Platform for Decision Support in Rapidly Changing Process Chains 9th

The RaRe2 Attempt as a Holistic Platform for Decision Suppor...

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Production Processes and Product Evolution in the Age of Disruption - Proceedings of the 9th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference CARV2023 and the 11th World Mass Customization and Personalization Conference MCPC2023

作者： Teicher, Uwe Ben Achour, Anas Selbmann, Erik Demir, Ozan Emre Arabsolgar, Dena Cassina, Jacopo Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Colledani, Marcello Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Straße 7a Dresden01189 Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan20156 Italy Syxis VSI Europos pr. 122 Kaunas46351 Lithuania Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031348204

The trend towards globalization is increasingly being questioned or put under the microscope for social, political, and economic policy reasons. Due to the closely net-worked trade relations unpredictable events like pandemics, natural disasters, technical disruptions of supply chains and political conflicts can have considerable economic and social consequences. However, the central point is the constantly and rapidly changing market conditions to which it is necessary to react, or which must be shaped in order to adequately and successfully counter new technologies or new competitors. Within this paper it is worked out that based on targeted support of decision makers from top management to lower management and of the executing staff, the economic consequences for companies can be lowered with data-driven approaches and furthermore the. The objective of this paper is to help tackling reconfiguration needs via a holistic approach with the human being in the centre. The central hypothesis consists of the fact that with standards and defined methods, data-driven tools such as the digital twin or dedicated software applications for decision support specifically for information-based decisions, it is possible to deal more robustly and resiliently with rapid changes in the business environment. Based on exemplary use cases of automotive and medical technology as well as precision manufacturing of optical components, a holistic ecosystem platform RaRe2 will be developed, which will be disseminated as a reference for innovative software concepts on an industrial scale. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Supply chains

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