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Considering architectural properties in real-time play-out 44

Considering architectural properties in real-time play-out

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44. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fur Informatik INFORMATIK 2014 - Big Data - Komplexitat meistern - Big Data - Mastering Complexity: 44th Annual Meeting of the Society for computer Science, INFORMATICS 2014

作者： Holtmann, Jörg Shipchanov, Dimitar Software Engineering Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Zukunftsmeile 1 Paderborn33102 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Paderborn Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn33098 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796268

Real-time embedded systems (RTES), as in the automotive domain, provide their functionality by executing software operations on hardware with restricted resources and by communicating via buses. The properties of the underlying architecture, i.e., execution times of software operations and bus latencies, cause delays during the provision of the functionality. At the same time, RTES have to fulfill strict real-time requirements. The fulfillment of such real-time requirements under consideration of delays induced by architectural properties should be taken into account already during requirements engineering (RE) to avoid costly iterations in subsequent development phases. In previous work, we developed a formal RE approach based on a recent Live Sequence Chart (LSC) variant, so-called Modal Sequence Diagrams (MSDs). This scenario-based RE approach allows to validate the requirements by means of simulation, i.e., the play-out algorithm originally conceived for LSCs. Our MSD play-out approach considers assumptions on the environment as well as real-time requirements and is applicable to hierarchical component architectures, which makes it well suited for automotive systems. However, delays induced by architectural properties are not considered. In order to consider this important aspect, we introduce in this paper an approach enabling the annotation of software operation execution times and connector latencies to hierarchical component architectures by means of the MARTE profile. These assumptions about the architectural properties can be verified against the realtime requirements specified in the MSDs by means of simulation. We illustrate the approach by means of an example of an automotive RTES.

关键词： Requirements engineering

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Makespan and Security-Aware Workflow Scheduling for Cloud Service Cost Minimization Using Firefly Optimizer 22nd

Makespan and Security-Aware Workflow Scheduling for Cloud ...

引用

22nd International Conference on Algorithms and architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2022

作者： Zhou, Chengliang Wang, Tian Li, Liying Sun, Jin Zhou, Junlong School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China National Trusted Embedded Software Engineering Technology Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031226762

As efficient commercial information technology, cloud computing has attracted more and more users to submit their requests to the cloud platform and pay for them based on the amount and quality of services. One of the most important concerns of cloud service providers is to minimize the monetary cost for completing users’ requests while meeting constraints on the quality of services such as makespan and security. To solve this concern, this paper proposes a makespan and security-aware workflow scheduling method based on an improved firefly optimizer that consists of a new solution initialization scheme, a firefly position updating scheme, a firefly-to-solution mapping operator, and two task-to-virtual machine assignment schemes. We carry out extensive simulation experiments on real-world workflows to validate our proposed workflow scheduling method. The results reveal that the monetary cost reduction achieved by our method can be up to 54.0% compared to a baseline and two state-of-the-art approaches. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Analysis of nonstationary time series by mixtures of self-organizing predictors

Analysis of nonstationary time series by mixtures of self-or...

引用

IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing

作者： J. Kohlmorgen S. Lemm G. Ratsch K.-R. Muller GMD FIRSTGerman National Research Center for Information Technology Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology Berlin Germany

Presents a method for the analysis of time series from drifting or switching dynamics. In an extension to existing approaches that identify switches or drifts between stationary dynamical modes, the method allows one to analyze even continuously varying dynamics and can identify mixtures of more than two dynamical modes. The architecture is based on a mixture of self-organizing Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimators. The mixture model is trained by barrier optimization, a technique for constrained optimization problems. We apply the proposed method to artificially generated data and EEG recordings from the wake/sleep transition.

关键词： Time series analysis Predictive models Electroencephalography Kernel Constraint optimization Information technology computer architecture software Electronic mail Switches

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Dynamic inference in probabilistic graphical models 12

Dynamic inference in probabilistic graphical models

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12th Innovations in Theoretical computer Science Conference, ITCS 2021

作者： Feng, Weiming He, Kun Sun, Xiaoming Yin, Yitong State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China Shenzhen University China Shenzhen Institute of Computing Sciences China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783959771771

Probabilistic graphical models, such as Markov random fields (MRFs), are useful for describing high-dimensional distributions in terms of local dependence structures. The probabilistic inference is a fundamental problem related to graphical models, and sampling is a main approach for the problem. In this paper, we study probabilistic inference problems when the graphical model itself is changing dynamically with time. Such dynamic inference problems arise naturally in today’s application, e.g. multivariate time-series data analysis and practical learning procedures. We give a dynamic algorithm for sampling-based probabilistic inferences in MRFs, where each dynamic update can change the underlying graph and all parameters of the MRF simultaneously, as long as the total amount of changes is bounded. More precisely, suppose that the MRF has n variables and polylogarithmic-bounded maximum degree, and N(n) independent samples are sufficient for the inference for a polynomial function N(·). Our algorithm dynamically maintains an answer to the inference problem using Oe(nN(n)) space cost, and Oe(N(n) + n) incremental time cost upon each update to the MRF, as long as the Dobrushin-Shlosman condition is satisfied by the MRFs. This well-known condition has long been used for guaranteeing the efficiency of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling in the traditional static setting. Compared to the static case, which requires Ω(nN(n)) time cost for redrawing all N(n) samples whenever the MRF changes, our dynamic algorithm gives a Ω(min e {n, N(n)})-factor speedup. Our approach relies on a novel dynamic sampling technique, which transforms local Markov chains (a.k.a. single-site dynamics) to dynamic sampling algorithms, and an "algorithmic Lipschitz" condition that we establish for sampling from graphical models, namely, when the MRF changes by a small difference, samples can be modified to reflect the new distribution, with cost proportional to the difference on MRF. © Weiming F

关键词： Sampling

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Kernel/2r-A software infrastructure for building distributed applications

Kernel/2r-A software infrastructure for building distributed...

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IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems

作者： B. Holtkamp H. Weber Fraunhofer Institute forSoftware Engineering and Systems Engineering Computer Scinece / Software Technology University of Dortmund Dortmund Germany

Kernel/2r is a software infrastructure that provides the integration platform for the construction of distributed process-oriented multi-user/multi-role systems. Kernel/2r includes different process engines that enable the enactment of formally defined process models, thus assisting users in staying in line with procedures and regulations required by law or by the organization or ISO 9000 quality standards, for instance. The authors demonstrate the appropriateness of Kernel/2r as a basis for the construction of application systems in the engineering domain as well as in the commercial domain by discussing the IRIN software Factory and the OTIS on-line ticket vending system.< >

关键词： Kernel Application software Production facilities Systems engineering and theory Costs computer networks software engineering Law software systems Hardware

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Stochastic modeling using DSPNexpress

Stochastic modeling using DSPNexpress

引用

International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM)

作者： C. Lindemann GMD Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology (GMD-FIRST) Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany

This article outlines a graphical software package for performance and dependability modeling with deterministic and stochastic Petri nets (DSPNs). The package is called DSPNexpress because its main scientific contribution lies in its efficient numerical solution component. The development of DSPNexpress has been motivated by the lack of a software package for an efficient numerical analysis of Deterministic and stochastic Petri nets (DSPNs) and the complexity requirements imposed by evaluating design alternatives for hardware and software components of multicomputer systems. The main scientific contribution of DSPNexpress lies in its efficient numerical solution component. The version 1.3 of DSPNexpress solves complex DSPNs with four orders of magnitude less CPU time than the previously known numerical method. As a consequence, DSPNexpress is able to calculate steady-state solutions of complex DSPNs with reasonable computational effort on a modern workstation (e.g. a DSPN with 100000 tangible marking and 5000000 state transitions with mild stiffness can be solved in 1 hour of CPU time on a Sun Spare station 2). The article summarizes the main innovative features of the software package DSPNexpress.

关键词： Stochastic processes software packages Petri nets Packaging Numerical analysis Stochastic systems Hardware Steady-state Workstations Sun

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Text Mining for Educational Literature on Big Data with Hadoop

Text Mining for Educational Literature on Big Data with Hado...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud)

作者： Haoge Wang Quanyu Wang Wenming Wang Software Architecture and Big Data dept. of Computer Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

With the development of the information era, the application of big data technology in education has become more and more extensive. This article adopts the Hadoop platform to conduct parallel mining of educational literature on big data. The paper has analyzed the main function of text mining technology, combined Canopy and K-Means algorithm to analyze and research the educational big data literature, learned about the application of big data technology in the field of education in order to provide its services for the construction of "World-class universities and first-class disciplines" and make a contribution to the development of education.

关键词： Big Data Education Text mining Clustering algorithms Computational modeling software architecture

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yaSpMV: Yet Another SpMV Framework on GPUs

yaSpMV: Yet Another SpMV Framework on GPUs

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作者： Yan, Shengen Li, Chao Zhang, Yunquan Zhou, Huiyang Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States State Key Lab of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

SpMV is a key linear algebra algorithm and has been widely used in many important application domains. As a result, numerous attempts have been made to optimize SpMV on GPUs to leverage their massive computational throughput. Although the previous work has shown impressive progress, load imbalance and high memory bandwidth remain the critical performance bottlenecks for SpMV. In this paper, we present our novel solutions to these problems. First, we devise a new SpMV format, called blocked compressed common coordinate (BCCOO), which uses bit flags to store the row indices in a blocked common coordinate (COO) format so as to alleviate the bandwidth problem. We further improve this format by partitioning the matrix into vertical slices to enhance the cache hit rates when accessing the vector to be multiplied. Second, we revisit the segmented scan approach for SpMV to address the load imbalance problem. We propose a highly efficient matrix-based segmented sum/scan for SpMV and further improve it by eliminating global synchronization. Then, we introduce an auto-tuning framework to choose optimization parameters based on the characteristics of input sparse matrices and target hardware platforms. Our experimental results on GTX680 GPUs and GTX480 GPUs show that our proposed framework achieves significant performance improvement over the vendor tuned CUSPARSE V5.0 (up to 229% and 65% on average on GTX680 GPUs, up to 150% and 42% on average on GTX480 GPUs) and some most recently proposed schemes (e.g., up to 195% and 70% on average over clSpMV on GTX680 GPUs, up to 162% and 40% on average over clSpMV on GTX480 GPUs). © 2014 ACM.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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SLSNet: Weakly-Supervised Skin Lesion Segmentation Network with Self-attentions 20th

SLSNet: Weakly-Supervised Skin Lesion Segmentation Network w...

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20th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2023

作者： Pei, Songwen Huang, Junjie School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Engineering Research Center of Software/Hardware Co-design Technology and Application Ministry of Education East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819970247

computer-aided skin lesion segmentation with high precision is crucial to diagnose skin cancers in the early stage. However, the lack of pixel-level labels makes the skin lesion segmentation tasks challenging. To tackle this problem, a new weakly-supervised skin lesion segmentation network with self-attentions named SLSNet is proposed. SLSNet contains two modules and uses image-level labels as supervision information. One module named Intra-image Self-attention Seed Expansion (ISE) digs intra-image self-attentions with an expansion loss and a confidence loss to expand seed areas. The other module named Inter-image Affinity-based Noise Suppression (IAS) suppresses the noise pixels in attention maps via inter-image correlations. Extensive experiments conducted on ISIC-2017 dataset show that SLSNet achieves relatively high performance while reducing human labeling efforts. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024.

关键词： Expansion

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Formula-Oriented Compositional Minimization in Model Checking

Formula-Oriented Compositional Minimization in Model Checkin...

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2010 19th IEEE Asian Test Symposium(第19届IEEE亚洲测试技术学术会议 ATS 2010)

作者： Bowen Chen Haihua Shen Wenhui Zhang Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Acade Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Acade State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijin

This paper presents a new approach to reduce finite state machines with respect to a CTL formula to alleviate state explosion problem. Reduction is achieved by removing parts useless to the formula of original machines. The main contribution of this paper is to exploit relations among subformulas of the CTL formula so as to gain more reduction, as well as to extend traditional pruning method, which handles only existential formulas, to handle universal formulas. Based on this kind of reduction, verification of a large system, which usually consists of several components, can be done by evaluating properties on a reduced version of the system, which is built by composing components of the system one by one while doing reduction after each composition. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach. Especially when a property is written in a more detailed way, that is to describe the system part by part, the approach has a great potential.

关键词： Formula-Oriented Compositional Minimization CTL Model Checking Formal Verification

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