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31st International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in engineering, EG-ICE 2024

作者： Wrede, Konstantin Huang, Chenzi Wohlfahrt, Tommy Hartmann, Nick Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Germany

Uncertainties complicate the task of designing optimal controllers for complex systems. This work introduces FMUGym, a novel open source interface that connects reinforcement learning libraries following the Gymnasium standard with co-simulation Functional Mock-up Units. As the latter encapsulate the model of the control plant, FMUGym can transform them into an environment of a reinforcement learning setup. FMUGym allows to inject uncertainties into system dynamics, inputs and outputs during training. This fosters robust control policies that adapt to possible variations and aims to bridge the simulation-to-reality gap. We demonstrate FMUGym's effectiveness by training an agent to control a nonlinear system with and without uncertainties, highlighting the benefit of noise injection. A second example showcases applicability in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The source code and additional resources for this project are available on GitHub (https://***/fraunhofer-IIS/fmugym), with further development planned based on community feedback. © 2024 Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in engineering, EG-ICE 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Exploratory Data Analysis of Time Series Using Pre-segmented Clustering 26th

Exploratory Data Analysis of Time Series Using Pre-segmente...

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26th International Conference on Information Integration and Web Intelligence, iiWAS 2024

作者： Jain, Vineeta Huang, Zihao Richter, Anna Wetzker, Ulf Frotzscher, Andreas Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031780899

Time series clustering is an unsupervised method of organizing homogeneous time series in groups based on certain similarity criteria. As a result, it can be an essential step in Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), especially for complex time series data. This applies specifically to industrial datasets for applications like predictive maintenance, energy consumption, etc., due to the heterogeneity and peculiarity of collected data sets. Understanding the underlying trends and patterns in such datasets could help strategize advanced analysis methods such as forecasting, regression testing, etc. In this paper, we present a case study on a real-world energy consumption dataset of 4G cells, where we perform a pre-segmented clustering based EDA to uncover hidden insights about the data. The empirical study demonstrates that performing pre-segmented clustering based EDA enhances data interpretation by revealing prevalent and infrequent patterns, empowering users to refine analyses such as prediction more precisely, leading to performance improvement. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Data assimilation

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An Industry-Based Survey on Development and Integration of Safety Element out of Context 7

An Industry-Based Survey on Development and Integration of S...

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7th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety, ICSRS 2023

作者： Nouri, Abdellatif Warmuth, Jens Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Eas Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306057

ISO 26262 introduced the concept of Safety Element out of Context (SEooC), a generic element which is developed to be used across many applications, hence, saving a lot of time, effort, and cost. The objective of this paper is to report about the industrial experience applying the SEooC approach. The knowledge about the good practice of this approach is limited regardless of its recommendation by ISO 26262. An industry-based survey was carried out, consisting of two parts: (i) description of the target group and challenges in functional safety and (ii) the SEooC approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Accident prevention

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Automated early damage detection for power MOSFETs using on-board thermal spectroscopy 22

Automated early damage detection for power MOSFETs using on-...

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22nd InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic systems, ITherm 2023

作者： Reitz, Sven Warmuth, Jens Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Eas Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321661

Functional safety and reliability of electronic components have been becoming increasingly important over the last years and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Not least because of autonomous driving, where the high safety standards today are only achievable via redundancy. However, this greatly increases the weight and cost of the vehicle. Early detection of damage that is already forming but has not led to functional failure yet makes it possible to repair or replace components. In the future this could reduce the need for redundancy. This damage detection is also beneficial for other industries and non-safety applications. Here the result is reduced downtime and thus lower costs. In this paper we present a method for early damage detection in the backside soldering of power MOSFETs using on-board thermal spectroscopy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Damage detection

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A recommendation system for energy saving and user engagement in existing buildings

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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2022年第1期176卷 1-11页

作者： Pruvost, Hervé Calleja-Rodríguez, Gloria Enge-Rosenblatt, Olaf Jiménez-Redondo, Noemi Peralta-Escalante, Juan Jacobo Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Dresden Germany RandD Division Cemosa Málaga Spain

Ranked as the major energy-consuming sector, the building industry continuously introduces enhanced energy-management systems towards more energy efficiency. Despite technological progress, high amounts of resources are still wasted worldwide due to the wrong usage of energy systems in existing building stock. As a response, this paper proposes a recommendation system that is based on information and communication technologies and that provides building users with hands-on executable recommendations to reduce their energy consumption. Indeed, because of their lack of energy awareness and knowledge, people may need guidance in their daily usage of a building to change their energy behaviour and to save energy. For that purpose, the recommendation system analyses building operation data in real time to identify energy wastes as well as suitable energy conservation measures that shall help in saving energy. One main challenge is to provide a highly scalable solution that can be easily applied in a wider range of buildings, thus enabling resource saving at a large scale or even worldwide. For that purpose, the system relies on a model-based expert system for easy adaptation in any building regardless of its type, size and usage. © 2023 Published with permission by the ICE under the CC-BY 4.0 license. (.

关键词： Buildings

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Ultra-Low Power Fully-Digital Audio-DAC for Hearing Aid Application in 22 nm FDSOI Technology

Ultra-Low Power Fully-Digital Audio-DAC for Hearing Aid Appl...

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2023 Smart systems Integration Conference and Exhibition, SSI 2023

作者： Jotschke, Marcel Kumaraveeran, Prasath Buhl, Rene Zeugmann, Bjorn Fraunhofer IIS/EAS Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Dresden Germany Solutions Group Synopsys GmbH Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325065

This paper presents a fully-digital delta-sigma digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for application in audio and hearing aid system-on-chips (SoCs). The slim design is initially synthesized and verified on field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, followed by first-time-right production of the integrated circuit in a modern 22 nm FDSOI CMOS technology. Compared to conventional mixed-signal DACs, time-to-product is low, iterative design cycles are reduced, and technology migration is eased and by the fully-digital topology. The circuit operates with a 20 bit input signal bit from serial I2S interface. Audio signal bandwidths up to 8 kHz are supported by the employed 3rd order delta-sigma modulator operating at a clock frequency of 1.024 MHz. We propose two versions of the DAC's interpolation filter with low interpolation ratio of 64. Version one is composed of two half-band filters and a sinc2 filter, and version two employs six half-band filters achieving higher accuracy. In measurements on wafer prober equipment, both design achieve signal-to-noise and distortion ratios of around 80 dBFS with an ultra-low power consumption of 48.8 μ W in best case at a supply voltage of 0.8 V. The data correlate with measurements on FPGA and simulation. The circuit is employed in a digital hearing aid SoC. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Hearing aids

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Advanced Packaging Using Chiplets and Standardized Physical Interfaces 24

Advanced Packaging Using Chiplets and Standardized Physical ...

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24th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, EPTC 2022

作者： Hopsch, Fabian Ahmed, Maudood Heinig, Andy Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Eas Dresden01187 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398854

Electronic control units (ECU) for automotive and robotics are seen as one emerging technology driver for the chiplet technology. Such a system consists of several building blocks with dedicated functionality. Based on this wide range of functionalities, such a system is especially appropriate for an optimized chiplet based system. Blocks will be implemented in dedicated technologies, like advanced FinFet nodes for computing power, RF nodes for radio-frequency parts and special technologies like GaN for power requirements. To establish a proper interaction between chiplets from different technologies and from different vendors, standardized interfaces are required. This paper will present an implementation of Bunch-of-Wires (BoW) interface in an advanced FinFet node. Together with a former development in a RF-node, both chiplets will be integrated in an advanced package to demonstrate interoperable communication. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Integrating Multiple Knowledge-based Automation Methodologies into the A/MS IC Design Flow 20

Integrating Multiple Knowledge-based Automation Methodologie...

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20th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design, SMACD 2024

作者： Prautsch, Benjamin Sommer, Ralf Scheible, Jürgen Eichler, Uwe Renner, Lorenz Moldenhauer, Till Schweikardt, Matthias Uhlmann, Yannick Institute for Integrated Circuits Fraunhofer IIS/EAS Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Dresden Germany Ilmenau University of Technology IMMS GmbH Ilmenau Germany Reutlingen University Electronics & Drives Reutlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351927

Analog and mixed-signal (A/MS) IC design is still a largely manual process. It lags far behind its digital counterpart were synthesis methods automate many key design steps. This advantage in digital roots from the possibility of a high degree of abstraction with manageable information loss from which a highly systematic digital flow arose. Not only does it incorporate automation throughout, but it also links the individual flow steps by well-defined interfaces. In analog, to the contrary, both a comparable flow approach and automation is largely missing. Even though key design steps, such as schematic and layout, are meanwhile linked well, other important steps, like breaking down a specification to a suitable topology, are not yet in place. Therefore, design teams develop individual design approaches in order to handle the complexity of analog design all the way from specification to layout. A major challenge is the lack of reproducibility, which roots from the lack of expert knowledge stored in the design data. Thus, in this tutorial paper, we address the shortcomings of the A/MS design flow and discuss how knowledge-based automaton methods can both systematize and automate key design steps. Also, we discuss how the steps can be linked together in order to form a systematic design flow. Our proposed A/MS IC design design flow considers automation from specification over schematic level to the layout level. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Analog integrated circuits

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BoW Die to Die interface implementation: An open standardized interface for future Electronics

BoW Die to Die interface implementation: An open standardize...

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Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC)

作者： Maudood Ahmed Andy Heinig Sneha Kadam Lavakumar Navilipuri Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Dresden

Chiplets with a Die to die interface has gained popularity over SoC recently since it has much scope for optimisation in terms of power consumption and high design cost. The downscaling of technology nodes has made it tough to increase the performance at system level. systems such as automotive and associated needs a significant power for processing and has different blocks with different functionality. This presents the need for chiplets based system which leads to need for a standardized Die to Die interface. Bunch-of-Wire (BoW) is one open interface that can serve the needs well for the integration of heterogenous systems which is one of the primary advantage of this interface. This paper presents PHY implementation of this standard is done in 5nm Fin-FET and 22 nm FDX technology and an integration concept is also discussed.

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Self-Organization and Collaboration in Robotic Manufacturing systems 19

Self-Organization and Collaboration in Robotic Manufacturing...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering, CASE 2023

作者： Frotzscher, Andreas Chen, Xiao Tran, Duy Lam Goll, Thore Sadeghian, Hamid Wu, Fan Dehmel, Martin Wohlfahrt, Tommy Riedl, Matthias Haddadin, Sami Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Engineering of Adaptive Systems Eas Dresden Germany Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Ifak E.V. Magdeburg Germany Franka Emika GmbH Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320695

The flexibility and adaptability of smart production systems are achieved through the use of autonomous and collaborating production assets. However, these systems still heavily rely on a central control unit to supervise and coordinate assets, as well as adapt to new demands. Additionally, these systems require reliable wireless connectivity to function effectively. This paper summarizes three contributions to autonomous manufacturing systems. Firstly, a system architecture that co-designs communication control for collaborating production assets is proposed, enabling dynamic trade-off negotiations between the control application and the communication network. Secondly, a novel approach for the self-organization of assets that can adapt in real-time is introduced. Finally, we present a collaborating strategy that facilitates close collaboration between robots while considering the performance of the wireless communication system in use. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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