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22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2024

作者： Kiroriwal, Saksham Pfrommer, Julius Mende, Hendrik Schmitt, Robert H. Beyerer, Jürgen Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Production Technology IPT Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany WZL: Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL of RWTH Aachen University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527471

Manufacturing process optimization is an open question, where Bayesian decision theoretic methods have shown considerable promise. One such is Bayesian optimization, with Gaussian Process (GP) surrogate model. This paper explores Gaussian Processes networks to jointly use parameter and observed state to predict the output(s) of a manufacturing process. The Gaussian process network that represents the paths from parameters to state-space to tasks, provides a methodology to’look inside’ the black-box of complex manufacturing processes. We present a comparative analysis of this method against the multi-task Gaussian processes and single-task counterparts, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each in modelling the behavior of such processes. We show the benefits of the proposed approach using numerical experiments. We show that we are able to improve the output prediction by additional sensor observations from inside the process at training time without needing those sensor observations for predicting product quality given the process parameters. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Software support for the development of flexible plant technology in highly automated and high-rate body-in-white production

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 918-923页

作者： Rayk Fritzsche Antje Ahrens Head of group Adaptable assembly systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany Scientific employee at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany

The remarkly high degree of automation within body-in-white production, with high quality requirements and the increasing demand for product-flexible production form a conflict of objectives. The most significant challenges in making the operating resources of body-in-white manufacturing more flexible arise with the the development of model-flexible geometry fixtures, with the geometric and qualitative requirements being most significant in the production of vehicle doors. For the efficient design of model-flexible fixtures specific methods and software tools for part alignment, clamp point grouping and fixture design have been developed.

关键词： Body in white Automated fixture design Methodical synthesis Analysis software Optimization Product flexibility

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Incorporating Shape Knowledge into Regression Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Poursanidis, Miltiadis Link, Patrick Schmid, Jochen Teicher, Uwe Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz09126 Germany

Informed learning is an emerging field in machine learning that aims to compensate for insufficient data with prior knowledge. Shape knowledge covers many types of prior knowledge concerning the relationship of a function's output with respect to input variables, for example, monotonicity, convexity, etc. This shape knowledge - when formalized into algebraic inequalities (shape constraints) - can then be incorporated into the training of regression models via a constraint problem formulation. The defined shape-constrained regression problem is, mathematically speaking, a semi-infinite program (SIP). Although off-the-shelf algorithms can be used at this point to solve the SIP, we recommend an adaptive feasible-point algorithm that guarantees optimality up to arbitrary precision and strict fulfillment of the shape constraints. We apply this semi-infinite approach for shape-constrained regression (SIASCOR) to three application examples from manufacturing and one artificial example. One application example has not been considered in a shape-constrained regression setting before, so we used a methodology (ISI) to capture the shape knowledge and define corresponding shape constraints. Finally, we compare the SIASCOR method with a purely data-driven automated machine learning method (AutoML) and another approach for shape-constrained regression (SIAMOR) that uses a different solution algorithm. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Analysis of biobased cooling lubricants in milling stainless steel for aerospace applications – A study of tribology and performance

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 113-118页

作者： Erik Selbmann Johanna Sophie Hagen Albrecht Hänel Anas Ben Achour Uwe Teicher Christoph Herrmann Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 01187 Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Instiute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST 38108 Braunschweig Germany TU Braunschweig Institute for Machine Tools and Process Technology 38106 Braunschweig Germany TU Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering 01062 Dresden Germany

Due to high thermomechanical loads, metal cutting processes generally require cooling and lubrication solutions to minimize friction between tool and workpiece. Nowadays, the standard in industry is the application of mineral-oil-based coolants, which represent a significant share of the CO 2 -footprint in production systems in terms of their extraction, fabrication and disposal. The demand for ecological innovations pushes the manufacturing sector to apply sustainable and health compatible coolant alternatives based on renewable vegetable oils for safer work environments and greener production systems. In this work, both mineral-oil-based cooling lubricants and several water-miscible emulsions based on vegetable oils were prepared and tested regarding their suitability for milling tasks of aircraft stainless steels. Therefore, comprehensive tribological investigations were carried out to determine the friction conditions in the contact zone between the tool cutting edge and the workpiece. Additionally, extensive experimental investigations were carried out to measure the process forces and the resulting tool wear as technical performance indicators of the cooling lubricants during machining. The study shows the significant potential of bio-based cooling lubricants as high-performance alternatives to conventional cooling lubricants when milling aircraft stainless steels, regarding the improvement of the tribological system of machining processes and the work environment.

关键词： Bio-based cooling lubricants tribology friction process forces tool wear

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Target Costing as an Approach to reduce Costs in closed-loop Agriculture Systems - Application for the Cultivation of Algae in Photobioreactors 30

Target Costing as an Approach to reduce Costs in closed-loop...

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30th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering Conference, LCE 2023

作者： Stange, Maximilian Tieding, Marc Brinitzer, Gordon Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Nobelstrasse 12 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01069 Germany

The rapidly growing world population, the consequences of climate change and conventional agriculture as well as the limited resources of our planet threaten the food supply of humanity, especially with vital proteins. Therefore, innovation of agricultural systems is crucial for global food security and sustainable development. One proposed system is the cultivation of algae in artificially illuminated photobioreactors, which is a promising technology to limit land and water use. To achieve a competitive position between other agricultural systems and to reduce costs in a systematic and proactive approach, we suggest using Target Costing (TC) at an early stage of development. The paper aims to provide an overview of the state of the art in TC of agricultural systems. The authors identify a suitable approach for the economic evaluation of algae cultivation in bioreactors and adapt it specifically for the extraction of proteins. Based on this, different scenarios are discussed how a cost reduction of the existing systems can be achieved. The focus is on the reduction of energy costs, a suitable site selection and the use of side streams and products. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

关键词： Proteins

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Electrochemical material removal characteristics of a NdFeB permanent magnet 22

Electrochemical material removal characteristics of a NdFeB ...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Petzold, Tom Martin, André Schubert, Andreas Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

Electric motors are used in various fields with an ever-increasing demand. In the electromobility sector as an example, a growth of a few hundred thousand motors per year is stated. In many cases, the rotor magnets for electric drives are produced by sintering. Special drives for two-axes positioning with precise movements require individual geometries of the rotor magnets such as spherical shapes. In this case, post-processing of the usually cylindrical or rectangular block shaped bar magnets is necessary. One common technique for post-processing is electrical discharge machining (EDM), which allows the machinability of hard or brittle materials, but also causes thermal impacts, which influence the magnetic properties of the material in a negative way. To overcome this negative effect it is necessary to re-magnetize the rotor magnets after EDM. Additional measurements of the magnetic field strength are required to ensure correct values. Electrochemical machining (ECM) represents an alternative technique for post-processing of rotor magnets, since it offers the possibility to avoid re-magnetization after the shaping process, because machining temperatures are well below the Curie temperature of most materials. In this study, ECM of a NdFeB permanent-magnetic material is presented. The experiments were carried out according to DIN-SPEC 91399. The material-specific removal characteristics indicate an active dissolution with the chosen machining parameters. Comparative measurements of the magnetic field strength before and after ECM indicate that there is no negative influence of the removal process. The results suggest that ECM with pulsed current and oscillating tool cathode is an applicable technique for shaping rotor magnets. © European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neodymium alloys

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Media-based forming of micro-flow channels into thin sheet metal by electromagnetically driven tools 24

Media-based forming of micro-flow channels into thin sheet m...

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24th International ESAFORM Conference on Material forming, ESAFORM 2021

作者： Linnemann, Maik Scheffler, Christian Psyk, Verena Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technologies Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9782870193020

The use of high-speed forming technologies can contribute to satisfying current social and political demands on production technology such as sustainability and climate protection in manufacturing. These technologies have a very high potential for shaping complex, sharp-edged parts and constitute a key means of reducing a component's weight. One exemplary high-speed forming technology is electromagnetic forming. It uses the energy density of pulsed magnetic fields to impose forces on electrically conductive materials, which leads to plastic deformation when reaching the yield stress of the material. However, for very thin sheet materials this effect can result in an uncontrolled deformation of the work piece. In order to overcome this effect, electromagnetically driven tools the use of can be appropriate. An additional benefit is that this process is no longer restricted to electrically highly conductive work piece materials. This paper describes a media-based process using electromagnetically driven tools to form micro-flow channels, which are often used in bipolar plates, into thin sheet metals. The principles are explained and first results are shown. © ESAFORM 2021 - 24th Inter. Conf. on Mat. forming. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuel cells

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Concentric jet for confined mask-less anodic dissolution and oxidation of aluminium 23

Concentric jet for confined mask-less anodic dissolution and...

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23rd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2023

作者： Martin, André Quitzke, Susanne Morgenstern, Roy Schubert, Andreas Lampke, Thomas Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Materials and Surface Engineering Erfenschlager Str. 73 Chemnitz09125 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999132

Anodic oxide layers are established for wear and corrosion protection of surfaces of aluminium parts and for decoration purposes. Usually, anodizing is carried out in large scale on the whole part surface or locally by masking through immersion in an electrolytic bath. Applying a free jet of electrolyte offers laterally confined anodizing without extensive efforts for masking and enables local functionalization without undesired influence on the surrounding surfaces in a resource- and energy-efficient process. However, the high ohmic resistance of anodic oxides leads to a wide distribution of the current density hindering laterally confined anodizing. More sharp-contoured anodic oxides are aspired through dilution of the electrolyte film flowing off laterally from the aluminium surface. For this purpose, a concentric arrangement of an electrolyte jet surrounded by a jet of deionized water was realized. Investigations on the distribution of electric current density were carried out by electrochemical machining experiments (Jet-ECM). The application of an actively anodic dissolving electrolyte of NaCl indicates the widening of the current density distribution in terms of pitting corrosion. Compared to the free electrolyte jet surrounded by atmospheric air, a wider current density distribution was detected when applying a concentric jet of deionized water. But the shape of the dissolved cavities was not widened, which indicates only low current density values on the surrounding surface. Verification experiments on anodization confirm the comparably strong localization of anodic oxides with concentric jet and an increase in thickness compared to the results with free electrolytic jet. It was found that this is mainly because of the high ohmic resistance of the anodic oxide formed on the surrounding surface and its increasing resistance at farther lateral distance from the jet due to stronger electrolyte dilution. © 2023 Euspen Headquarters.

关键词： Electrolytes

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Modeling the Impact of Laser Powder Bed Fusion on Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets

Modeling the Impact of Laser Powder Bed Fusion on Nd-Fe-B Pe...

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Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Juliane Thielsch Florian Bittner Welf-Guntram Drossel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

Statistical modelling was successfully applied to Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets to identify the potential impact of different process parameters and their interactions on resulting magnetic properties. Process models for the magnetic properties coercivity H c , remanence J r as well as for the shape of the demagnetization curve are obtained. The model quality for H c is excellent (R 2 = 0.99). The model for J r only allows a rough statement on the impact of the LPBF process due to a weaker quality of the model (R 2 = 0.77). It will not be possible to maximize H c and J r of LPBF manufactured Nd-Fe-B magnets at the same time due to their contrary dependencies on different LPBF parameters. We have predicted an optimized parameter set with a resulting high H c of 816 kA/m and a maximized J r of 0.65 T. From these properties and the calculated shape of the demagnetization curve we predict a (BH) max of 60.77 kJ/m 3 for a magnet processed on a LPBF machine AconityMINI using MQP™-S powder.

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Efficient data acquisition for traceability and analytics 31

Efficient data acquisition for traceability and analytics

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31st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, LCE 2024

作者： Reinhardt, Heiner Mahdaviasl, Mahtab Prell, Bastian Mauersberger, Anton Klimant, Philipp Reiff-Stephan, Jörg Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 Wildau15745 Germany Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 Mittweida09648 Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01062 Germany

Implementing processes for traceability is required in various industries to assure product quality during manufacturing, provide evidence on required processing conditions or facilitate product recalls. Commonly, radio-frequency identification (RFID) or code recognition techniques (e.g. Data Matrix) are applied to track the flow of workpieces through a manufacturing system and link processing data accordingly. Although the analysis of tracking data is well-examined, we still see a gap in the research on the trade-off between data acquisition, data analytics and data quality. Here, we present a framework to increase the value of existing data by enabling data analytics while addressing common pitfalls and reducing the costs of data management. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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