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Demand-oriented barriers and potentials for remanufacturing in Vietnam

International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 2020年第2-4期4卷 336-349页

作者： Guidat, Thomas Wewer, Aleksandra Kohl, Holger Seliger, Günther Department of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Vietnamese German University Lê Lai Đinh Hoà Thů Dâu Môt Bình Dương Viet Nam Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany

Since the liberalisation of its economy, Vietnam has emerged as a key location for investment in workforce-intensive assembly processes operation, through an available and cheap workforce. Soaring national consumption levels for goods and services generate in turn unprecedented quantities of waste to be treated locally. In 2015, governmental decision 16/2015/QĐ-TTg set a basis for a national waste legislation for mechanical and electronic equipment goods. Remanufacturing is a non-destructive, industrial reuse strategy which aims at restoring products to original specifications by reusing a maximum number of original components in their current form. It has potential to provide Vietnam with an alternative to low value-added repair activities. As Vietnam is the fourth market for motorcycles in the world, this paper presents a case study about barriers and potentials for remanufacturing from the market and customer perspective. Potential solutions for supporting industrial development are suggested. © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Motorcycles

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Static and in-situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography analysis of pharmaceutical tablets

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International journal of pharmaceutics 2025年 681卷 125829页

作者： Christian Seim Javier Gerber Jussi-Petteri Suuronen Emely Bortel Bernd Küstner Lena Müller Jean Doucet Luiz Schweitzer Enni Mattern Peter Westenberger Timm Weitkamp Bernhard Hesse Xploraytion GmbH Invalidenstraße 34 10115 Berlin Germany. Merck KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Germany. Merck Life Science KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Germany. Novitom SAS 3 Avenue Doyen Louis Weil 38000 Grenoble France. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8 - 9 10587 Berlin Germany. Thermo Fisher Scientific Düsseldorf Germany. Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Départementale 128 91190 Saint-Aubin France.

Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms are designed to control drug release timing and location in the body, ranging from immediate-release to delayed-release formulations such as enteric-coated tablets. Ensuring content uniformity, consistent dissolution, and intact excipients is vital for their efficacy and safety. Manufacturing flaws-like defective coatings, cracks, or porosity-can compromise performance, making precise quality control essential. X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) enables non-destructive assessment of internal morphology, coating thickness, porosity, active ingredient distribution, and density. However, conventional laboratory µCT systems may lack the resolution, sensitivity, or speed required for advanced dynamic structural analysis. Synchrotron radiation-based µCT (SR-µCT) addresses these limitations, offering significant improvements in spatial resolution and temporal performance. This paper highlights the capabilities of SR-µCT for (i) high-throughput structural analysis and (ii) time-resolved monitoring of the dissolution of solid dosage forms. A commercially available pantoprazole tablet serves as a case study to demonstrate the tradeoff between resolution and field-of-view. Structural analysis of this pantoprazole tablet includes porosity and coating thickness quantification, as well as detection of morphological defects at different voxel sizes. Additionally, a newly developed flow-through chamber which allows liquid from a 100 ml reservoir to circulate and renew during measurements is presented for dynamic disintegration studies under sink conditions. Fast dynamic time-resolved SR-µCT analysis shows the disintegration speed of multicomponent placebo formulation compacted tablets at rapid µCT tomogram recording times of 5 s, while (high-resolution) time-resolved SR-µCT captures swelling in sustained-release formulations (Beloc Zok), API (size) distribution as well as API shape distribution.

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Pocket milling of composite fibre-reinforced polymer using industrial robot

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 85卷 183-188页

作者： Ever Grisol de Melo Tiago Borsoi Klein Sascha Reinkober Jefferson de Oliveira Gomes Eckart Uhlmann Department of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA) Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50 São José dos Campos 12228-900 Brazil Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

In the recent decades, aerospace and automotive industry are replacing metal materials by carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The mechanical properties of CFRP materials are very attractive due to high mechanical strength and low weight. However, there are technological challenges in the machining process for this type of material. The anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the CFRP cause high wear of the cutting tool, spalling, delamination, fuzzing, fibre pull-out, matrix cracking, thermal degradation and resulting in poor quality of the part. In addition, the requirement for processes that are more flexible within a larger work area makes the use of industrial robot (IR) a promising alternative. The present work evaluated the performance of the IR regarding motion accuracy, which influences machining conditions of composites. The trimming in a pocket milling was carried out using the factional replication of the 3k factorial design, with three levels and three factors. The tool geometry, feed rate fz and spindle speed n were selected as input parameters. In order to evaluate the robotic machining performance, resultant cutting force Fr, surface and dimensional quality were selected as output parameters to be assessed. After obtaining the force results, equations were generated for each cutting tools and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied. The results show that the use of IR is a promising alternative for the CFRP machining of large aeronautical components.

关键词： carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) industrial robot (IR) machining process high speed cutting (HSC)

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Smart Maintenance – dynamic model-based instructions for service operations

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 81卷 1417-1422页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann David Franke Eckhard Hohwieler Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Systems an Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin – Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

Due to the increased complexity of machines and plants service technicians have to be more trained to be able to maintain them. In many service operations it is still common to use simple service manuals like checklists. With the strong growth of the information and communication technology it is possible to create interactive and context-sensitive tools to support service technicians during operations. One problem is that these tasks are always in change by new knowledge. To solve this issue a model-based engine is being developed to dynamically generate instruction-tools for service operations for direct machine communication.

关键词： service assistance system human-machine-interaction maintenance model-based

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Manufacturing and replication of sub-10 μm micro-bowls for biomedical sensor systems 18

Manufacturing and replication of sub-10 μm micro-bowls for ...

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18th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2018

作者： Uhlmann, E. Hein, C. Polte, M. Polte, J. Dähne, L. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Surflay Nanotec GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775121

The technical implementation of a novel biosensor for the highly parallelized screening of biochemical binding reactions depends on the manufacturing of an array of micro-bowls with a diameter dB ≤ 10 μm with an aspect ratio ar ≥ 1. Since the operating principle of the biosensor is based on the stimulation of stationary optical waves in micro-spheres, micro-bowls for the immobilisation of these spheres in a microfluidic environment are necessary. Due to this operating principle, the micro-bowls need to separate the spheres from the fluid flow and ensure the careful adherence of single spheres, coincidently. Moreover, the pathway for the optical accessibility of the micro spheres should be unrestricted. This work presents a process chain for the manufacturing of microfluidic chips with an array of n ≥ 1,000 micro-spheres by ultra-precision milling of mold inserts, the replication by precision injection molding as well as experimental trial results. With regard to manufacturing of the mold inserts, the uniform and burr free ultraprecision milling of large aspect ratio micro posts was investigated within a parametric study. Furthermore, the replication of the micro-bowls was examined by taking the consistent replication of the entire bowl array, the adverse formation of fillets, and the replication of surfaces with optical functions into special account. By the analysis of the microfluidic and optical properties of the replicated structures, the correlation between mold manufacturing, replication, and operating conditions can be performed. © 2018 CURRAN-CONFERENCE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biosensor Injection molding Micro-bowl Ultraprecision milling

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Notch impact toughness of laser beam welded thick sheets of cryogenic nickel alloyed steel X8Ni9

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 94卷 627-631页

作者： S. Gook S. Krieger A. Gumenyuk A.M. El-Batahgy M. Rethmeier Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany Central Metallurgical R & D Institute CMRDI P. O. Box: 87 Helwan El-Tabbin Cairo Egypt Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb IWF Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany

The paper deals with the investigations of the impact toughness of laser beam welded 14.5 mm thick sheets made of cryogenic steel X8Ni9 as a function of preheating. This 9% nickel alloyed steel is widely used in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry. An application of highly efficient welding processes such as high-power laser beam welding (LBW) in LNG sector requires an understanding of the interactions between the LBW process parameters and weld properties, in particular the impact toughness. The results show that the original fine-grained martensitic microstructure of the base metal (BM) is significantly changed by melting and crystallization during the LBW, what can lead to a decrease in the impact toughness of the weld metal (WM) below the required level. An optimal preheating temperature range leads to the favorable thermal welding cycle and is of remarkable importance for maintaining the notch impact toughness of laser beam welded joints of these thick steel sheets. A parameter window was identified in which V-notch impact toughness comparable to that of the BM at -196 °C was achieved.

关键词： cryogenic steel laser beam welding preheating welding thermal cycle microstructure hardness V-notch impact toughness

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design alternatives for internationally distributed learning factories in global production engineering

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 45卷 392-397页

作者： Bastian C. Schumacher Anja Steinbach Nguyen H. Vi Ahmet Yükseltürk Holger Kohl Jörg Krüger Huy Nguyen Quoc Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Sustainable Corporate Development Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Industrial Automation Technology Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany Vietnamese-German University Le lai Binh Duong New city Vietnam Turkish-German University Sahinkaya Cd. No: 108 34820 Istanbul Turkey Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

An internationally distributed learning factory (IDLF) provides opportunities to make students aware of intercultural challenges in global production networks. An IDLF is a scalable network of learning factories with value creation processes in spatially distributed locations. It enables collaboration and competition between student groups in distant locations and considers manual and automatic process methods. Due to the high number of design alternatives for IDLFs, a systematic approach for describing attractive characteristics is required. This paper shows design alternatives for IDLFs structural and process organization on the example of learning factories in Germany, Turkey and Vietnam.

关键词： learning factory design alternatives intercultural international

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Improvement of Defect Detectability in Machine Tools Using Sensor-based Condition Monitoring Applications

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 67卷 325-331页

作者： Giulio DEmilia Antonella Gaspari Eckhard Hohwieler Abdelhakim Laghmouchi Eckart Uhlmann University of LAquila via G. Gronchi 18 LAquila 67100 Italy Fraunhofer IPK-Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology 8-9 PascalStrae Berlin Germany 10587

The aim of this paper is to present a reliable methodology for condition monitoring of components of high performance centerless grinding machines. This enables the detection and localization of the defects on the ball screw. The fault detection is realized using a self-implemented classification algorithm and other pattern recognition algorithms. The diagnosis is based on acceleration and AE measurement data performed on an axis test rig using various damaged ball screws at different operating parameters. Moreover, the structure of the pattern recognition process will be introduced, this includes the signal pre-processing, the selection of the most suitable features for this specific application using MATLAB®. Finally, the evaluation of the developed solution will be showed. The actions allowing improving the accuracy of measurement data and the effectiveness of the processing algorithms, based on MATLAB® applications, are described throughout the paper. Satisfactory classification results will be obtained and discussed.

关键词： Condition monitoring Measurement uncertainty Acoustic emission Vibration Grinding

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Intuitive robot programming through environment perception, augmented reality simulation and automated program verification

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 76卷 161-166页

作者： Jonas Wassermann Axel Vick Jörg Krüger Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstrasse 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrae 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

The increasing complexity of products and machines as well as short production cycles with small lot sizes present great challenges to production industry. Both, the programming of industrial robots in online mode using hand-held control devices or in offline mode using text-based programming requires specific knowledge of robotics and manufacturer-dependent robot control systems. In particular for small and medium-sized enterprises the machine control software needs to be easy, intuitive and usable without time-consuming learning steps, even for employees with no in-depth knowledge of information technology. To simplify the programming of application programs for industrial robots, we extended a cloud-based, task-oriented robot control system with environment perception and plausibility check functions. For the environment perception a depth camera and pointcloud processing hardware were installed. We detect objects located in the robot’s workspace by pointcloud processing with ROS and the PCL and add them to the augmented reality user interface of the robot control. The combination of process knowledge from task-oriented application programming and information about available workpieces from automated image processing enables a plausibility check and verification of the robot program before execution. After a robot program has been approved by the plausibility check, it is tested in an augmented reality simulation for collisions with the detected objects before deployment to the physical robot hardware. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed extensions and confirmed their functionality.

关键词： Industrial Robotics Robot Programming Augmented Reality

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Safe human robot collaboration — Operation area segmentation for dynamic adjustable distance monitoring

Safe human robot collaboration — Operation area segmentatio...

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR)

作者： Martin J. Rosenstrauch Jörg Krüger Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Fraunhofer IPK Berlin Germany Technische Universitat Berlin Berlin Berlin DE

A core challenge of human robot collaboration is to ensure safety. By renouncing guards potential hazards raise. In this paper an approach is presented where the actual used operating area of an industrial robot gets segmented out of his whole workspace. Therefore an industrial robot gets monitored with a time of flight sensor. Subsequently the recorded 3D data gets processed and the operating area segmented by applying an octree algorithm. The information thus determined about the hazard zone can be used for an application specific adjustment of safety periphery systems. This is exemplary realized by ultrasound distance sensor modules which get individually parametrized depending on the pre-segmented operating area.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Service robots Robot kinematics Monitoring Safety Three-dimensional displays

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