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Evolving Roles in systems Engineering —- Insights from Germany's Mechanical and Plant Engineering Sector

INCOSE International Symposium 2024年第1期34卷 1413-1428页

作者： Kaiser, Lydia Wilke, Daria Förster, Felix Köhler, Ingmarie Dumitrescu, Roman Technische Universität Berlin and Einstein Center Digital Future Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Research Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design IEM Paderborn Germany Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Smart Engineering and Machine Elements Hamburg Germany Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

systems Engineering is developing differently in each sector and region. In German industry, especially in mechanical and plant engineering, systems Engineering is of major importance. The introduction of systems Engineering raises the question of which roles and competencies are required. This article examines the evolution of roles in systems Engineering from a German perspective. Based on a literature review, the evolution of the identified systems Engineering roles over time is shown, starting with the seminal publication by Sheard in 1996. It points out that only minimal adjustments and occasional role renaming have occurred. However, the review shows a common understanding of essential areas of responsibility within the SE and changes over time. The next step is to examine the current understanding of systems Engineering roles in the industry. A quantitative analysis of job postings in Germany reveals a diverse interpretation of the term 'systems Engineer;more than half of the positions cannot be categorized according to the INCOSE definitions. The job postings are used to determine which tasks are associated with the job, how often they occur, and in what combination. The primary responsibilities of systems engineers include creating and managing requirements, architecture processes, validation, and verification processes, and coordinating with customers and stakeholders. Finally, three representative companies from the mechanical and plant engineering sector were selected to analyze existing roles and tasks. From this, a common understanding of tasks and responsibilities is combined and organized into clusters. These are used by the companies to locate and thus derive their roles. The result is in an integrative approach that enables companies, especially in the midsize and medium sectors, to design the introduction in line with stakeholder demands. In summary, the industry's ongoing adaptation necessitates the evolution of systems Engineering roles and comp

关键词： systems Engineering Roles German Industry Role Evolution Competencies Job postings Literature Review

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Integrated Consideration of Data Flows and Life Cycle Assessment in Vehicle Dismantling processes 31

Integrated Consideration of Data Flows and Life Cycle Assess...

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31st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, LCE 2024

作者： Mügge, Janine Seegrün, Anne Faßbender, Lynn Riedelsheimer, Theresa Staufenbiel, Philip Lindow, Kai Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany LRP-Autorecycling Leipzig GmbH Priesterstraße 6 Krostitz04509 Germany

The pursuit of environmental sustainability and resource conservation has underscored the growing significance of the circular economy paradigm across industries. This transformation is particularly pertinent within the automotive industry, necessitating a profound restructuring of the value chain, with a specific focus on end-of-life considerations. Significant potential for circular economy arises from the thorough examination of end-of-life vehicles and processes, involving strategies such as component reuse, material recycling and primary resource reduction. Providing process-, product-, component-, and material-specific information at the end-of-life of automotive vehicles can improve decision-making regarding circular strategies. It also demands for new digital solutions. This paper addresses an integrated approach of data flow analysis and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to enable a comprehensive monitoring of the environmental impact of these processes. First, the use case of end-of-life dismantling processes is presented - including pyrotechnics neutralization, vehicle dehydration, disassembly of reuse components as well as vehicle compaction. Secondly, the data demand respective information and material flows is depicted. As a main result, the LCA data flow model specifically tailored to the end-of-life vehicle dismantling processes is described. This model serves as a fundamental basis for analyzing the environmental impact of end-of-life processes combined with the underlying data flow. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Planning of Time-Efficient Trajectories for Mobile Robots with Differential-Drives

Planning of Time-Efficient Trajectories for Mobile Robots wi...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Philipp Lelidis Axel Vick Production Machinery and Equipment Management Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany Process Automation and Robotics Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350361230

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361247

To effectively utilize the capacities of the production facilities, flexible and fast transport, and manipulation technology is essential. Current path planning methods use simple paths without exploiting the physical limitations of mobile robots. This paper deals with the time-efficient kinematic planning of path and velocity trajectories for autonomous mobile robots equipped with a differential-drive, used to load and unload machine tools. For a close parking position next to the machine tools, the mobile robot must approach practically straight without the necessity of turning at the end. After a brief definition of the kinematics of a mobile robot with nonholonomic constraints, a Bezier-curve is combined with multiple jerk-limited velocity trajectories considering the initial and final state as well as the physical limitations. For a time-efficient acceleration and deceleration the maximum acceleration of the mobile robot is used and differentiated into the radial and tangential acceleration. This allows a quickly reached close parking pose next to a machine tool. The algorithm is tested with simulations in RVIZ in combination with Gazebo and ROS2 as well as with the real mobile robot Tend-o-Bot.

关键词： Kinematics Turning Production facilities Trajectory Planning Machine tools Mobile robots Manufacturing automation Load modeling Autonomous robots

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Interoperability Challenges and Solutions within Industrial Networks

Interoperability Challenges and Solutions within Industrial ...

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2022 Interoperability for Enterprise systems and Applications Workshops, I-ESA Workshops 2022

作者： Jaekel, Frank-Walter Knothe, Thomas Fraunhofer Institute Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr. 8-9 BerlinD-10587 Germany

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ABRASIVE PROPERTIES OF MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS FOR IMMERSED TUMBLING PROCESSES 38

ABRASIVE PROPERTIES OF MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS FOR IMMERS...

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38th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision Engineering, ASPE 2023

作者： Sordon, Fabian Ludwig, Jonas Schreiner, Valentin Hocke, Toni Uhlmann, Eckart Maas, Jürgen Mechatronic Systems Lab EMK Technische Universität Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781887706599

Micro-milling tools, widely used in industrial environments for manufacturing micro- and precision components, experience premature tool failure primarily due to cutting edge wear. In immersed tumbling processes, the cutting edges can be post-processed to gain homogeneous edge radii and reduce the tool wear. However, immersed tumbling processes exhibit limitations in the adjustability of the cutting edge geometry as well as difficulties in the directed processing of main and secondary cutting edges. Therefore, a novel immersed tumbling process using magnetorheological fluids (MRF) is investigated to enable a directed processing method in an applied magnetic field. The focus of this work is to identify a suitable composition of the MRF for an increased abrasive effect on high-speed steels. For this purpose, variously composed MRF samples are blended with abrasive particles and then examined using a custom-designed test bench that replicates the immersed tumbling process. The material removal rate on high-speed steel specimens is determined by optical analysis of the edge rounding of the samples before and after the abrasive process in order to find an optimized abrasive MRF composition with the highest material removal rate on high-speed steels. © 2023 Proceedings - ASPE 2023 Annual Meeting. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetorheological fluids

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Field demonstration of commercial PONs for edge-cloud-based industrial scenarios: requirements, use cases, and proofs of concept

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 2025年第7期17卷 590-600页

作者： Massimiliano Sica Behnam Shariati Hagen Hosl David Przewozny Sonke C. Niemann Moritz Chemnitz Paul Chojecki Johannes K. Fischer Ronald Freund Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Einsteinufer 37 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Industrial networks and edge-cloud integration in manufacturing processes have gained significant attention due to the evolving requirements of Industry 4.0. Key demands include data-driven network management, multi-service support, and low-latency, high-bandwidth communications, all essential for the industry’s future. Standardization groups like the European Telecommunications and Standardization institute (ETSI) and several other research groups are working to quantify the requirements that industrial networks must meet to support Industry 4.0 applications. This study implements two ETSI use cases: Edge-Cloud-based Visual Inspection for Automatic Quality Assessment in Production and Edge-Cloud-based Control of Automated Guided Vehicles. We experimentally validate the performance of the use cases by employing a physical testbed for edge-cloud-enabled manufacturing based on ETSI recommendations. We present a passive optical network testbed that connects multiple manufacturing floors to an edge-cloud for management, orchestration, and control. Our implementation features nanosecond-scale synchronization using precision time protocol, real-time network and energy monitoring for ubiquitous visibility, and multi-service capabilities through network slicing.

关键词： Manufacturing Real-time systems Fourth Industrial Revolution Monitoring Floors Network slicing Passive optical networks Industries Protocols Cloud computing

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High Resolution 2D-/3D-Scanning and Deep Learning Segmentation for Digitization of Fragmented Wall Paintings

High Resolution 2D-/3D-Scanning and Deep Learning Segmentati...

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2023 Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2023

作者： Kroeger, O. Krumpek, O. Koch, P. Pape, M. Schneider, J. Krueger, J. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Technische Universität Berlin Germany MFB MusterFabrik Berlin GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783038682172

The preservation and study of mural wall paintings often involve the collection of numerous fragments with unknown context. In this paper the authors present a case study involving a Roman wall painting discovered in 2013 at the European Cultural Park Bliesbruck-Reinheim. The objective of this work was to develop a semi-automated assistance system for the digitization, visualization, and digital repositioning of the Roman wall painting fragments. Therefore an easy-to-use scanner system was developed, that captures high-resolution 2D images of the front and back surfaces of the fragments, along with a height map of the backside. The contributing partners also developed a control and operating software for the scanner, as well as an automated software platform for visualization and repositioning of the digital fragments. The contributions of this paper include the introduction of a ML-based algorithm for background subtraction and segmentation of the front surface of the fragments. The technical realisation for fast and accurate image acquisition of the fragments, including sensor registration and high-resolution capture, has been worked out. The system calibration process, hardware setup and data correction techniques are described in detail. Additionally, the challenges of pixel-wise image segmentation for distinguishing between background, inner contour (wall painting), and outer contour (fragment surface without painting) are discussed. Our proposed approach overcomes the limitations of training ML algorithms on high-resolution images by employing patch-wise training and leveraging small features instead of large-scale features. The digitization and segmentation process demonstrated promising results in preserving and reconstructing the roman wall painting fragments. The findings of this study contribute to the field of cultural heritage preservation and provide valuable insights as the developed equipment and methods are highly transferable to future digitization

关键词： Image segmentation

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Requirements for an AI driven Extended Reality assistance system for assembly tasks

Requirements for an AI driven Extended Reality assistance sy...

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Virtual Reality (ICVR), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Kathrin Konkol Hannah Reusing Extended Reality Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350364231

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364248

Nine qualitative expert interviews were conducted to assess the requirements for an intelligent assistance system for virtual assembly in extended reality applications. The research interest lies in understanding current industry and research needs for assistance features of AR, VR, and MR applications that support manual assembly tasks. Additionally, the use of artificial intelligence as a supporting technology was investigated. We gathered expert opinions on relevant features and grouped them into seven categories: Augmentation of information in-situ, identification of components, provision of data, analysis of user action, analysis of environment, optimization of processes, and Usability improvements. The experts feedback on the concept of a software demonstrator was collected and structured. The research shows a need for adaptive assistance systems that are capable of categorizing the user’s actions and intent in order to assist efficiently.

关键词： Industries Data analysis Extended reality Manuals Software Artificial intelligence Usability Interviews Assembly Optimization

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Semi-automatic process control for efficient refurbishment of turbine blades 23

Semi-automatic process control for efficient refurbishment o...

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23rd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2023

作者： Uhlmann, E. Polte, J. Mühlich, C. Mönchinger, S. Ebrahimi, P. Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Gestalt Robotics GmbH Germany Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999132

The refurbishment of turbine blades requires the precise removal of damaged surface coatings. In manufacturing companies, this usually involves time-consuming activities such as detecting residual coatings and adapting process settings to varying turbine blade geometries. The use of automated systems therefore opens up opportunities to improve the efficiency of turbine blade refurbishment processes by replacing manual tasks. This paper presents an conceptual approach for a semi-automatic decoating process of turbine blades that integrates abrasive blasting technology into a closed loop process control system. The experimental setup consists of a robot for guiding the turbine blade in a blast machine and a nozzle system for local removal of residual coatings using abrasive material. Based on image processing the residual coatings of a turbine blade are labeled by a neural network and mapped to a 3D model of the turbine blade, which is used by a software control system to coordinate the decoating process. Using a prototype setup this paper investigates the applicability of the proposed approach and evaluates its feasibility. © 2023 Euspen Headquarters.

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Laser beam welding of additive manufactured components: Applicability of existing valuation regulations

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Welding and Cutting 2022年第2期21卷 109-113页

作者： Jokisch, Torsten Gook, Sergej Marko, Angelina Üstündağ, Ömer Gumenyuk, Andrey Rethmeier, Michael Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Berlin Germany

With additive manufacturing in the powder bed, the component size is limited by the installation space. Joint welding of additively manufactured parts offers a possibility to remove this size limitation. However, due to the specific stress and microstructure state in the additively built material, it is unclear to what ex-tent existing evaluation rules of joint welding are also suitable for welds on additive components. This is in-vestigated using laser beam welding of additively manufactured pipe joints. The welds are evaluated by means of visual inspection, metallographic examina-tions as well as computed tomography. The types of defects found are comparable to conventional com-ponents. This is an indicator that existing evaluation regulations also map the possible defects occurring for weld seams on additive components. © 2022, DVS Media GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Welds

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