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16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016

作者： Uhlmann, E. Kühne, S. Jagodzinski, M. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679086

The manufacturing of discontinuous micro-optical structures in the submicron range by shaping processes places high demands on the accuracy and reproducibility. With diffractive optical elements (DOE), the requirements can be in the nanometre range. Lithographic and mechanical procedures compete to achieve these requirements with a high variety of shapes. The mechanical production by ultra-precision machining (UPM) allows higher degrees of freedom and the manufacturing of optics with a higher efficiency. By comparison, lithographic processes ensure a reproducible accuracy. To eliminate this disadvantage, a further development of machine technology and process technology is necessary. For the mechanical production of planar diffractive optical structures, galvanic gold is an established material. In order to achieve the same results in structuring free-form surfaces on 5- Axis machines, the machine kinematics and the tool guide have to be reconsidered. The lower the number of axes involved, the higher is the achievable accuracy. However, this reduction leads to variable rake angles and thus to variable chipping conditions in the sagittal plane. In particular, high process forces due to negative rake angles are suspected to cause profile deformations. Therefore, the influence of the varying conditions on the surfaces in the production of discontinuous micro-optical structures (blazed gratings) was investigated. Process forces, roughness, profile shape and tool wear were considered to understand the interactions and the development process. The studied structures have a height of less than 100 nm. Since the manufacturing of diffractive optics requires very large processing times, the wear is of major importance. Due to the manufacturing process the wear takes on a specific form. It has been shown that the tool guidance has a huge impact on the results.

关键词： Manufacture

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Let's do this together: Bi-Manu-Interact, a novel device for studying human haptic interactive behavior

Let's do this together: Bi-Manu-Interact, a novel device for...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： Ekaterina Ivanova Axel Krause Marie Schälicke Franziska Schellhardt Natalie Jankowski Josy Achner Henning Schmidt Michael Joebges Jörg Krüger Rehabilitation Robotics Group Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Brandenburg Klinik Bernau Germany Rehabilitation Robotics Group Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

Our area of interest is robotic-based rehabilitation after stroke, and our goal is to help patients achieve optimal motor learning during high-intensity repetitive movement training through the assistance of robots. It is important, that the robotic assistance is adapted to the patients' abilities, thereby ensuring that the device is only supporting the patient as necessary (“assist-as-needed”). We hypothesize that natural and learning-effective human-machine interaction can be achieved by programming the robot's control, so that it emulates how a physiotherapist adaptively supports the patients' limb movement during stroke rehabilitation. This paper introduces the design of a novel interactive device Bi-Manu-Interact. This device is suited to be used as an experimental setup for the investigation of haptic human-human interaction and for collecting data to model therapists' haptic behavior. In this paper, we present mechanical and sensory specifications as well as tasks visualizations for future investigations. Results of a pilot clinical evaluation of the Bi-Manu-Interact with nine stroke patients are also presented in this work.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Performance evaluation Medical treatment Sensors Rehabilitation robotics Training

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Surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features for machine components fabricated by a combination of TiN-physical vapour deposition and a specific subsequent galvanic process 16

Surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features...

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16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016

作者： Uhlmann, E. Oberschmidt, D. Frenzel, S. Polte, J. Matthiesen, J. Böge, M. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany HoloDimensions GmbH Germany Gebr. Böge Metallveredelungs GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679086

Based on a combined plasma based and galvanic process, an ultra-hard surface structure embossing tool will be developed to stamp holographic design features for example in embossing roller for the print and packaging industry as well as dies for striking coins or machine components. The multilayer bond, respectively the mutual multilayer adhesion is investigated, discussed and supported by parameter studies and evaluated by adhesive tape tests. Comparative investigations pertaining to surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features are carried out using arc evaporative physical vapour deposition (PVD) and magnetron sputtering. The physically deposited titanium nitride(TiN)-layers are compared by their particular layer composition quality, deposition rate N and layer adhesion. In summary, holographic structures can be replicated in hard coatings with high surface reproduction accuracy. In comparison to the Arc-PVD process, the highest accuracy can be reached by magnetron sputtering.

关键词： Titanium nitride

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Unified Information Access in Product Creation with an Integrated Control Desk

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017年第1期212卷

作者： Kevin Wrasse Holger Diener Haygazun Hayka Rainer Stark Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD Rostock Germany Technical University Berlin Germany

Customers demand for individualized products leads to a large variety of different products in small series and single-unit production. A high flexibility pressure in product creation is one result of this trend. In order to counteract the pressure, the information steadily increasing by Industry 4.0 must be made available at the workplace. Additionally, a better exchange of information between product development, production planning and production is necessary. The improvement of individual systems, like CAD, PDM, ERP and MES, can only achieve this to a limited extent. Since they mostly use systems from different manufacturers, the necessary deeper integration of information is only feasible for SMEs to a limited extend. The presented control desk helps to ensure a more flexible product creation as well as information exchange. It captures information from different IT systems in the production process and presents them integrated, task-oriented and oriented to the user's mental model, e.g. information of the production combined with the 3D model of product parts, or information about product development on the 3D model of the production. The solution is a digital 3D model of the manufacturing environment, which is enriched by billboards for a quick information overview and web service windows to access detailed MES and PDM information. By this, the level of abstraction can be reduced and reacts to changed requirements in the short term, making informed decisions. The interaction with the control stands utilizes the touch skills of mobile and fixed systems such as smartphones, tablets and multitouch tables.

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Two steps to it transparency: A practitioner's approach for a knowledge based analysis of existing it landscapes in SME 19

Two steps to it transparency: A practitioner's approach for ...

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19th Conference on Communities in New Media: Knowledge Communities in Online Education and Visual Knowledge Management Conference, GeNeMe 2016, as part of IFKAD 2016

作者： Kohl, Holger Orth, Ronald Haunschild, Johanna Schmieg, Hans Georg Technische Universität Berlin Department Sustainable Corporate Development BerlinD-10623 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Department Business Excellence Methods Division Corporate Management BerlinD-10587 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783959081443

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show how knowledge intensive information technology (IT) applications within an organisation can be identified and analysed to achieve two corporate goals: First, an optimisation of the corporate IT landscape that avoids inefficiencies or redundancies. Second the implementation of a knowledge management (KM) system that is aligned with the corporate IT infrastructure. design/methodology/approach - Methodically, the approach can be described as a practical two-step procedure. In the first step the knowledge intensive IT systems are identified through a questionnaire that is performed in the IT department of the organisation. Based on the expertise of the IT management adequate information concerning benefits and utilization of the applications and the description of technical conditions can be determined. On the basis of the work of the first step, selected user groups (key-user, admin-user, heads of departments, etc.) are surveyed on a broader base through semi-structured interviews. The focus here is to determine the application within its processes and to identify the importance in the fulfilment of the daily tasks as well as the capabilities in knowledge management. Therefore the survey covers the main questions regarding the classification of KM and provides a solid foundation for optimisations regarding the IT infrastructure. The two-step approach also provides the flexibility to identify future processes concerning an appropriate KM system and to identify practical adaptions of the existing IT landscape. Originality/value - The suggestion of a newly developed method to identify and assess knowledge intensive IT systems - what includes hard- and software - within an organisation. The results of the method can be used to develop recommendations to improve the conceivably of already existing KM or to originate an organisational KM as well as to enhance the existing IT landscape. This includes in particular the considerati

关键词： Surveys

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Resource Optimized Product design – Assessment of a Product's Life Cycle Resource Efficiency by Combining LCA and PLM in the Product Development

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 57卷 669-673页

作者： Nathanael Ko Roberta Graf Tom Buchert Marcus Kim Daniel Wehner Department Life Cycle Engineering (GaBi) Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP) Wankelstraße 5 70563 Stuttgart Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Decisions in the product design phase have a significant influence on the resource demand of a product over its entire life cycle. However, relationships between decisions made in the design phase and the life cycle are difficult to evaluate and express. Hence, resource efficiency is typically only assessed after the product has already been designed and gone into production. If the impacts of decisions made in the design phase are neglected a considerable potential for saving resources is ignored. The aim of the presented work is to make use of this potential. Therefore the determination of the connections between design decisions and resource demand in the manufacturing, use and end of life phase is essential. Mapping these connections and the use of LCA methods allows for the expression of the overall resource demand as a function of the product's design. With this information at hand a design engineer is able to evaluate a design early enough i.e. before going into production. The provided approach results in an integration of an LCA tool into the engineering workplace consisting of a PLM and a CAD system. It aims for significantly more resource efficient products by partially automated creation and evaluation of alternative product designs. Therefore, design engineers are enabled to develop products with an enhanced resource efficiency over the entire product lifecycle.

关键词： Resource efficiency Product design Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Product Life cycle Management (PLM) CAD

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Integrated Evaluation System for the Strategic Management of Innovation Initiatives in Manufacturing Industries

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 40卷 335-340页

作者： H. Kohl R. Orth O. Riebartsch F. Hecklau Department Sustainable Corporate Development Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany Department for Corporate Management Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) 10587 Berlin Germany

The innovation capability of industrial organizations is an essential prerequisite to stay ahead of the global competition by adapting flexible to the rapidly changing customer requirements. However, the success of innovation initiatives is often at risk, due to short-sighted, unsystematic planning-, implementation- and evaluation activities. For this purpose an integrated evaluation approach has been developed by fraunhofer ipk to manage the lifecycle of an innovation initiative in terms of implementation progress and operational performance in a sustainable way. The Evaluation System follows a multi-perspective approach that involves internal and external stakeholders by applying a combination of evaluation instruments including key performance indicators, self-assessment- and audit procedures as well as monitoring- and reporting tools. As a main output of the Evaluation System, specific improvement suggestions and action plans can be derived to react agile on potential challenges.

关键词： Evaluation Integrated Management System Innovation Sustainability Manufacturing Industries

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Situation Adapted Field Service Support Using Business Process Models and ICT Based Human-Machine-Interaction

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 47卷 240-245页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Claudio Geisert Niels Raue Christian Gabriel Fraunhofer Institute for Productions Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8 – 9 10587 Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University Berlin Pascalstraße 8 – 9 10587 Berlin Germany

The use of conventional service manuals is still common among service technicians during on-site support. If problems occur during the service process, service technicians have to analyze the situation and react accordingly. Problem analysis is subject to uncertainty in time, because the optimal course of action strongly depends on the current situation. Therefore, intelligent situation adapted support is needed to replace static guidance. This article describes a concept for the generation of interactive and situation adapted service instructions that are dynamically derived from a service process model. After a brief introduction to on-site service support, the article describes in detail how service processes can be modelled by using the method of Integrated Enterprise Modeling (IEM). Subsequently, it shows how and in which phases automated test routines can be used to support the service process, followed by a critical discussion of possible information and communication technology (ICT) architectures to implement human-machine-interaction. The concept includes an ICT-based approach for human-machine-interaction to trigger test routines on the machine to receive information about the condition of the machine. For Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPS 2 ), the presented approach offers several benefits compared to existing approaches. These include the ability of tracking and influencing service processes as well as the simple adaption of new IPS 2 modules in case of changing business models or customer requirements. The article concludes giving a specific scenario and an outlook on future research to be done.

关键词： Service Diagnosis Human-Machine-Interaction ICT Industrial Product-Service Systems

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Automated Dressing of Graphite Electrodes for Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of Seal Slots in Turbine Components

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Procedia Manufacturing 2016年 6卷 45-52页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann David C. Domingos Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstrasse 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

The die-sinking EDM is applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of seal slots in blades and in structural components made of nickel-base alloys, normally applying graphite electrodes. The objective of this work was the development of a technology to dress the graphite electrodes inside the EDM machine tool, with the aim of rebuilding the original shape of the worn electrodes between EDM cycles. The milestones consisted on (I) understanding the wear behavior of the electrodes while machining the slots, (II) the development of the dressing technology applying the DoE-method and determination of statistically high influencing parameters, and finally (III) the integration of the dressing technology into the process chain.

关键词： die-sinking EDM dressing of electrodes nickel-base alloy turbine components process automation.

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Benefits of a Learning Factory in the Context of Lean Management for the Pharmaceutical Industry

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 54卷 31-34页

作者： Christoffer Rybski Roland Jochem Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstr.8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

The past has shown that the successful implementation of lean in organizations needs employees with sufficient knowledge about methods and principles of lean management. The mediation of these skills during the ongoing production is known as a more efficient concept than other approaches. Consequences could be an additional cost and time pressure. Therefore the fraunhofer ipk and TU Berlin have developed a training concept, together with a German pharmaceutical company, which makes it possible for the employees to acquire the new knowledge under real conditions and without disruption of production. The paper introduces this concept of a “Lean Factory” for pharmacy.

关键词： Learning Factories Lean Management Pharmacy Lean Production Production System

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