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作者： Markus Rabe Frank-walter Jaekel Heiko Weinaug Corporate Management Division Fraunhofer Institute of Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405015

Today more and more essential processes are conducted across enterprise borders, inducing additional challenges in terms of different languages, process types and ontology. Business process modelling (BPM) and Simulation are well-understood methods to analyze and optimize the processes within an enterprise. However, they can also be used for cross-organizational application, especially if they are combined with reference structures. This paper explains techniques which support cross-enterprise design and configuration based on Reference Models. Thereby, different approaches such as SCOR, the integrated enterprise modelling (IEM) and a specific distributed simulation method are used and integrated into a consistent reference model approach. The application of this approach is illustrated with different projects which each focus on a specific aspect of the supply chain design and configuration

关键词： Supply chains Object oriented modeling Supply chain management Manufacturing Analytical models Finance Instruments Logistics Management training technology management

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Accuracy analysis of cavities for cochlea implants milled conventionally and manually with navigated control

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International Congress Series 2005年 1281卷 553-558页

作者： Strauss, M. Olze, H. Lueth, T.C. BCMM Berlin Center for Mechatronical Medical Devices Medical Faculty Charité-Humboldt Univeristy Berlin Germany Medical Faculty Charité Humboldt University Berlin Campus Virchow Germany IPK Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

A new experimental support system for milling cavities for cochlear implants is proposed. In contrast to assisting the milling task by drilling jigs, image-based navigation systems or robots, the approach of "Navigated Control" features a supervision of the power of the user controlled instrument. The main feature is the decrease of the power of an active instrument depending on the location of this instrument relative to a planned volume. A first experiment to determine the accuracy of the system in contrast to conventional manual milling is presented. The accuracy of the manual milling with "Navigated Control" was at 0.2 ± 0.2 mm compared to the lower accuracy of the conventional manual milling without "Navigated Control" at 0.8 ± 0.2 mm. The results are discussed. © 2005 CARS and Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Accuracy Cochlea implant Freehand milling Navigated control

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A new mobile and light-weight navigation system for interventional radiology

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International Congress Series 2005年 1281卷 412-417页

作者： Tiesenhausen, Cyrill V. Weber, Stefan Hoffmann, Karl-Titus Lueth, Tim C. BCMM-Berlin Center for Mechatronical Medical Devices Germany Medical Faculty Charité-Humboldt University Berlin Germany Department of Maxillofacial Surgery-Clinical Navigation and Robotics Germany IPK-Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany Department of Radiology at Campus Virchow Germany

In interventional pain therapy, the goal is to place a needle near spinal nerves in order to locally apply pharmaceutical substances. We propose a navigation system that consists only of a small tablet PC, a navigation camera and trackers. The system is small, light-weighted, cost-effective and easy to setup. It allows for ergonomic work outside of the gantry and provides guidance even when the trajectory is oblique to the acquired CT slices. The system was tested in a clinical environment using a plastic vertebra as spine phantom. Two spots (Beekley) were attached as target points. The vertebra was embedded in wax gel which mimics the properties of skin and tissue. Four artificial landmarks were attached to the wax surface for point-to-point registration. During the intervention, the position of the needle was displayed in the image data. When the axis of the needle hit the target, it was displayed green, else red. With a 100-mm needle, the distance between the needle tip and the target point was below 5 mm. The integration of the system into the clinical workflow posed no problems. Setup time of the system included connecting the camera to the system took less than 2 min. © 2005 CARS and Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Computer assisted radiology CT-guided therapy Navigation Pain therapy

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Interpreter based model check for distribution networks

Interpreter based model check for distribution networks

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： A. Lisounkin A. Sabov G. Schreck Fraunhofer Institute of Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

The main issue of this paper is the model check for distribution networks based on formal methods. The network modelling is performed by means of an XML-based language. The modelling language was developed in order to make use of the advantages of the XML technologies for the parsing of model descriptions and the model processing. Moreover, methods for model verification based on XML Schema mechanisms as well as by means of a formal interpretation of the model network structure were also designed. The modelling language is developed within the framework of an European research and development project XNetMod "XML Based Modelling Language for Simulation of Technical Networks" (CRAFT-IST Contract No. 2001-52057)

关键词： XML Data models Application software Network topology Production systems Electronic mail Research and development Algebra Software safety Software standards

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Image-based 3D-surveillance in man-robot-cooperation

Image-based 3D-surveillance in man-robot-cooperation

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： J. Kruger B. Nickolay O. Schulz Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

In today's industrial production, men and robots usually work separately from each another to avoid accidents. Thus, there are two types of manufacturing: the automated and the manual one. Both have its advantages and disadvantages. If it would be possible to overcome the separation of man and robot, the accuracy and speed of robots could be combined with the flexibility and reliability of human workers. The main concern of this cooperation is the safety of the worker. A system based on digital image analysis has been developed, which supervises the working area to avoid collisions between robot and man

关键词： Robotics and automation Service robots Industrial accidents Manufacturing industries Production Manufacturing automation Humans Safety Digital images Image analysis

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Virtual Automation System Standards

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第5期37卷 43-48页

作者： Rolf Bernhardt Alexander Sabov Cornelius Willnow Fraunhofer Institute Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstr. 8-9 10 587 Berlin Germany

Computer based models have become an indispensable means for the planning, optimisation and operation of industrial manufacturing systems. The usability and significance of the models strongly depends on their accuracy, availability and functional extent. Today, suitable models for components of automation systems are available only for some types of components. Functionality for simulation purposes is often limited and integration costs are often still considerable. These problems were widely solved for industrial robots in the 'Realistic Robot Simulation' (RRS) projects. There, world-wide standards for Virtual Robot Controllers (VRCs) were created. Now, this success should be transferred to other components of automation systems like programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interface (HMI) systems, bus systems and effector sensor systems.

关键词： Automation Concurrent engineering Industrial robots Industrial control systems Interfaces Modelling Robotics Simulation Simulators Virtual Reality

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Ink-deposition model: the relation of writing and ink deposition processes

Ink-deposition model: the relation of writing and ink deposi...

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International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition

作者： K. Franke S. Rose Department of Pattern Recognition Fraunhofer Institute of Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

The paper describes our studies on the influence of physical and biomechanical processes on the ink trace and aims at providing a solid foundation for enhanced signature analysis procedures. By means of a writing robot, simulated human handwriting movements are considered to study the relation between writing process characteristics and ink deposit on paper. Since the robot is able to take up different writing instruments like pencil, ballpoint or fine line pen, the type of inking pen was also varied in the experiments. The results of analyzing these artificial ink traces contribute to a better understanding of the underlying interaction processes and allow for the formulation of a so-called ink-deposition model (IDM). Particularly, we present IDMs that analytically describe the relation of applied pen tip force and relative ink intensity distribution for solid, viscous and fluid ink types. These IDMs might be employed in computer-based analysis of ink trace line quality to recognize skilled forgeries.

关键词： Writing Ink Robots Instruments Forensics Solids Humans Production systems Pattern recognition Forgery

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Safety concept for robotic gait trainers

Safety concept for robotic gait trainers

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： H. Schmidt S. Hesse R. Bernhardt Department of Neurological Rehabilitation University Hospital Charité Berlin Germany Department of Automation & Robotics Fraunhofer Institute of Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

The work presents a newly developed safety concept for application of robotic walking simulators based on the principle of programmable footplates in gait rehabilitation. Unlike robotic hand devices or exoskeleton robots for gait training on treadmills, which can be built relatively lightweight and require only small drives which can hardly do harm to the patient, a programmable footplate walking simulator with permanent foot fixture essentially needs to have powerful drives in order to carry and move the full body weight of the patient. The developed safety concept comprises several redundant algorithms and devices in the real-time robot control software, electrical emergency stop circuitry and machine mechanics. The mechanical core is a machine design offering maximum passive security by covering all moving parts (i.e. robot drives and linkages) and a newly developed foot safety release binding, which is mounted on each footplate. The release binding allows a safe release from the footplate in all directions in any degree of freedom in the sagittal plane. It is combined with an ankle goniometer which is equipped with adjustable emergency stop limit switches, thus ensuring that the allowed ankle range-of-motion is not exceeded.

关键词： Railway safety Robots Legged locomotion Rehabilitation robotics Foot Software safety Exoskeletons Circuit simulation Fixtures Electrical safety

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