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Overview and Assessment Approaches of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions Through the Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence - An Example from the Agricultural Sector

Overview and Assessment Approaches of Energy Consumption and...

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2024 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry, MetroAgriFor 2024

作者： Rilling, Stefan Henningsen, Jens Milde, Katharina Martini, Daniel Wickert, Lorenz Kelbert, Patricia Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems Iais Adaptive Reflective Teams Sankt Augustin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Iese Data Science Kaiserslautern Germany Advisory Board for Technology and Construction in Agriculture Ktbl Team Digital Technologies Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355444

This article looks at the sustainability of various artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In recent months, AI methods have received a great deal of public attention and the benefits for sustainability have been emphasised. However, the ecological impacts of AI methods must also be considered in this debate. This article presents an overview of various approaches to sustainability assessment and addresses issues relating to energy consumption and the associated Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculation for a concrete agricultural AI-use case. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Crops

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Overview and Assessment Approaches of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions Through the Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence - An Example from the Agricultural Sector

Overview and Assessment Approaches of Energy Consumption and...

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IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)

作者： Stefan Rilling Jens Henningsen Katharina Milde Daniel Martini Lorenz Wickert Patricia Kelbert Adaptive Reflective Teams Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS Sankt Augustin Germany Data Science Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering IESE Kaiserslautern Germany Team Digital Technologies Advisory Board for Technology and Construction in Agriculture KTBL Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350355444

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355451

关键词： Life cycle assessment Energy consumption Conferences Forestry Carbon dioxide Metrology Agriculture Artificial intelligence Sustainable development Carbon emissions

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Replication Package of "Evaluation Methods and Replicability of software Architecture Research Objects"

Replication Package of "Evaluation Methods and Replicability...

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IEEE International Conference on software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW)

作者： Marco Konersmann Angelika Kaplan Thomas Kü hn Robert Heinrich Anne Koziolek Ralf Reussner Jan Jü rjens Mahmood Al-Doori Nicolas Boltz Marco Ehl Dominik Fuchß Katharina Groß er Sebastian Hahner Jan Keim Matthias Lohr Timur Sağ lam Sophie Schulz Jan-Philipp Tö berg University of Koblenz-Landau Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665494939

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494946

In "Evaluation Methods and Replicability of software Architecture Research" [1], we present a systematic literature review to assess the state-of-practice of evaluating software architecture research objects and providing replication artifacts in 153 full technical conference papers published at the International and European Conference on software Architecture (ICSA respectively ECSA) from 2017 to 2021.

关键词： Systematics software architecture Conferences Bibliographies Europe Replicability

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Towards Tolerating Soft Errors for Embedded systems

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SN Computer Science 2021年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Sadi, Muhammad Sheikh Ahmed, Waseem Jürjens, Jan Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna Bangladesh Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia IST/ISST University of Koblenz-Landau and Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Koblenz/Dortmund Germany

Exponential growth in the number of transistors for each chip along with increasing clock frequencies and operational voltages and decreasing load capacitance are aggravating the possibility of occurrence of soft errors in embedded systems. Transistors on current chips have components separated by only a few hundred atoms;hence, a small voltage glitch can alter the state of the transistor, thus causing soft errors in the systems. The impact will be a matter of great concern when the line widths will shrink further. These complicated linkages among the components in chips directly affect the reliability of embedded systems and cause them to be sensitive to soft errors. The common approach to address such errors is focused on post-design phases that are complex and costly to implement. However, reliability, which is a vital non-functional attribute of a system, should be validated at the design phase, particularly for critical systems. This paper proposes an efficient approach to measure and minimize the potential threats of soft errors for embedded systems in the early design phase of system-level design. The methodology is validated against a system model that must have high reliability. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Criticality analysis Embedded systems Heuristic metrics Reliability risks Soft errors

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SPLC 2023 Industry Variability Challenges Workshop 23

SPLC 2023 Industry Variability Challenges Workshop

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Proceedings of the 27th ACM International systems and software Product Line Conference - Volume A

作者： Rick Rabiser Martin Becker Mitsuhiro Kitani CDL VaSiCS LIT CPS Lab Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany Center for Technology Innovation - Systems Engineering Hitachi Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700910

The idea of the SPLC 2023 Industry Variability Challenges Workshop is to bring together practitioners and researchers to discuss the challenges regarding variability companies are currently facing. Companies can tell the researchers what they could/should work on regarding highly variable/configurable systems, identify areas where they would like to get some help from the SPLC community, network with other companies in other domains potentially having related issues, and identify possibilities to collaborate with researchers. Researchers can learn about current challenges of companies, relate industry challenges with ongoing research, and identify possibilities to collaborate with companies. After a motivating introduction by the organizers, each company pitches their setting, especially drivers, challenges, and lessons learned with regard to dealing with variability/highly variable/configurable systems in their context. Workshop organizers document challenges live on a shared board. This is followed by open discussion guided by the workshop organizers to further extend the challenges collected on the shared board and discuss them together with all participants.

关键词： Industry Challenges

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Beyond Trading Data: The Hidden Influence of Public Awareness and Interest on Cryptocurrency Volatility

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Boukhers, Zeyd Bouabdellah, Azeddine Yang, Cong Jürjens, Jan Fraunhofer Institue for Applied Information Technology University of Koblenz Germany University of Koblenz Koblenz Germany Soochow University Suzhou China University of Koblenz Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Germany

Since Bitcoin first appeared on the scene in 2009, cryptocurrencies have become a worldwide phenomenon as important decentralized financial assets. Their decentralized nature, however, leads to notable volatility against traditional fiat currencies, making the task of accurately forecasting the crypto-fiat exchange rate complex. This study examines the various independent factors that affect the volatility of the Bitcoin-Dollar exchange rate. To this end, we propose CoMForE, a multimodal AdaBoost-LSTM ensemble model, which not only utilizes historical trading data but also incorporates public sentiments from related tweets, public interest demonstrated by search volumes, and blockchain hash-rate data. Our developed model goes a step further by predicting fluctuations in the overall cryptocurrency value distribution, thus increasing its value for investment decision-making. We have subjected this method to extensive testing via comprehensive experiments, thereby validating the importance of multimodal combination over exclusive reliance on trading data. Further experiments show that our method significantly surpasses existing forecasting tools and methodologies, demonstrating a 19.29% improvement. This result underscores the influence of external independent factors on cryptocurrency volatility. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Offsite Evaluation of Localization systems: Criteria, systems, and Results From IPIN 2021 and 2022 Competitions

IEEE Journal on Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigati...

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IEEE Journal on Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation 2024年 2卷 92-129页

作者： Potorti, Francesco Crivello, Antonino Lee, Soyeon Vladimirov, Blagovest Park, Sangjoon Chen, Yushi Wang, Long Chen, Runze Zhao, Fang Zhuge, Yue Luo, Haiyong Perez-Navarro, Antoni Jimenez, Antonio R. Wang, Han Liang, Hengyi De Cock, Cedric Plets, David Cui, Yan Xiong, Zhi Li, Xiaodong Ding, Yiming Franco, Fernando Javier Alvarez Polo, Fernando Jesus Aranda Rodriguez, Felipe Parralejo Moreira, Adriano Pendao, Cristiano Silva, Ivo Ortiz, Miguel Zhu, Ni Li, Ziyou Renaudin, Valerie Wei, Dongyan Ji, Xinchun Zhang, Wenchao Wang, Yan Ding, Longyang Kuang, Jian Zhang, Xiaobing Dou, Zhi Yang, Chaoqun Kram, Sebastian Stahlke, Maximilian Mutschler, Christopher Coene, Sander Li, Chenglong Venus, Alexander Leitinger, Erik Tertinek, Stefan Witrisal, Klaus Wang, Yi Wang, Shaobo Jin, Beihong Zhang, Fusang Su, Chang Wang, Zhi Li, Siheng Li, Xiaodong Li, Shitao Pan, Mengguan Zheng, Wang Luo, Kai Ma, Ziyao Gao, Yanbiao Chang, Jiaxing Ren, Hailong Guo, Wenfang Torres-Sospedra, Joaquin Pisa56124 Italy Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon34129 Korea Republic of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science National Pilot Software Engineering School Beijing100876 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device Institute of Computing Technology Beijing100190 China Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Faculty of Computer Sciences Multimedia and Telecommunication Barcelona08035 Spain Arganda del Rey28500 Spain Huawei Technologies Company Ltd. Shenzhen100015 China IMEC-WAVES/Ghent University Department of Information Technology Gent9052 Belgium Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Automation Nanjing210016 China University of Extremadura Badajoz06006 Spain University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Department of Engineering School of Sciences and Technology Vila Real5000-801 Portugal Universidade Do Minho Centro Algoritmi Guimarães4800-058 Portugal Ame Department of the University Gustave Eiffel Geoloc Laboratory Bouguenais44344 France Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerospace Information Research Institute Beijing100094 China Wuhan University Gnss Research Center Wuhan430072 China AutoNavi Software Company Ltd. China Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Fraunhofer Iis Nuremberg90411 Germany Erlangen91058 Germany Graz University of Technology Christian Doppler Laboratory for Location-Aware Electronic Systems Graz8010 Austria Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Pervasive Communication Research Center Nanjing210000 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

Indoor positioning is a thriving research area, which is slowly gaining market momentum. Its applications are mostly customized, ad hoc installations;ubiquitous applications analogous to Global Navigation Satellite System for outdoors are not available because of the lack of generic platforms, widely accepted standards and interoperability protocols. In this context, the indoor positioning and indoor navigation (IPIN) competition is the only long-term, technically sound initiative to monitor the state of the art of real systems by measuring their performance in a realistic environment. Most competing systems are pedestrian-oriented and based on the use of smartphones, but several competing tracks were set up, enabling comparison of an array of technologies. The two IPIN competitions described here include only off-site tracks. In contrast with on-site tracks where competitors bring their systems on-site - which were impossible to organize during 2021 and 2022 - in off-site tracks competitors download prerecorded data from multiple sensors and process them using the EvaalAPI, a real-time, web-based emulation interface. As usual with IPIN competitions, tracks were compliant with the EvAAL framework, ensuring consistency of the measurement procedure and reliability of results. The main contribution of this work is to show a compilation of possible indoor positioning scenarios and different indoor positioning solutions to the same problem. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Smartphones

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A Payment Architecture for Decentralized Data Spaces Based on Gaia-X 9th

A Payment Architecture for Decentralized Data Spaces Based o...

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9th International Conference on Digital Economy, ICDEc 2024

作者： Rosa Cencic, Maiara Demer, Johannes Haberl, Sebastian Le, Van Thanh Lindow, Kai Metzner, Christian Rösler, Isabelle Schulze, Martin Tanrikulu, Cansu Wieker, Horst Winter, Christian Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Automotive Solution Center for Simulation Curiestraße 2 Stuttgart70563 Germany Msg Systems AG Robert-Bürkle-Str. 1 Ismaning85767 Germany SETLabs Research GmbH Elsenheimerstraße 55 München80687 Germany Saarland University of Applied Sciences Research Group Traffic Telematics Goebenstrasse 40 Saarbrücken66117 Germany Msg DAVID GmbH Mittelweg 7 Braunschweig38106 Germany Software AG Uhlandstraße 12 Darmstadt64297 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031763670

The creation of decentralized data spaces opens up enormous potential for the data economy. The Gaia-X initiative aims to bring values such as data self-sovereignty, trustworthiness, and interoperability to those data spaces. However, enabling financial transactions in data ecosystems supported by data spaces based on Gaia-X is still a topic to be addressed. This paper proposes an architecture for payment services in data spaces based on Gaia-X. This architecture was developed based on use cases from two projects within the Gaia-X 4 Future Mobility project family, but it should also enable the implementation of payment services in other data spaces, with a focus on B2B ecosystems. Requirements were elicited from those use cases, selecting suitable payment methods and defining the relevant criteria for structuring an architecture compatible with the Gaia-X principles. The proposed architecture was verified through stakeholders’ feedback and one test implementation, demonstrating suitability to two Gaia-X B2B data ecosystems that are structured on data spaces with fundamentally distinct infrastructures. The contributions of the proposed architecture add to advancing standardized payment services within data spaces based on Gaia-X and reducing barriers to entry for new participants in such ecosystems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Decentralized finance

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Reinforcement Learning for Residential Heat Pump Operation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Schmitz, Simon Brucke, Karoline Kasturi, Pranay Ansari, Esmail Klement, Peter DLR-Institute for Software Technology Linder Höhe Cologne51147 Germany DLR-Institute of Networked Energy Systems Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 15 Oldenburg26129 Germany Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118 Oldenburg26129 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM Wiener Straße 12 Bremen28359 Germany

Residential space heating accounted for approximately 19% of the overall energy consumption of Germany in 2021. Therefore, the efficient operation of electrified heating systems is of major importance for the energy transition. We apply a reinforcement learning approach for operating a district heat pump and compare results with a classic rule-based approach. No building model is required in our study but only basic parameters of the hot water tank along with demand and ambient temperature data which all is easily attainable. Additionally, the environment is designed in a way that the residents living comfort is never compromised which maximizes applicability in real world buildings. The agent is able to exploit variable electricity prices and the flexibility of the hot water tank in such a way, that up to 35% of energy costs could be saved. Additionally, depending on the agent’s settings, only 23% to 41% of the heat pump’s nominal power installed according to current standards was used. The robustness of the approach is shown by running ten independent training and testing cycles for all setups with reproducible results. The importance of demand forecasts is evaluated by testing different observation spaces of the RL agent. Even if the agent has no demand information at all, costs savings still are 25%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Application of Uncertainty-Aware Sensor Fusion in Physical Sensor Networks

Application of Uncertainty-Aware Sensor Fusion in Physical S...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement technology Conference

作者： Maximilian Gruber Wenzel Pilar von Pilchau Varun Gowtham Nikolaos-Stefanos Koutrakis Nicolas Schö nborn Sascha Eichstä dt Jö rg Hä hner Marius-Iulian Corici Thomas Magedanz Julian Polte Eckart Uhlmann Metrology for Digital Transformation Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin Germany Organic Computing Group University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany Software-Based Networks Fraunhofer FOKUS Berlin Germany Production Machines and System Management Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany TTD Technology Development Endress+Hauser Level+Pressure Maulburg Germany Organic Computing Group University of Augsburg Berlin Germany Production Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany

Modern industrial processes often collect redundant information from multiple sensors. It is of interest to leverage this information to form a more accurate or robust estimate of an observed quantity utilizing a sensor fusion operation. To be able to comply with quality requirements on the fused value, preservation of traceability is required. Moreover, the sensor fusion needs to be implemented within suitable digital architectures for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments. In a continuation of previous work, this is achieved by the usage of digital twins that represent the entities of two IIoT testbeds and the adoption of a method for uncertainty-aware homogeneous sensor fusion, which is presented in full detail. Metrological traceability of the fused value is established by propagating the measurement uncertainty of the input sensor according to metrological standards. The method is implemented as a modular service connected to an existing IIoT architecture. The flexibility of the method is shown by application to two different scenarios with only minimal adaption efforts. The fused sensor values are (as indicated by earlier work) robust to outliers and perform well in practical scenarios within the chosen IIoT architecture.

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