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7th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent systems, CIIS 2024

作者： Humpert, Lynn Zagatta, Kristin Anacker, Harald Dumitrescu, Roman Department of Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design North Rhine Westphalia Paderborn Germany Bl Advanced Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design North Rhine Westphalia Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717437

The European Green Deal is one of the key milestones in achieving the European Commission's sustainability goals. A key objective is to reduce the use of resources in order to reduce global emissions. Early validation of products is one way to reduce the need for late rework or modification of equipment, which in turn reduces the use of resources. It also has the benefit of reducing costs and the time-to-market, as late product changes require more resources and time. This is especially challenging for complex systems, where interconnects are often difficult to identify. For this reason, many companies use systems engineering as a design method to collaborate on products across departments and disciplines. Early validation and systems engineering are usually used separately, but research shows that the combination can provide an advantage in development, so a basis for linking them and further research needs to be identified. In this paper, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify approaches for early validation and systems engineering. It also examined the suitability of using these approaches in combination for product development and design of intelligent systems. This resulted in 49 potential methods being identified and evaluated according to requirements of the industry. They are discussed based on a concrete example in special purpose machinery in the production context of complex intelligent systems. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Large scale systems

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Mechanical Properties of Novel Arc-Sprayed Partially Amorphous Iron-Based Alloys Under Cryogenic Temperature and Hydrogen Influence

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Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 2025年 1-13页

作者： Hauer, Michél Möhrke, Lukas Biswal, Pratidhwani Brätz, Oliver Gericke, Andreas Allebrodt, Benedikt Henkel, Knuth-Michael Department Manufacturing Technologies Thermal Coating Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Large Structures in Production Engineering IGP Rostock Germany Department Manufacturing Technologies Thermal Joining Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Large Structures in Production Engineering IGP Rostock Germany Department Manufacturing Technologies Department Lead Fraunhofer Institute for Large Structures in Production Engineering IGP Rostock Germany DURUM Verschleiss-Schutz GmbH Willich Germany Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technologies Chair of Joining Technology University of Rostock Rostock Germany

Previous own works revealed that novel partially amorphous Fe-based alloys have a combination of properties that are beneficial for the application in liquid hydrogen (LH2) tanks, such as low thermal diffusivity, little porosity, and good adhesion. The influence of cryogenic temperatures or hydrogen on coating tensile strength, on the other hand, has not been investigated yet for this material. However, this is crucial for the long-term durability of the coatings under hydrogen and other alternative fuels. Thus, in this work, tubular coating tensile (TCT) tests were performed at room temperature, cryogenic temperatures and after hydrogen charging. For this, a methodology for hydrogen charging was developed to identify a possible regime being sufficient for inducing a measurable amount of hydrogen. Subsequently, the fracture surfaces were evaluated analytically, optically and profilometrically. Under cryogenic conditions, a significant increase in tensile strength and finer structures of the fracture surfaces were observed. The TCT tests with ex-situ hydrogen charging revealed a small reduction in tensile strength and ductility compared to specimens tested at room temperature, proven by the coarse structure of the fracture surface. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Amorphous alloys

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Inherent Strain Modelling and Neutron Diffraction Stress Analyses in Invar- 10wt%TiCN Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2025年 1-28页

作者： Oyedeji, Ayodeji Nathaniel Sacks, Natasha Venter, Andrew Marais, Deon Pötschke, Johannes Department of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch7602 South Africa SOC Limited Pretoria South Africa Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Dresden Germany

In this study, the residual stress state of an Invar-10wt%TiCN composite was evaluated through experimental non-destructive neutron diffraction (ND) of the FeNi phase and inherent strain modelling (ISM) simulations. Comparisons were made to the stress state of FeNi in Invar to investigate the degree of change in the alloy due to the addition of the TiCN. The materials were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) according to a full factorial Central Composites Design of Experiments approach to develop the optimal process parameters. High densities of 99.87% for Invar and 99.28% for Invar-10wt%TiCN were achieved, with the TiCN addition leading to a hardness improvement of approximately 71.8%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were done to study the microstructure. The TiCN resulted in a high distortion of 113% in the ISM cantilever sample due to its higher coefficient of thermal expansion. Close agreement was found between the ISM simulation and the ND experimental residual stress results. The stresses are predominantly compressive in the interior and tensile on the surfaces. This agreement enabled extrapolations of the estimated stresses in the near-surface regions. Magnitudes are dependent on the stress component considered and build position. Grain refinement in the Invar-TiCN composite enhanced the compressive residual stresses. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Grain refinement

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Supporting Changes in Digital Ownership and Data Sovereignty Across the Automotive Value Chain with Catena-X 6

Supporting Changes in Digital Ownership and Data Sovereignty...

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6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024

作者： Manoury, Marvin Riedelsheimer, Theresa Hellmeier, Malte Meyer, Tom Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstraße 6 Dortmund44147 Germany

Considering the concept of a Circular Economy, which entails several life cycles of, e.g., vehicles, their components, and materials, it is important to investigate how the respective Digital Twins are managed over the lifecycle of their physical assets. This publication presents and compares three approaches for managing Digital Twins in industrial use cases. For the aggregation of these approaches, a user-centered design approach has been used in the research project Catena-X which focuses on the automotive industry. The results are analyzed qualitatively based on aspects such as data ownership and data sovereignty. It was identified, that all three approaches have limitations and benefits which make them useful in different scenarios. An overview of their strengths and weaknesses is presented to select an appropriate approach In similar setups. The results described in this publication can be used to select the best update approach in data spaces where multiple stakeholders are able to update information on a single asset. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Supply chains

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Extended Abstract of Poster: STARS: Tree-Based Classification and Testing of Feature Combinations in the Automated Robotic Domain 18

Extended Abstract of Poster: STARS: Tree-Based Classificatio...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2025

作者： Schallau, Till Schmid, Dominik Pawlinorz, Nick Naujokat, Stefan Howar, Falk TU Dortmund University Dortmund44227 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund44147 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534677

Testing complex systems is crucial for ensuring safety, especially in automated driving, where diverse data sources and variable environments pose challenges. Here, robust safety validation is critical but exhaustive n-way combinatorial testing is impractical due to the vast number of test cases. The STARS framework uses tree-based scenario classifiers to limit feature combinations in a given domain. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Automation

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Exploratory Data Analysis of Time Series Using Pre-segmented Clustering 26th

Exploratory Data Analysis of Time Series Using Pre-segmente...

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26th International Conference on Information Integration and Web Intelligence, iiWAS 2024

作者： Jain, Vineeta Huang, Zihao Richter, Anna Wetzker, Ulf Frotzscher, Andreas Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031780899

Time series clustering is an unsupervised method of organizing homogeneous time series in groups based on certain similarity criteria. As a result, it can be an essential step in Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), especially for complex time series data. This applies specifically to industrial datasets for applications like predictive maintenance, energy consumption, etc., due to the heterogeneity and peculiarity of collected data sets. Understanding the underlying trends and patterns in such datasets could help strategize advanced analysis methods such as forecasting, regression testing, etc. In this paper, we present a case study on a real-world energy consumption dataset of 4G cells, where we perform a pre-segmented clustering based EDA to uncover hidden insights about the data. The empirical study demonstrates that performing pre-segmented clustering based EDA enhances data interpretation by revealing prevalent and infrequent patterns, empowering users to refine analyses such as prediction more precisely, leading to performance improvement. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Data assimilation

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Supporting Changes in Digital Ownership and Data Sovereignty Across the Automotive Value Chain with Catena-X

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 253卷 374-383页

作者： Marvin Manoury Theresa Riedelsheimer Malte Hellmeier Tom Meyer Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstraße 6 44147 Dortmund Germany

关键词： Digital Twins Ownership Circular Economy Data Sovereignty Supply Chain Catena-X

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Application scenarios for simultaneous optical power and data transfer

Application scenarios for simultaneous optical power and dat...

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Optical Power Delivery 2025

作者： Nacke, Richard Pellegrino, Carmine Lackner, David Siefer, Gerald Majlesein, Behnaz Younus, Othman Osahon, Isaac N.O. Tavakkolnia, Iman Bett, Andreas W. Haas, Harald Helmers, Henning Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg Germany LiFi Research and Development Centre Electrical Engineering Division University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Albert Ludwigs University Institute of Physics Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684669

Optical power transfer and optical data communication are versatile technologies with numerous applications, utilizing both fiber-coupled systems and free-space optical links. The integration of these technologies into a single link simplifies system design while combining the benefits of simultaneous power delivery and data communication for receiving systems. This study evaluates various applications by examining their power demands, data rate requirements, and external factors such as link medium and operational distance. A graphical representation is provided to facilitate application targeting for specific groups, dictating the needed system requirements. Three key application clusters are identified: A) Internet of Things connectivity (free-space, ~10 m, 0.2-10 W), B) network infrastructure (fiber/free-space/underwater, 10 m – 1 km, 10-100 W), and C) moving objects (free-space, 100 m – 500 km, 1-10 kW). © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Optical links

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A multi-agent approach with verifiable and data-sovereign information flows for decentralizing redispatch in distributed energy systems

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Energy Informatics 2025年第1期8卷 1-27页

作者： Heess, Paula Holly, Stefanie Körner, Marc-Fabian Nieße, Astrid Radtke, Malin Schick, Leo Stark, Sanja Strüker, Jens Zwede, Till Branch Business and Information Systems Engineering Fraunhofer FIT Wittelsbacherring 10 Bavaria Bayreuth95444 Germany OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology Escherweg 2 Lower Saxony Oldenburg26121 Germany FIM Research Center University of Bayreuth Wittelsbacherring 10 Bavaria Bayreuth95444 Germany

The need to harness the flexibility of small-scale assets for system stabilization, including redispatch, is growing rapidly with the increasing prevalence of distributed generation, such as photovoltaic systems and heavy loads, in particular heat pumps and electric vehicles. Integrating these resources into the redispatch process presents special requirements: On the one hand, building trust with the owners of such assets requires privacy and a reasonable degree of autonomy and engagement. On the other hand, besides the system’s scalability and robustness, the verifiability and traceability of provided data are essential for grid operators who depend on the reliable provision of redispatch services. To date, research and practice have encountered significant challenges in defining a system that enables the inclusion of decentralized flexibilities while satisfying necessary requirements. To that end, we present a novel conceptual system design that addresses these challenges by combining a multi-agent system (MAS) approach with verifiable information flows through digital self-sovereign identities (SSIs) and Zero-Knowledge-Proofs (ZKPs). Single agents, as edge devices, operate locally and autonomously, respecting customer preferences, while MAS provide the ability to design robust, reliable, and scalable systems. SSI enables agents to manage their data autonomously, while ZKPs are used to protect users’ privacy through selective data disclosure which allows the verification of the correctness of information without disclosing the underlying data. To validate the feasibility of this design, a case study is included to demonstrate the functionality of key sub-processes, such as baseline optimization, aggregation, and disaggregation, in a realistic scenario. This case study, supported by a prototype implementation, provides initial evidence of the concept’s soundness and lays the groundwork for future evaluation through extensive simulations and field testing. Together

关键词： Decentralized systems

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Evaluation of emissions and performance of a diesel engine running on graphene nanopowder and diesel–biodiesel-ethanol blends

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年第3期32卷 1466-1479页

作者： Noorollahi, Yaser Asli-Ardeh, Ezzatollah Askari Jahanbakhshi, Ahmad Khodayari, Ali Gorjian, Shiva Department of Biosystems Engineering University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems Department Lorestan University Khorramabad Iran Chemistry Department Faculty of Science University of Mohaghegh Ardabili P.O. Box 179 Ardabil Iran Tehran Iran Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg Im Breisgau79110 Germany

Today, there are environmental problems all over the world due to the emission of greenhouse gasses caused by the combustion of diesel fuel. The excessive consumption and drastic reduction of fossil fuels have prompted the leaders of various countries, including Iran, to put the use of alternative and clean energy sources on the agenda. In recent years, the use of biofuels and the addition of nanoparticles to diesel fuel have reduced pollutant emissions, improved the environment, and enhanced the physicochemical properties of the fuel. The current research deals with the experimental evaluation of emissions and performance of a diesel engine running on graphene nanopowder together with diesel–biodiesel-ethanol blends. The engine variables studied included the engine speed (in three stages 1800, 2200, and 2600 rpm) and three types of fuel including graphene nanoparticles (with values of 25 and 50 ppm), biodiesel (with volume percentages of 4, 6, and 8), and ethanol (with volume percentages of 2 and 4). The results showed that the power and torque of the D86 + B8 + E6 + G50 fuel increased on average by 20.26% and 28.76% at all engine speeds compared to the D100 fuel. The use of D86 + B8 + E6 + G50 fuel resulted in a significant reduction in CO (38.84%), UHC (21.24%), and NOx (19.92%) emissions compared to D100 fuel. In addition, a significant increase in CO2 emissions (23.19%) was observed. The results of this study clearly show that the use of biofuels and the addition of nanopowder to D100 fuel are very effective methods to improve combustion, performance, and emission characteristics in diesel engines. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Biodiesel

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