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Methodology for the assessment of the friction torque of ball slewing bearings considering preload scatter

Friction 2024年第8期12卷 1838-1857页

作者： Iñigo ESCANCIANO Iker HERAS Florian SCHLEICH Josu AGUIRREBEITIA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of the Basque CountryBilbao 48080Spain Fraunhofer-Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES Hamburg 27572Germany

This manuscript presents an innovative methodology for the assessment of the friction torque of ball slewing *** methodology aims to overcome the limitations of state-of-the-art approaches,especially when the friction torque is conditioned by the preload of the *** this end,the authors propose to simulate the preload scatter when solving the load distribution problem,prior to the friction torque *** preload scatter allows to simulate a progressive transition of the balls from a four-point contact state to a two-point contact *** implementing this capability into an analytical model,the authors achieve a successful correlation with experimental ***,depending on the stiffness of the structures to which the bearing is assembled,it is demonstrated that the rigid ring assumption can lead to inaccurate friction torque results when a tilting moment is *** methodology described in this research work is meant to have a practical ***,the manuscript provides guidelines about how to use and tune the analytical model to get a reliable friction torque prediction tool.

关键词： slewing bearing ball bearing friction torque preload scatter

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Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Development of a Nursing Data Module

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Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2023年第1期9卷 339-342页

作者： Warnecke, Maren Holle, Daniela Burmann, Anja Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstrasse 6 Dortmund Germany HS Gesundheit Bochum Bochum Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany

The documentation landscape for nursing care data in Germany is predominantly heterogeneous and unstructured. Therefore, insightful methods such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are difficult to implement. We propose a stepwiseapproach that identifies relevant information from nursing theory and practice and maps it to a standardized nursing core data set to enable data-based improvement of nursing care. This can be used for various use-cases in care, such as risk detection and prevention in diverse care contexts. Many care processes can benefit of a cross-facility and standardized repository and associated applications. We propose an approach that enables the use of AI while leveraging consensus and evidenced-based expert knowledge from nursing science. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Nursing

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Design Features for Data Trustee Selection in Data Spaces 13

Design Features for Data Trustee Selection in Data Spaces

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13th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2024

作者： Steinert, Michael Tebernum, Daniel Hupperz, Marius Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587078

As the world becomes increasingly digital, data is becoming a critical resource. When used effectively, it can lead to more accurate forecasts, process optimization, and the creation of innovative business models. The necessary data is often distributed across multiple organizations, and its full value can only be realized through shared collaboration. Data spaces provide organizations with a platform for sovereign and secure data sharing. To enable legally secure data sharing and ensure compliance with regulations, data trustees play a critical role as trusted intermediaries. However, choosing a suitable data trustee that meets the needs of the participants who want to share data with each other is difficult. Our study seeks to elucidate the process by which participants of a data space can choose an appropriate data trustee. To this purpose, we have implemented a whitelist approach. We report on the results of our design science research project, which includes design features to facilitate the integration of our whitelist approach into different data space instantiations. Potential shortcomings were identified and addressed during an expert workshop. By providing verified design knowledge, we help practitioners in the data space community to incorporate the concept of how to select the most appropriate data trustee. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Data consistency

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systems engineering and Validation: A systematic literature review: Contributing to sustainability with validation 24

Systems Engineering and Validation: A systematic literature ...

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7th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent systems, CIIS 2024

作者： Humpert, Lynn Zagatta, Kristin Anacker, Harald Dumitrescu, Roman Department of Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design North Rhine Westphalia Paderborn Germany Bl Advanced Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design North Rhine Westphalia Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717437

The European Green Deal is one of the key milestones in achieving the European Commission's sustainability goals. A key objective is to reduce the use of resources in order to reduce global emissions. Early validation of products is one way to reduce the need for late rework or modification of equipment, which in turn reduces the use of resources. It also has the benefit of reducing costs and the time-to-market, as late product changes require more resources and time. This is especially challenging for complex systems, where interconnects are often difficult to identify. For this reason, many companies use systems engineering as a design method to collaborate on products across departments and disciplines. Early validation and systems engineering are usually used separately, but research shows that the combination can provide an advantage in development, so a basis for linking them and further research needs to be identified. In this paper, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify approaches for early validation and systems engineering. It also examined the suitability of using these approaches in combination for product development and design of intelligent systems. This resulted in 49 potential methods being identified and evaluated according to requirements of the industry. They are discussed based on a concrete example in special purpose machinery in the production context of complex intelligent systems. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Large scale systems

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FMUGym: An Interface for Reinforcement Learning-based Control of Functional Mock-up Units under Uncertainties 31

FMUGym: An Interface for Reinforcement Learning-based Contro...

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31st International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in engineering, EG-ICE 2024

作者： Wrede, Konstantin Huang, Chenzi Wohlfahrt, Tommy Hartmann, Nick Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Germany

Uncertainties complicate the task of designing optimal controllers for complex systems. This work introduces FMUGym, a novel open source interface that connects reinforcement learning libraries following the Gymnasium standard with co-simulation Functional Mock-up Units. As the latter encapsulate the model of the control plant, FMUGym can transform them into an environment of a reinforcement learning setup. FMUGym allows to inject uncertainties into system dynamics, inputs and outputs during training. This fosters robust control policies that adapt to possible variations and aims to bridge the simulation-to-reality gap. We demonstrate FMUGym's effectiveness by training an agent to control a nonlinear system with and without uncertainties, highlighting the benefit of noise injection. A second example showcases applicability in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The source code and additional resources for this project are available on GitHub (https://***/fraunhofer-IIS/fmugym), with further development planned based on community feedback. © 2024 Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in engineering, EG-ICE 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Guidance on a Digital Factory Twin: Proposal for a Reference Architecture

Guidance on a Digital Factory Twin: Proposal for a Reference...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions, ICTMOD 2024

作者： Jonas, Lick Fiona, Kattenstroth Malte, Trienens Jan-Philipp, Disselkamp Arno, Kuhn Roman, Dumitrescu Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Department for Digital Transformation Paderborn Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Department for Digital Engineering Paderborn Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Department for Systems Lifecycle Management Paderborn Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Division for Product Development Paderborn Germany University of Paderborn - Heinz Nixdorf Institute Professorship Advanced Systems Engineering Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367355

The digital twin in manufacturing, also called digital factory twin (DFT), is not only a recent technology but also a polymorphic concept which generates a profusion of state-of-the-art work from industry and research without real coherence. The work relates to very different realities including various definitions, shapes, models and applications. A wide variety of architectures are proposed and there is a significant lack of information on how to deploy a digital twin efficiently and how to define an appropriate architecture. The DFT is often implemented use-case-driven and in various ways concerning IT architectures. The paper proposes a reference architecture based on enterprise architecture modelling language ArchiMate and TOGAF principles, which allows to model business architectures and IT architectures. We make use of that and model a DFT business architecture based on the lifecycle of a factory and a DFT IT architecture based on IT applications and IT functions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart manufacturing

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Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection through AI and Statistics Characterising Educational Content with Large Language Models & Agreement Analyses

Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection ...

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作者： Strube, Tom Nowak, Tom Pokotylo, Mariia Kuhlenkötter, Bernd Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

Due to the recent popularity and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), creators of educational materials can more efficiently extract keywords for use in personalised learning recommendations than ever before. However, due to the LLMs' probabalistic nature, the automation of the otherwise labour-intense keyword extraction inherits the risk of biased and non-explainable results. In this research, we present an original framework to enhance keyword selection based on content title and description through a novel, reliability-sensitive, keyword selection algorithm. For this, we collected 38 potential keywords (together with their definitions) for five topics on dementia care from previous studies, together with two contents per topic. To assess the new method's support in extracting keywords, we then prompted 5 human experts and 3 LLMs (using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for the keyword definitions) to select keywords to include and exclude for each content. Using Krippendorf's a metric, we then were able to adapt to the present agreement, and to reliably select keyword sets for inclusion and exclusion for each content individually. Last, we compared these LLM-based keyword sets with those selected by humans to assess the impact of the adaptive keyword selection algorithm. Overall, the results suggest that LLMs generally struggle with the task (66% of extraction attempts either contained hallucinated or did not return any keywords), and topic-wise internal agreement is low (a=0.59 (0.42) for model 3 (using RAG) on average;α=0.68 for human raters). Due to this, the reliable keyword selection resulted in a median set of 6|27 keywords for inclusion|exclusion per topic, with many of those keywords being within the benchmark keyword sets selected by human raters. To conclude, this approach shows effective in adapting to different levels of agreement in extracting keywords. © 2024 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Inherent Strain Modelling and Neutron Diffraction Stress Analyses in Invar- 10wt%TiCN Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2025年 1-28页

作者： Oyedeji, Ayodeji Nathaniel Sacks, Natasha Venter, Andrew Marais, Deon Pötschke, Johannes Department of Industrial Engineering Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch7602 South Africa SOC Limited Pretoria South Africa Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Dresden Germany

In this study, the residual stress state of an Invar-10wt%TiCN composite was evaluated through experimental non-destructive neutron diffraction (ND) of the FeNi phase and inherent strain modelling (ISM) simulations. Comparisons were made to the stress state of FeNi in Invar to investigate the degree of change in the alloy due to the addition of the TiCN. The materials were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) according to a full factorial Central Composites Design of Experiments approach to develop the optimal process parameters. High densities of 99.87% for Invar and 99.28% for Invar-10wt%TiCN were achieved, with the TiCN addition leading to a hardness improvement of approximately 71.8%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were done to study the microstructure. The TiCN resulted in a high distortion of 113% in the ISM cantilever sample due to its higher coefficient of thermal expansion. Close agreement was found between the ISM simulation and the ND experimental residual stress results. The stresses are predominantly compressive in the interior and tensile on the surfaces. This agreement enabled extrapolations of the estimated stresses in the near-surface regions. Magnitudes are dependent on the stress component considered and build position. Grain refinement in the Invar-TiCN composite enhanced the compressive residual stresses. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Grain refinement

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Targeted Data Generation in the Continuous Production of Anode Slurries for Lithium-Ion Battery Cells 6

Targeted Data Generation in the Continuous Production of Ano...

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6th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication, ICAIIC 2024

作者： Oberdiek, Sven Jalowy, Leah Vazquez, Flavio Gonzalez Risling, Monika Wahl, Katja Quality and Reliability Management Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Germany Dispersing Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Germany Purity-specific Automation Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Data and Application Services for Digital Production Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344349

This research paper explores the transition from batch mixing to continuous mixing processes for the production of slurries used in lithium-ion battery cells. The conventional batch mixing methods, prevalent in European industry, suffer from time-consuming cleaning processes, lengthy mixing times, and the inability to monitor paste conditions in real-Time. The study proposes a solution using continuous mixing with a twin-screw extruder, highlighting advantages such as reduced cleaning time, immediate sample characterization, and minimized production risks. The research aims to develop a test setup and procedure to accelerate the understanding of the continuous mixing process, leveraging minimal resources and time, and facilitating the training of artificial intelligence algorithms. The ultimate goal is to create a digital twin encompassing all influencing factors for predictive and prescriptive analytics. The methodology involves literature reviews, expert surveys, and experimental setups, with an emphasis on inline measuring devices. The paper presents results related to relevant product characteristics, influencing factors, and the selection of suitable measuring equipment. The experimental setup includes a database structure, human-machine interface, and visualization of measurement data. The study concludes with insights into the correlation analysis of influencing factors and product characteristics, emphasizing the need for further experiments and the development of algorithms for predictive quality assessments in continuous mixing processes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Development of a Nursing Data Module

Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Deve...

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关键词： Nursing

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