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ANALOG 2016;15. ITG/GMM-Symposium

作者： Benjamin Prautsch Uwe Eichler Torsten Reich Jens Lienig Fraunhofer IIS/EAS Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Dresden University of Technology

Analog layout design is a predominantly manual task that is extremely difficult, time consuming, and costly. The socalled generator-based design methodology is one possibility to reduce the manual effort by substituting design steps with procedural automation. Recent work already discussed a high degree of technology-independence of procedural generators. However, same generator code creates always the same structure which reduces flexibility. Moreover, recent generators behave like black-boxes with implicit behavior. This work utilizes an abstract layout placement graph in order to include layout relations and/or layout shapes automatically within a post-processing step. As the result, abstract generator descriptions are much more robust and handle the great amount of advanced process design rules which is of high practical relevance when targeting multiple technologies. Both the degree of technology independence and layout quality are therefore increased in an explicit way for the first time - without changing any generator code.

关键词： layouts dynamos semiconductor technology layout design Generator Explicit

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Human-free offshore lifting solutions

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1102卷

作者： M Leimeister T Balaam P Causon D Cevasco M Richmond A Kolios F Brennan Offshore Energy Engineering Centre Cranfield University Bedfordshire MK43 0AL United Kingdom Naval Architecture Ocean and Marine Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES Am Luneort 100 27572 Bremerhaven Germany Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ United Kingdom

With single elements weighing up to hundreds of tonnes and lifted to heights of 100 meters, offshore wind turbines can pose risks to personnel, assets, and the environment during installation and maintenance interventions. To increase safety during offshore lifts, this study focuses on solutions for human-free lifting operations. Ideas in the categories of logistics, connections, as well as guidance and control, were discussed and ranked by means of a multi-criteria decision analysis. Based upon 38 survey responses weighting 21 predefined decision criteria, the most promising concepts were selected. Logistically, pre-assembled systems would reduce the number of lifts and thus reduce the risk. A MATLAB-based code has been developed to optimise installation time, lifted weight, and number of lifts. Automated bolting and seafastening solutions have high potential to increase safety during the transport of the wind turbine elements and, additionally, speed up the process. Finally, the wind turbine should be lifted on top of the support structure without having personnel being under the load. A multi-directional mechanical guiding element has been designed and tested successfully in combination with visual guidance by cameras in a small-scale experiment.

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LTCC - packaging of a laser optical system for harsh environments

LTCC - packaging of a laser optical system for harsh environ...

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Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Martin Ihle Steffen Ziesche Eric Beckert Marcel Hornaff Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Jena Germany

The ceramic multilayer technology “Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics” (LTCC) provides, thanks to its 3D structuring ability, the alternative key technology for the cost efficient packaging of miniaturized laser components. The goal of the development was therefore, to create an ultra-compact platform usable as carrier for laser optical components in the middle and high power range (≤ 50 W). To achieve this aim, an actively cooled edge emitting laser diode will be coupled to a glass fiber in a hermetically sealable package based on the LTCC-technology. Based on simulative and experimental investigations a ceramic integrated 3D-channel structure was developed for cooling an 8 W laser diode emitter (12 W power dissipation). The development of the LTCC active cooling structure components and the experimental results will be presented within the paper. The alignment of the optical elements on the bench was done by a high-precision jet soldering process and enables for an efficient optical coupling of the laser diode to the glass fiber.

关键词： Integrated optics Optical devices Reliability Stimulated emission Heating Silicon

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Low Temperature District Heating for Future Energy systems

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Energy Procedia 2017年 116卷 26-38页

作者： Dietrich Schmidt Anna Kallert Markus Blesl Svend Svendsen Hongwei Li Natasa Nord Kari Sipilä Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES Königstor 59 DE-34119 Kassel Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Gottschalkstrasse 28a DE-34127 Kassel Germany University of Stuttgart Inst. of Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy Stuttgart Germany Technical University of Denmark Department of Civil Engineering Lyngby Denmark Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. of Energy and Process Eng. Trondheim Norway VTT – The Technical Research Centre of Finland Department Energy Systems Espoo Finland

The building sector is responsible for more than one third of the final energy consumption of societies and produces the largest amount of greenhouse gas emissions of all sectors. This is due to the utilisation of combustion processes of mainly fossil fuels to satisfy the heating demand of the building stock. Low temperature district heating (LTDH) can contribute significantly to a more efficient use of energy resources as well as better integration of renewable energy (e.g. geothermal or solar heat), and surplus heat (e.g. industrial waste heat) into the heating sector. LTDH offers prospects for both the demand side (community building structure) and the supply side (network properties or energy sources). Especially in connection with buildings that demand only low temperatures for space heating. The utilisation of lower temperatures reduces losses in pipelines and can increase the overall efficiency of the total energy chains used in district heating. To optimise the exergy efficiency of community supply systems the LowEx approach can be utilised, which entails matching the quality levels of energy supply and demand in order to optimise the utilisation of high-value resources, such as combustible fuels, and minimising energy losses and irreversible dissipation. The paper presents the international co-operative work in the framework of the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Technology Cooperation Programme on District Heating and Cooling including Combined Heat and Power (DHC|CHP) Annex TS1.

关键词： Low Exergy Communities Low Temperature Supply Structures District Heating

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Object level fusion of extended dynamic objects

Object level fusion of extended dynamic objects

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent systems (MFI)

作者： Sofie Nilsson Axel Klekamp Department Robot and Assistive Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA) Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467397087;9781467397094

This paper presents an approach to enable general tracking of extended objects of multiple sensors. Expert information in each input providing sensor module is mapped into simple model parameters and allows the fusion center to use a generalized version of such information. The model type and parameters are presented and a classical Kalman based fusion is extended with a method for integrated extent handling. By this approach the central fusion node can take into account both the track level information and extent estimate from each sensor. The proposed method is compared with a classic method of fusing the object center and the extent estimate separately. Simulated data is used to show that our proposed approach is general in the sense that it can be used on various setups without adaption. Detailed performance results are given based on estimation errors of the extended object space vector. The findings based on simulated data are completed by real world data from a front facing sensor setup. It is shown that the proposed method offers a benefit in position accuracy, especially when the measurement information does not contain a complete extent information in all directions.

关键词： Sensor fusion Vehicle dynamics Radar tracking Shape Uncertainty Kinematics

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Development of a Post-CMOS Compatible Nanoporous Thin Film layer Based on Al2O3

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期350卷

作者： Ö Dogan A Buschhausen C Walk W Mokwa H Vogt Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems 47057 Duisburg Germany Department of Microelectronics University of Applied Sciences 40476 Düsseldorf Germany Department of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Department of Electronic Components and Circuits University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany

Porous alumina is a popular material with numerous application fields. A post-CMOS compatible process chain for the fabrication of nanoporous surface based on Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is presented. By alternately applying small numbers of ALD cycles for Al2O3 and ZnO, a homogenous composite was accomplished, for which the principle of island growth of ALD materials at few deposition cycle numbers was utilised. By selective texture-etching of ZnO content via hydrofluoric acid (HF) in vaporous phase at 40 °C and 10.67 mbar, a porous surface of the etch resistant Al2O3 could be achieved. TOF-SIMS investigations verified the composition of ALD composite, whereas AFM and high resolution SEM images characterised the topographies of pre- and post-etched samples. Pores with opening diameters of up to 15 nm could be detected on the surface after vaporous HF treatment for 2 minutes. The amount of pores increased after an etching time of 5 minutes.

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FREDA - An automated field reflectance and degradation assessment system for central receiver systems

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2033卷

作者： Gregor Bern Thomas Schmidt Nicola Celentano Anna Heimsath Peter Nitz 1Department High Temperature Solar Thermal and Industrial Processes Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany 2Department of Industrial Engineering University of Naples Federico II - P.le Tecchio 8080125 Naples Italy

The heliostat field of Central Receiver systems is subject to soiling and degradation, reducing the optical efficiency of the plant. The monitoring of the effects for an optimized cleaning and replacement strategy is a task demanding a high amount of time and effort. This work introduces a novel Field Reflectance and Degradation Assessment system FREDA. The automated monitoring of the condition of heliostat fields supports the operation and maintenance of a Central Receiver System in the aspects of optimized cleaning and replacement strategies as well as yield prediction and reduces the effort for data collection with state of the art reflectometers. The camera based system monitors the reflectance of a homogeneously illuminated Lambertian target or of the sky and relates the gathered data to reference reflectors distributed in the field, equipped with an automated reflectometer measurement. The methodology is outlined in detail including the underlying evaluation scheme. First laboratory tests are presented showing promising results and good agreement with reflectometer measurements. Finally further improvements are discussed and an outlook for the future work is given.

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Evaluation of a novel reactor concept for the process intensification and intelligent heat management in the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers 21

Evaluation of a novel reactor concept for the process intens...

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21st World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2016, WHEC 2016

作者： Preuster, P. Wagner, L. Nuß, A. Geiling, J. Steinberger, M. Bösmann, A. Wasserscheid, P. Department of Chemical Reaction Engineering Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 ErlangenD-91058 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystr. 10 ErlangenD-91058 Germany

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Development of an Innovative Low Temperature Heat Supply Concept for a New Housing Area

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Energy Procedia 2017年 116卷 39-47页

作者： Dietrich Schmidt Anna Kallert Janybek Orozaliev Isabelle Best Klaus Vajen Oliver Reul Jochen Bennewitz Petra Gerhold Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES Königstor 59 DE-34119 Kassel Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Gottschalkstrasse 28a DE-34127 Kassel Germany University of Kassel Department of Solar and Systems Engineering Kurt-Wolters-Straße 37 DE-34109 Kassel Germany University of Kassel Department of Geotechnics Mönchebergstr. 7 DE-34109 Kassel Germany Staedtische Werke Kassel AG Königstor 3-13 DE-34117 Kassel Germany City of Kassel Rathaus / Obere Königsstrasse 8 DE-34117 Kassel Germany

The domestic energy demand of buildings is responsible for one third of the world's final energy consumption. To increase the sustainability of new housing areas, the identification of innovative heat supply concepts based on renewable energy sources (RES) is required. For the new housing area “Zum Feldlager”(Kassel, Germany), various supply concepts are studied. Main objective is the development of an innovative and efficient supply concept based on RES and low temperature district heating (LTDH) for practical implementation. In the course of different studies, centralised and decentralised supply strategies are analysed. The most promising supply concept is based on a central ground source heat pump in combination with LTDH and decentralised solar thermal systems. In comparison to a reference concept the annual heating costs and the CO 2 -emissions are lower. This project is a cooperative activity and of the fraunhofer IBP, institute for decentralized Energy Technologies (IdE), Kassel University, City of Kassel and Staedtische Werke Kassel AG. The paper covers a topic from IEA DHC Annex TS1.

关键词： low temperature district heating new housing area ground source heat pump solar heat

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Si solar cells with top/rear poly-Si contacts

Si solar cells with top/rear poly-Si contacts

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2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Frank Feldmann Christian Reichel Ralph Müller Martin Hermle Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering Albert Ludwig University Freiburg Freiburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Freiburg Germany

Passivated contacts based on low-pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) heavily-doped poly-Si and a thin SiO x layer are explored for the application in an interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell. The poly-Si/SiO x contacts are realized by applying wet-chemically grown SiO x tunnel layers and amorphous Si (a-Si) layers doped via ion implantation that are subsequently transformed into poly-Si/SiO x contacts by a high temperature step. The impact of doping species, ion dose, and poly-Si thickness on the surface passivation of such contacts is studied. Excellent J 0 values down to 4.5 fA/cm 2 were measured for n+ poly-Si contacts, while J 0 values of 22 fA/cm 2 were obtained for p+-poly-Si contacts. Solar cells with top/rear poly-Si contacts were processed and V oc values up to 709 mV and FF values above 81% were measured. Furthermore, the upper bound for the parasitic absorption losses in 10-40 nm thick poly-Si films was quantified to be about 0.5 mA/cm 2 per 10 nm poly-Si layer thickness.

关键词： Photovoltaic cells Silicon Passivation Films Absorption Ion implantation Boron

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