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arXiv 2017年

作者： Cheng, Wen-Hui Richter, Matthias H. May, Matthias M. Ohlmann, Jens Lackner, David Dimroth, Frank Hannappel, Thomas Atwater, Harry A. Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim Department of Applied Physics and Material Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road CambridgeCB2 1EW United Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Institute for Solar Fuels Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 BerlinD-14109 Germany Department of Physics Technische Universität Ilmenau Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5 IlmenauD-98693 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 FreiburgD-79110 Germany Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States

Recent rapid progress in efficiencies for solar water splitting by photoelectrochemical devices has enhanced its prospects to enable storable renewable energy. Efficient solar fuel generators all use tandem photoelectrode structures, and advanced integrated devices incorporate corrosion protection layers as well as heterogeneous catalysts. Realization of near thermodynamic limiting performance requires tailoring the energy band structure of the photoelectrode and also the optical and electronic properties of the surface layers exposed to the electrolyte. Here, we report a monolithic device architecture that exhibits reduced surface reflectivity in conjunction with metallic Rh nanoparticle catalyst layers that minimize parasitic light absorption. Additionally, the anatase TiO2 protection layer on the photocathode creates a favorable internal band alignment for hydrogen evolution. An initial solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 19.3 % is obtained in acidic electrolyte and an efficiency of 18.5 % is achieved at neutral pH condition (under simulated sunlight). Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic properties

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Fully automated all-fiber widely-tunable optical-parametric-oscillator laser system

Fully automated all-fiber widely-tunable optical-parametric-...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe

作者： Thomas Gottschall Tobias Meyer Cesar Jauregui Florian Just Tino Eidam Michael Schmitt Jens Limpert Jurgen Popp Andreas Tunnermann Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 07745 Jena Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany Active Fiber Systems GmbH Wildenbruchstr. 15 07745 Jena Germany Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien Jena (IPHT) e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509067374

Among other modern imaging techniques, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) requires an extremely quiet, widely wavelength tunable laser [1], which, up to now, is unheard of in fiber laser systems. Here we present a compact all-fiber laser system, which features an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in an endlessly single-mode photonic-crystal fiber [2]. We employ pulses from an all-fiber frequency and repetition rate tunable laser, which after amplification and subsequent conversion in the linear OPO cavity arrangement are converted to wavelength ranges of 764 - 960 nm and 1164 - 1552 nm at a repetition rate of 9.5 MHz. Thus, all biochemically relevant Raman shifts from 922 to 3322 cm~(-1) may be addressed in combination with an additional output, which is tunable from 1024 to 1052 nm. This ultra-low-noise output emits synchronized pulses with twice the repetition rate to enable SRS imaging.

关键词： Fiber lasers Imaging techniques Laser systems Parametric oscillators Raman scattering Tunable lasers

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Fabrication of a multilayer spiral coil by selective bonding, debonding and MEMS technologies

Fabrication of a multilayer spiral coil by selective bonding...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular systems (NEMS)

作者： Tim Schroeder Joerg Froemel Shuji Tanaka Thomas Gessner WPI-AIMR Tohoku University Sendai Japan Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems Germany Technische Universität Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509019489

For the further miniaturization of integrated circuits, the integration of passive components on the chip is one approach. In DC-DC converter applications, the integration of the inductor with high inductivity is one problem. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a new technique for fabricating a multilayer spiral coil that is also useful as part of electromagnetic MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems) actuators. The multilayer coil is made by stacking separately fabricated coil layers and joining them with a selective bonding and debonding technique.

关键词： Copper Heating Glass Inductors Gold Adhesives

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Joint Decision Making and Cooperative Driver-Vehicle Interaction during Critical Driving Situations

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i-com 2016年第3期15卷 265-281页

作者： Altendorf, Eugen Weßel, Gina Baltzer, Marcel Canpolat, Yigiterkut Flemisch, Frank Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics Bergdriesch 27 Aachen52056 Germany Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Communication Information Processing and Ergonomics Fkie - Human-Systems Integration Wachtberg Germany

In automated driving, the human driver and an automation form a joint human-machine system. In this system, each partner has her own individual cognitive as well as perceptual processes, which enable them to perform the complex task of driving. On different layers of the driving task, both, drivers and automation systems, assess the situation and derive action decisions. Although the processes can be divided between human and machine, and are sometimes very elaborate, the outcome should be a joint one because it affects the entire driver-vehicle system. In this paper, the individual processes for decision-making are defined and a framework for joint decision-making is proposed. Joint decision-making relies on common goals and norms of the two subsystems, human and automation, and evolves with experience. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2016.

关键词： Automation

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Lock-in Thermography for the Development of New Materials

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2017年 4卷 S128-S134页

作者： Peter W. Nolte Timo Malvisalo A. Charlotte Rimbach Franziska Steudel Bernd Ahrens Stefan Schweizer Fraunhofer Application Center for Inorganic Phosphors Branch Lab of Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS Lübecker Ring 2 59494 Soest Germany Department of Electrical Engineering South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences Lübecker Ring 2 59494 Soest Germany

Thermal management is one of the crucial concerns for mid- and high-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Most of the currently available white LEDs on the market consist of a blue LED chip coated with a yellow phosphor-polymer composite. Besides the heat-induced degradation of the phosphor-polymer composite, the so-called thermal quenching, i.e. the decrease in light output upon increasing temperature, is also a pressing issue. Both result in an efficiency decrease and in a color change of the LED. In this work, a method to determine the thermal diffusivity and the thermal conductivity of phosphors is presented using lanthanide-doped glasses as test samples. In the quest for temperature-stable phosphors with a high thermal conductivity, such luminescent glasses might represent an attractive alternative. Thermal waves are introduced to the samples by periodical heating with a laser. Lock-in infrared thermography, a non-destructive method, is used to monitor even small changes in surface temperature. The phase delay of the thermal wave passing through the sample is analyzed at different lock-in frequencies and a mathematical fitting of the phase data then provides the coefficients required to determine the thermal diffusivity. Subsequently, the thermal conductivity is calculated from the thermal diffusivity, the mass density, and the specific heat capacity.

关键词： lock-in thermography thermal diffusivity thermal conductivity laser heating

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Preface ICTE 2014

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Procedia Computer Science 2015年第C期43卷 1-2页

作者： Ginters, Egils Schumann, Marco Sociotechnical Systems Engineering Institute Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Cesu Street 4 Valmiera Latvia Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation Sandtorstr. 22 Magdeburg Germany

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Model-based security analysis and applications to security economics 3

Model-based security analysis and applications to security e...

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3rd International Conference on Model-Driven engineering and Software Development, MODELSWARD 2015

作者： Jürjens, Jan Ahmadian, Amir Shayan Software Engineering Dep. of Computer Science TU Dortmund Dortmund Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897580833

In this invited presentation, we give an overview on a soundly based approach to Secure Software engineering based on the UML extension UMLsec. More specifically, one main current focus is the automated, formally based analysis of software artefacts against security requirements. This is motivated by the observation that the current state of security engineering in practice is far from satisfactory. The goal is thus to start with the actual industrial engineering methods of security-critical software-based systems, to identify problems which are practically amenable to tool-supported, formally sound analysis methods, and to try to solve these problems using these methods. An important objective is to ensure that these analysis methods can actually be used in practice by keeping the additional overhead in using them bounded: First, they take as input artefacts which are already available in current industrial software development (such as UML models and program source code) and do not have to be constructed just to perform the analysis. Second, the tools should be reasonably easy to use and have a strong emphasis on automation. We also present results from some recent work on applying model-based security analysis to the analysis of economic aspects of securing critical infrastructures. Copyright © 2015 SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications.

关键词： Security systems

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Self-healing elastomers - Healing functionalisation by polymer analogous side-group modification 17

Self-healing elastomers - Healing functionalisation by polym...

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17th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2016

作者： Nellesen, A. Von Tapavicza, M. Schmidt, A.M. Faculty of Civil Engineering Bochum University of Applied Sciences Lennershofstr. 140 Bochum44801 Germany Material Systems and High Pressure Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Osterfelder Str. 3 Oberhausen46047 Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Department of Physical Chemistry University of Cologne Luxemburger Str. 116 Cologne50939 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783000533877

Recently, elastomers that possess a self-healing capability gathered more and more attention in scientific research. Different principals were applied to trigger the restoration of mechanical properties and various characterization methods were applied to prove the concept. Based on biological self-repairing mechanisms, we have developed and realised several self-healing strategies for elastomers. Biological role models were analysed concerning their healing behaviour by the Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg. Ionomeric modification has proven to be most advantageous, especially for elastomers. Based on pure materials, we applied different polymer-analogous side-group modifications followed by ionisation of incorporated side-groups, the so called neutralisation step. Modified polymers are EPDM (ethylene propylene diene-terpolymer type M), NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) and SEBS (styrene ethylene butylene stryrene). Most positive self-healing results were observed for modified NBR-grades. After a macroscopic cut, reassembling, storage at 55°C for 24 h and subsequent tensile testing, samples made from unvulcanised material showed a recovery of 100 % (elongation at break) and 80 % (breaking stress). Vulcanised samples, after the same treatment, showed an elongation at break of 18 %, breaking stress of 15 %. This implicates that healing effectiveness strongly depends on degree of vulcanisation, neutralisation degree and healing temperature. © 2016, European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomimetics

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Online platform for conducting responsible research and innovations

Online platform for conducting responsible research and inno...

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International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, RCIS

作者： Mohamad Ajami Louisa Grabner Giovanni Giambene Van Le Doanh Luong John Pearson Automation Technology Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany Department of Information Engineering and Mathematical Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy Faculty of Computer Science University of Namur Namur Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987115

This paper deals with the implementation of an online platform for Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which provides anticipatory and deliberative tools to address societal expectations with regard to resrarch and innovation and mobilises information technology tools for inclusive, responsive and sustainable research. In particular, we have developed a Forum, which is a Web-based application and service for stakeholders (members of the RRI community) to deliberate and discuss about RRI. Different interaction modalities are supported by the Forum, such as: `Caucus Process', Suggestion Board, Partnership Initiative, etc. A special attention is devoted to the Citizen Jury and Tacit Knowledge modules that represent innovative features of our Forum. The outcomes show that our online Forum represents an effective solution to address RRI issues by adopting e-Government and knowledge management approaches. This work was carried out as part of EU FP7 Responsibility project.

关键词： Rail to rail inputs Technological innovation Stakeholders Electronic mail Electronic government Knowledge management Computer science

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Preface ICTE 2015

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Procedia Computer Science 2015年 77卷 1-2页

作者： Ginters, Egils Schumann, Marco Sociotechnical Systems Engineering Institute Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Cesu Street 4 ValmieraLV-4200 Latvia Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation Sandtorstr. 22 Magdeburg39106 Germany

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