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European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2015

作者： Saule, T. deVries, O. Holzberger, S. Plötner, M. Lücking, F. Limpert, J. Tünnermann, A. Krausz, F. Pupeza, I. Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Fakultät für Physik Am Coulombwall 1 Garching85748 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany Femtolasers Produktions GmbH Fernkorngasse 10 Vienna1100 Austria Active Fiber Systems GmbH Wildenbruchstr. 15 Jena07745 Germany Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Institut für Angewandte Physik Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 Jena07745 Germany

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Optimization of the synthesis of boron suboxide powders

Optimization of the synthesis of boron suboxide powders

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World Congress on engineering and Computer Science 2014, WCECS 2014

作者： Ogunmuyiwa, Enoch N. Johnson, Oluwagbenga T. Sigalas, Iakovos Hermann, Mathias Afolabi, Ayo S. Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering University of South Africa Florida Campus Johannesburg South Africa Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of Namibia Ongwediva-Campus South Africa School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Fraunhofer Institute of Ceramic Technologies and Systems Winterbergstrasse 28 DresdenD-01277 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789881925350

B6O powders were produced from the reaction between boric acid and amorphous boron powders at the reaction temperatures between 300 and 1400°C for 6 hours. The powders produced were characterized in terms of particle size, phase analysis and composition, product yield as well as morphology. Increase in temperature increases both the yield as well as the particle size of the produced powders. XRD pattern obtained also showed improved crystallinity of the produced powder as the temperature increases. SEM image obtained at higher temperature clearly showed improved crystalliniry (star-like crystals) as the reaction temperature was increased. The B6O powders synthesised at 1300°C for 6 hours had the optimum yield of over 95%.

关键词： Powders

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Heat dissipation studies on sub- sea cables wound on winches

Heat dissipation studies on sub- sea cables wound on winches

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International Symposium on Underwater Technology

作者： Ramesh Ravichandran A. Umapathy S. Muthukrishna Babu N. Vedhachalam K. Venkatesan G. Harikrishnan A.N. Subramanium G.A. Ramadass M.A. Atmanand Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science Toyonaka Japan ECE Department and Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF) Freiburg Germany Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University Aalto Finland DA-Design Oy Jokioinen Finland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT Finland University of Stuttgart Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor Systems Stuttgart Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

There are few applications in the industry where the power is conveyed to the destination by long cables which are stored on the winch rather being laid. This is particularly true if the load is a mobile system and cable length between the source and destination is of variable length as in the case of Remotely Operable Vehicles (ROV) and Underwater Mining Machines. This paper presents the dynamic analysis of heat transfer characteristics on subsea umbilical cable when wound on winches. Two different subsea umbilical cables were modeled and analyzed using Finite Element Analysis(FEA)Electromagnetic field simulation software with thermal analysis built-in. A simulation results was compared with the experimental value and found to be matching with the simulation results. The paper determines the de-rating factor of the reeled subsea umbilical cable to supply power to the underwater system continuously without damaging the Subsea umbilical cable. Existing Insulated Cable engineering Association (ICEA) do not provide de-rating factor for more than 4 layers and moreover the same is not suitable for subsea umbilical cables. The paper brings out the temperature rise in the subsea umbilical cable under wound and unwound conditions on a winch with multiple layers. The temperature rise at different layers of cable is arrived and this study will enable to size the cable suitably and control the amount of electrical loading that can be done over a period of time. FEA analysis was been done for 10 layers when it is in wound condition. From the results of the studies, safe ampacity curve for different layers of the cable is arrived for a specific ambient temperature. The safe ampacity curve can be used to estimate the operating window for the Underwater Mining Machine. The operating window for the mining machine can be improved by incorporating a suitable cooling mechanism on the cable winch.

关键词： Power cables Umbilical cable Underwater cables Winches Wounds Optical fiber cables Simulation

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Power minimization for industrial wireless networks under statistical delay constraints

Power minimization for industrial wireless networks under st...

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International Teletraffic Congress, ITC 21

作者： Neda Petreska Hussein Al-Zubaidy James Gross Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems and Communication Technologies ESK School of Electrical Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Energy efficiency is a very important aspect of modern communication systems. In particular, industrial appli-cations, that deploy wireless machine-to-machine communication and process automation, demand energy-efficient communication in order to prolong battery lifetime and reduce inter-node interference, while maintaining a predefined probabilistic delay bound. In this work, we propose an algorithm that minimizes the transmit power in a WirelessHART network under statistical delay constraints. We achieve this by utilizing a recently developed network calculus approach for wireless networks performance analysis. The evaluation of the algorithm shows that it reaches quasi-minimal power settings within a few iterations.

关键词： Delays Signal to noise ratio Wireless communication Calculus Fading Quality of service Wireless sensor networks

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Determination of the Cooling Requirements for Single Cell Photovoltaic Receivers under Variable Atmospheric Parameters

Determination of the Cooling Requirements for Single Cell Ph...

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IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference

作者： Marios Theristis Cameron Stark Tadhg S. O'Donovan Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom Center for Sustainable Energy Systems Fraunhofer USA Albuquerque New Mexico 87106 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479979455

The performance of multij unction solar cells in the field varies significantly compared to the rating under standard test conditions;this is mainly due to the spectral sensitivity of such solar cells. The additional losses in the electrical power contribute to the thermal load which needs to be dissipated by a cooling mechanism attached to the back of the receiver. It is important therefore to quantify the heat power under realistic conditions. This paper investigates the cooling requirements of single cell photovoltaic receivers taking into consideration the influence of turbidity (or aerosol optical depth) and precipitable water. It is shown that a heat transfer coefficient greater than 1300 W/m~2K is required to keep the solar cell under 100°C at all times.

关键词： cell temperature concentrating photovoltaics cooling requirements spectral effects triple-junction solar cells

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TiO2Nanotubes: Nitrogen‐Ion Implantation at Low Dose Provides Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalytic H2‐Evolution Activity

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Angewandte Chemie 2016年第11期128卷

作者： Xuemei Zhou Volker Häublein Ning Liu Nhat Truong Nguyen Eva M. Zolnhofer Hiroaki Tsuchiya Manuela S. Killian Karsten Meyer Lothar Frey Patrik Schmuki Department of Materials Science WW-4 LKO University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystrasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565–0871 Japan

Low‐dose nitrogen implantation induces an ion and damage profile in TiO 2 nanotubes that leads to “co‐catalytic” activity for photocatalytic H 2 ‐evolution (without the use of any noble metal). Ion implantation with adequate parameters creates this active zone limited to the top part of the tubes. The coupling of this top layer and the underlying non‐implanted part of the nanotubes additionally contributes to an efficient carrier separation and thus to a significantly enhanced H 2 generation.

关键词： H2-Entwicklung Ionenimplantierung Photokatalyse Stickstoff TiO2-Nanoröhren

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Specifying intra-component dependencies for synthesizing component behaviors 1

Specifying intra-component dependencies for synthesizing com...

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1st International Workshop on Model-Driven engineering for Component-Based Software systems, ModComp 2014

作者： Dziwok, Stefan Goschin, Sebastian Becker, Steffen Software Engineering Group Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Zukunftsmeile 1 Paderborn33102 Germany Fraunhofer IPT Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design Software Engineering Zukunftsmeile 1 Paderborn33102 Germany Step2e Innovation GmbH Rosstraenke 4 Passau94032 Germany

Cyber-physical systems, e.g., cars, interact with their physical environment, underlie real-time constraints, and exchange messages with each other. An engineer can define their software using a componentbased architecture. An approach to manage the complexity of this task is to separate concerns by specifying the behavior of each component's port independently and, afterwards, synthesizing the component behavior based on the port's behaviors and their dependencies. Though, such a synthesis requires to specify the intra-component dependencies formally. However, for several dependencies that are commonly used, no formal language exists. In this paper, we present a language that enables the specification of all commonly used dependencies in the domain of cyber-physical systems. Moreover, we define the requirements for an intra-component dependency language, provide an extended synthesis process, and introduce the dependency kinds the language shall support.

关键词： Cyber Physical System

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Considering architectural properties in real-time play-out 44

Considering architectural properties in real-time play-out

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44. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fur Informatik INFORMATIK 2014 - Big Data - Komplexitat meistern - Big Data - Mastering Complexity: 44th Annual Meeting of the Society for Computer Science, INFORMATICS 2014

作者： Holtmann, Jörg Shipchanov, Dimitar Software Engineering Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Zukunftsmeile 1 Paderborn33102 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Paderborn Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn33098 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796268

Real-time embedded systems (RTES), as in the automotive domain, provide their functionality by executing software operations on hardware with restricted resources and by communicating via buses. The properties of the underlying architecture, i.e., execution times of software operations and bus latencies, cause delays during the provision of the functionality. At the same time, RTES have to fulfill strict real-time requirements. The fulfillment of such real-time requirements under consideration of delays induced by architectural properties should be taken into account already during requirements engineering (RE) to avoid costly iterations in subsequent development phases. In previous work, we developed a formal RE approach based on a recent Live Sequence Chart (LSC) variant, so-called Modal Sequence Diagrams (MSDs). This scenario-based RE approach allows to validate the requirements by means of simulation, i.e., the play-out algorithm originally conceived for LSCs. Our MSD play-out approach considers assumptions on the environment as well as real-time requirements and is applicable to hierarchical component architectures, which makes it well suited for automotive systems. However, delays induced by architectural properties are not considered. In order to consider this important aspect, we introduce in this paper an approach enabling the annotation of software operation execution times and connector latencies to hierarchical component architectures by means of the MARTE profile. These assumptions about the architectural properties can be verified against the realtime requirements specified in the MSDs by means of simulation. We illustrate the approach by means of an example of an automotive RTES.

关键词： Requirements engineering

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Wired and wireless charging of electric vehicles: A system approach

Wired and wireless charging of electric vehicles: A system a...

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International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)

作者： Georgios Lempidis Yichuan Zhang Marco Jung René Marklein Sotirios Sotiriou Yanqi Ma Systems Engineering and Distribution Grids Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES) Kassel Germany

In this paper the complete topology of a multifunctional charging system for electric vehicle (EV) is discussed. A resonant inductive energy transfer system is analyzed, simulated and experimentally validated. Finally, a control strategy for the bidirectional LLC resonant converter is proposed in order to increase efficiency in partial load operation.

关键词： Coils Magnetic fields Inductance Topology Couplings Atmospheric modeling Electric vehicles

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Pallet monitoring system based on a heterogeneous sensor network for transparent warehouse processes

Pallet monitoring system based on a heterogeneous sensor net...

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Workshop on Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF)

作者： Hagen Borstell Jewgeni Kluth Marcel Jaeschke Cathrin Plate Bernd Gebert Klaus Richter Material Handling Engineering and Systems Expert Group Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF Magdeburg Germany

Increased transparency of material and product flows in warehouses will necessitate real-time determination of the properties of logistical units (e.g. small bins, parcels, palletized goods, intermodal containers). The key properties of logistical units are their unique identifiers and locations at a given time. Other properties such as dimensions, weight or temperature may also be relevant, depending on the use case. This paper presents a pallet monitoring system that determines the characteristics of pallets, namely storage location, storage time, dimensions and appearance. Technically, this is done by combining the MarLO vehicle positioning system that employs passive planar markers, an RFID identification system, a dimensioning system that employs depth sensors and a load change detection system mounted on vehicles. The proposed approach was developed and evaluated in a real world test bed. This enabled us to transfer the subsystems' accuracy to our new pallet monitoring system, i.e. we achieved a pallet positioning accuracy of up to 10 cm, a pallet dimensioning accuracy of up to 5 cm in each dimension and highly accurate pallet identification. By fusing the data from these subsystems, we were able to generate the aforementioned pallet information for subsequent monitoring and control of warehouse operations in real-time.

关键词： Robustness Logic gates Radiofrequency identification Monitoring Inspection Plastics Transponders

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