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State of the art of performance evaluation methods for concentrating solar collectors

AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1734卷

作者： Annie Hofer Loreto Valenzuela Nicole Janotte Juan Ignacio Burgaleta Jaime Arraiza Marco Montecchi Fabienne Sallaberry Tiago Osório Maria João Carvalho Fabrizio Alberti Korbinian Kramer Anna Heimsath Werner Platzer Stephan Scholl 1Dipl.-Ing. Scientific Researcher Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 2CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de Almería Crta. Senes km. 4.5 04200 Tabernas (Almería) Spain 3German Aerospace Center (DLR) Linder Hohe 51147 Cologne Germany 4SENER Engineering Division Adva. Zugazarte 56 48930 Las Arenas Bizkaia Spain 5Acciona Energía S.A. Avda. Ciudad de la Innovación N° 5 31621 Sarriguren Navarra Spain 6Researcher Physicist ENEA CR Casaccia Via Anguillarese 301 00123 S. Maria di Galeria (Roma) Italy 7National Renewable Energy Centre of Spain (CENER) Solar Thermal Energy Department Ciudad de la Innovación 7 31621 Sarriguren Navarra Spain 8University of Évora – ST Renewable Energies Chair Palácio do Vimioso Largo Marquês de Marialva 7002-554 Évora Portugal 9Senior Researcher LNEG Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22 1649-038 Lisboa Portugal 10Fondazione Bruno Kessler ARES Unit Via alla Cascata 56/C 38123 Trento Italy 11Scientific Researchers Fraunhofer ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 12Prof. Dr.-Ing. Head of Institute for Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering ICTV Technical University Braunschweig Langer Kamp 7 38106 Braunschweig Germany

For the development and establishment of concentrating solar thermal collectors a reliable and comparable performance testing and evaluation is of great importance. To ensure a consistent performance testing in the area of low- temperature collectors a widely accepted and commonly used international testing standard (ISO 9806:2013) is already available. In contrast to this, the standard ISO 9806:2013 has not completely penetrated the testing sector of concentrating collectors yet. On that account a detailed literature review has been performed on published testing procedures and evaluation methodologies as well as existing testing standards. The review summarizes characteristics of the different steady-state, quasi-dynamic and fully dynamic testing methods and presents current advancements, assets and drawbacks as well as limitations of the evaluation procedures. Little research is published in the area of (quasi-) dynamic testing of large solar collectors and fields. As a complementary a survey has been conducted focusing on currently implemented evaluation procedures in this particular field. Among the ten participants of the survey were project partners of relevant industry and research institutions within the European project STAGE-STE (Work package 11 - Linear focusing STE technologies). The survey addressed general aspects of the systems under test, as well as required process conditions and detailed characteristics of the evaluation procedures. In congruence with the literature review, the survey shows a similar tendency: the quasi-dynamic testing method according ISO 9806:2013 presents the most common and advanced evaluation procedure mainly used in the context of tracking concentrating collectors for the performance assessment of parabolic trough collectors operating with thermal oil or pressurized water. These common solar systems can be evaluated with minor adaptions to the testing standard. Evaluation procedures focused on in-situ measurements in solar f

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Studies on thinned flexible integrated capacitive pressure sensors in tactile sensor arrays for the use in robotics and prosthetics

Studies on thinned flexible integrated capacitive pressure s...

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2013 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, TRANSDUCERS and EUROSENSORS 2013

作者： Muntjes, J.A. Hafner, J. Gortz, M. Mokwa, W. Institute for Materials in Electrical Engineering i RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467359818

This paper examines the behavior of thinned and thereby flexible integrated silicon pressure sensors embedded in an array for tactile sensing in robotics and prosthetics. The aim of this sensor array is the detection of tactile sensations with high resolution. As a further requirement it should be possible to mount the sensor array onto an irregular surface, e.g. a prosthetic or robotic hand. For this the sensor array needs to be flexible which has an influence on the silicon components integrated in the tactile sensor. In this paper the effects of flexibilization and bending on the pressure sensor signals are studied. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Tactile sensors

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Demonstration: VR-HYPERSPACE — The innovative use of virtual reality to increase comfort by changing the perception of self and space

Demonstration: VR-HYPERSPACE — The innovative use of virtua...

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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： Mirabelle D'Cruz Harshada Patel Laura Lewis Sue Cobb Matthias Bues Oliver Stefani Tredeaux Grobler Kaj Helin Juhani Viitaniemi Susanna Aromaa Bernd Fröhlich Stephan Beck André Kunert Alexander Kulik Ioannis Karaseitanidis Panagiotis Psonis Nikos Frangakis Mel Slater Ilias Bergstrom Konstantina Kilteni Elena Kokkinara Betty Mohler Markus Leyrer Florian Soyka Enrico Gaia Domenico Tedone Michael Olbert Mario Cappitelli The University of Nottingham UK Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering Germany VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Bauhaus-Universitat Weimar Germany Institute of Communications and Computer Systems Greece UnivoFsity of BaFGolona Spain Max Planck Institute for BiologiGal CyboFnotiGsGOFmany Thales Alenia Space Italia Italy Airbus Group Innovations EADS Innovation works Germany

Our vision is that regardless of future variations in the interior of airplane cabins, we can utilize ever-advancing state-of-the-art virtual and mixed reality technologies with the latest research in neuroscience and psychology to achieve high levels of comfort for passengers. Current surveys on passenger's experience during air travel reveal that they are least satisfied with the amount and effectiveness of their personal space, and their ability to work, sleep or rest. Moreover, considering current trends it is likely that the amount of available space is likely to decrease and therefore the passenger's physical comfort during a flight is likely to worsen significantly. Therefore, the main challenge is to enable the passengers to maintain a high level of comfort and satisfaction while being placed in a restricted physical space.

关键词： Virtual reality Airplanes Neuroscience Shape Educational institutions Psychology Computers

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The market for open source: An intelligent virtual open source marketplace

The market for open source: An intelligent virtual open sour...

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Software Maintenance, Reengineering, and Reverse engineering, (CSMR-WCRE)

作者： Gabriele Bavota Alicja Ciemniewska Ilknur Chulani Antonio De Nigro Massimiliano Di Penta Davide Galletti Roberto Galoppini Thomas F. Gordon Pawel Kedziora Ilaria Lener Francesco Torelli Roberto Pratola Juliusz Pukacki Yacine Rebahi Sergio García Villalonga University of Sannio Italy Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center Poland ATOS Research Spain Engineering Ingegneria Informatica SPA Italy Slahhdot Media (UK branch office) UK Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS) Berlin Germany T6 ECO Italy

This paper describes the MARKOS (the MARKet for Open Source) European Project, a FP7-ICT-2011-8 STREP project, which aims to realize a service and an interactive application providing an integrated view on the open source projects available on the web, focusing on functional, structural, and licenses aspects of software source code. MARKOS involves 7 partners from 5 countries, including industries, universities, and research institutions. MARKOS differs from other services available on the Web - which often provide textual-based code search - in that it provides the possibility to browse the code structure at a high level of abstraction, in order to facilitate the understanding of the software from a technical point of view. Also, it highlights relationships between software components released by different projects, giving an integrated view of the available Open Source software at a global scale. Last, but not least, MARKOS is able to highlight potential legal issues due to license incompatibilities, providing explanations for these issues and supporting developers in the search for alternative solutions to their problems. MARKOS will involve end users in order to allow to practice its results in scenarios coming from industrial and Open Source communities.

关键词： Licenses Software Semantics Libraries Software engineering Ontologies Crawlers

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Reference Ontologies to Support the Development of New Product-Service Lifecycle systems

Reference Ontologies to Support the Development of New Produ...

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IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference on Advances in Production Management systems, APMS 2014

作者： Palmer, Claire Urwin, Esmond Neil Pinazo-Sánchez, Jose Miguel Cid, Francisco Sánchez Pajkovska-Goceva, Sonja Young, Robert Ian Marr Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire United Kingdom Ainia centro tecnológico Parque tecnológico de Valencia Avinguda de Benjamin Franklin 5-11 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain Instituto Tecnológico de Informática Camino de Vera s/n Edif. 8G Acceso B CP 46022 Valencia Spain Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783662447352

In competitive and time sensitive market places, organisations are tasked with providing Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) approaches to achieve and maintain competitive advantage, react to change and understand the balance of possible options when making decisions on complex multi-faceted problems, Global Production Networks (GPN) is one such domain in which this applies. When designing and configuring GPN to develop, manufacture and deliver product-service provision, information requirements that affect decision making become more complex. The application of reference ontologies to a domain and its related information requirements can enhance and accelerate the development of new product-service lifecycle systems with a view towards the seamless interchange of information or interoperability between systems and domains. This paper presents (i) preliminary results for the capture and modelling of end-user information and (ii) an initial higher level reference core ontology for the development of reference ontologies to ameliorate product-service lifecycle management for GPN. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2014.

关键词： Interoperability

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Simulation speedup techniques for computationally demanding tasks

Simulation speedup techniques for computationally demanding ...

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13th Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, BS 2013

作者： Giannakis, G.I. Pichler, M. Kontes, G.D. Schranzhofer, H. Rovas, D.V. Department of Production Engineering and Management Technical University of Crete Chania Greece Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Group of Energy Systems Institute for Building Physics Fraunhofer Germany

The computational cost for the repeated evaluation of zonal-type building simulation models can be prohibitive especially in contexts, such as Building Optimization and Control Design, where repeated evaluation of the models - for different initial and boundary conditions - is required. In the present paper, two techniques to reduce simulation time are investigated: (i) geometry simplification for periodic geometries;and, (ii) the use of co-simulation to split a building into simpler sub-buildings, that can be evaluated in parallel, exploiting the resources of multi-core computational architectures. These simulation speed-up approaches are evaluated, with respect to accuracy and computational effort, against the validated full-scale models of two real buildings. Copyright © 2011 by IPAC'11/EPS-AG.

关键词： Buildings

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5th International Symposium on Focused Ultrasound Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND 2016年第SUPPL 1期4卷 1-1页

作者： [Anonymous] Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel Stanford University Stanford CA USA University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Columbia University New York NY USA Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane (St Lucia Campus) QLD Australia University of Leuven Leuven Belgium University of Maryland School of Medicine/Baltimore VAMC Baltimore MD USA Research & Development Service VA Maryland Healthcare System and University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Boston University Boston MA USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda MD USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Focused Ultrasound Foundation Charlottesville VA USA Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Institut Langevin Ondes et Images ESPCI ParisTech CNRS UMR 7587 INSERM U979 Paris France CENIR ICM CNRS U7225 INSERM U975 Paris France University Children’s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada Centre for Image Guided Innovation and Therapeutic Intervention Toronto ON Canada Philips Healthcare Canada Toronto ON Canada Toronto Western Hospital Toronto ON Canada Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute Thunder Bay ON Canada Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital The Catholic University of Korea Incheon Republic of Korea Departme

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Complex bore holes fabricated by combined Helical Laser Drilling and Micro Electrical Discharge Machining

Complex bore holes fabricated by combined Helical Laser Dril...

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28th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision engineering, ASPE 2013

作者： Uhlmann, Eckart Oberschmidt, Dirk Langmack, Malte Department Micro Production Engineering Fraunhofer-Institute Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany Department Micro Production Engineering Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Germany

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Electrical and electroluminescence properties of silicon nanocystals/SiO2 superlattices

Electrical and electroluminescence properties of silicon nan...

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Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits IV

作者： López-Vidrier, Julian Berencén, Yonder Mundet, Bernat Hernández, Sergi Gutsch, Sebastian Hiller, Daniel Löper, Philipp Schnabel, Manuel Janz, Stefan Zacharias, Margit Garrido, Blas MIND-IN2UB Departament D'Electrònica Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain IMTEK Faculty of Engineering Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 D-79110 Freiburg Germany ISE Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstr. 2 D-79110 Freiburg Germany École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory Rue de la Maladière 71b CH-2002 Neuchâtel Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628410815

The electrical and electroluminescence (EL) properties of Si-rich oxynitride (SRON)/SiO2 superlattices are studied for different silicon excess and layer thicknesses. The precipitation and crystallization of the Si excess present within the SRON layers is induced by a post-deposition annealing treatment, in order to form Si nanocrystals (Si-NCs). The electrical characterization performed in dark conditions allowed for deducing the charge transport mechanism through the superlattice structure, found to follow the Poole-Frenkel law. In addition, the EL investigation revealed the correlation between EL excitation and transport mechanisms, suggesting that impact ionization of high-energy conduction electrons dominates the whole frame. The reduction of the SiO2 barrier thickness and the increase in the Si excess were found to enhance the carrier transport through the superlattices due to the reduction of the electrons mean free path, which, in turn, modifies the EL properties. © 2014 SPIE.

关键词： Electroluminescence

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High precision injection moulding of freeform optics with 3D error compensation strategy 13

High precision injection moulding of freeform optics with 3D...

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13th International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2013

作者： Dick, L. Risse, S. Tünnermann, A. JENOPTIK Polymer Systems GmbH Germany Friedrich Schiller University Jena Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679024

Injection moulding offers a cost efficient method for manufacturing high precision plastic optics in high volumes. In connection with the demand for freeform optics in imaging optical systems like head mounted devices or head up displays [1], unsymmetrical shrinkage compensation strategies have to be developed to realize freeform optical surfaces with high precision for high volume applications. This paper describes an efficient method for significantly increasing the form accuracy of injection moulded freeform optics. In this regard, a typical plastic freeform optics has been designed, moulded, and commonly optimized by main moulding process parameters. The process-related shrinkage of the freeform optics generated a non-rotationally symmetric surface error. To compensate for such kind of non-uniform shrinkage, a freeform error surface had to be superimposed to the freeform design surface on the mould. Regarding the measurement analysis, two strategies are discussed. The first method is a best-fit procedure and in the second case, well defined reference structures are used. In conclusion, the systematic form deviation can successfully be pushed from the typical range of illumination optics into the level of some imaging applications at moulded plastic optics.

关键词： Shrinkage

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