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European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication

作者： J. Bauwelinck R. Vaernewyck J. Verbrugghe W. Soenen B. Moeneclaey C. Van Praet A. Vyncke G. Torfs X. Yin X. Z. Qiu J. Vandewege N. Sotiropoulos H. de Waardt R. Cronin G. Maxwell T. Tekin P. Bakopoulos C. P. Lai P. D. Townsend INTEC/IMEC Ghent University COBRA Institute Eindhoven University of Technology CIP Technologies Adastral Park Marlesham Heath Fraunhofer IZM School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Photonic Systems Group Tyndall National Institute University College Cork

ISBN: (纸本)9781629935935

High-speed electronic integrated circuits are essential to the development of new fiber-optic communication systems. Close integration and co-design of photonic and electronic devices are becoming more and more a necessity to realize the best performance trade-offs. This paper presents our most recent results and a brief introduction to our research in recently started EU projects.

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Increase in Generation of Poly-Crystalline Silicon by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Assisted Excimer Laser Annealing

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2013年第6期3卷 346-351页

作者： Alexander Gredner Christoph Gerhard Stephan Wieneke Kai Schmidt Wolfgang Viol Laboratory for Laser and Plasma Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts G6ttingen 3 7085 Germany Application Center for Plasma and Photonic Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films GOttingen 37085Germany Coherent Laser Systems GmbH & Co. KG Gottingen 37079 Germany

In this work, a novel atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted excimer laser annealing method for increasing the generation efficiency of poly-crystalline silicon from amorphous silicon layers is presented. Here, both the plasma and the laser propagate coaxially in order to generate energetic synergies. The influence of different process gases and plasma discharge modes as well as the working distance were investigated. Depending on the particularly applied plasma, the crystalline area was increased by a factor of approx. 1.1 to 1.9, where the highest efficiency was observed when introducing an argon plasma beam to the annealing process.

关键词：等离子体辅助准分子雷射激光退火多晶硅常压生成效率激光传播协同作用

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Rapid detection of different human anti-HCV immunoglobulins on electrical biochips

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Antibody Technology Journal 2014年 4卷 23页

作者： Blohm, Lars Püttmann, Christiane Holz, Simone Piechotta, Gundula Albers, Jörg Dammers, Christina Kleines, Michael Krüttgen, Alexander Melmer, Georg Nähring, Jörg Barth, Stefan Nebling, Eric 1 Department of Biotechnical Microsystems Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology Itzehoe Germany2 POCDIA GmbH Itzehoe Germany 3 Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy Institute for Applied Medical Engineering Uniklinik RWTH Aachen Germany 1 Department of Biotechnical Microsystems Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology Itzehoe Germany 4 Institute of Biology VII Molecular Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany5 Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Aachen Germany6 Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany 7 Department of Hygiene Microbiology Social Medicine Division of Virology Medical University IBK Innsbruck Austria8 Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr Stein und Kollegen Mönchengladbach Germany 8 Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr Stein und Kollegen Mönchengladbach Germany9 Department of Medical Microbiology Division of Virology Uniklinik RWTH Aachen Germany 2 POCDIA GmbH Itzehoe Germany10 Pharmedartis GmbH Aachen Germany 2 POCDIA GmbH Itzehoe Germany5 Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Aachen Germany 3 Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy Institute for Applied Medical Engineering Uniklinik RWTH Aachen Germany5 Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Aachen Germany

The detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood of patients is currently based on immunological assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and recombinant immunoblot assay) that use different HCV epitopes to detect anti-HCV antibodies, and these tests usually require laboratories and trained personnel. The ELISA-based systems are also time consuming. Portable diagnostic devices offering rapid test results would therefore be advantageous in the field of medical care. To facilitate the fast and reliable diagnosis of HCV, we used a miniaturized automated system based on a cartridge with an integrated electrical biochip for the decentralized detection of anti-HCV antibodies against the Core, NS3, and NS4A proteins. This system allows the detection of virus-specific antibodies in 2 µL of serum or whole blood within 15 minutes using an ELISA directly on a gold electrode array containing HCV proteins as the capture antigen. The sensitivity of this system is comparable with standard microtiter plate ELISAs, but the duration of the novel assay is 5%–6% that of standard ELISAs.

关键词： ELISA point-of-care cartridge lab-on-chip

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Intelligent scheduling of parallel harware tests: Evaluation and implementation of scheduling algorithms for constraint scheduling

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2012年

作者： Michael Galetzka

ISBN: (纸本)9783847301691

Scheduling tests with constraints is a complex problem, and there are many different algorithms to solve it. This book gives an insight into several of these algorithms. They were evaluated to create a test scheduling framework to test the Large Hadron Collider's equipment at CERN. These hardware tests come with many constraints as the stored energy from the superconducting magnet circuits is able to cause major equipment damage and downtime. For safety reasons, a high degree of dependability is a principal requirement for the scheduling component of this framework. The challenge presented in this work is not only to implement one of the scheduling algorithms but also to make the implementation easy to use, maintainable and reliable.

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Quantitative modeling of fluorescent emission in photonic crystals

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Physical Review B 2013年第20期88卷 205118-205118页

作者： Johannes Gutmann Hans Zappe Jan Christoph Goldschmidt Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 79110 Freiburg Germany Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 102 79110 Freiburg Germany Department of Physics Imperial College London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Photonic crystals affect the photon emission of embedded emitters due to an altered local density of photon states (LDOS). We review the calculation of the LDOS from eigenmodes in photonic crystals and propose a rate equation model for fluorescent emitters to determine the changes in emission induced by the LDOS. We show how to calculate the modifications of three experimentally accessible characteristics: emission spectrum (spectral redistribution), emitter quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime. As an example, we present numerical results for the emission of the dye Rhodamine B inside an opal photonic crystal. For such photonic crystals with small permittivity contrast, the LDOS is only weakly modified, resulting in rather small changes. We point out that in experiments, however, usually only part of the emitted light is detected, which can have a very different spectral distribution (e.g., due to a photonic band gap in the direction of detection). We demonstrate the calculation of this detected spectrum for a typical measurement setup. With this reasoning, we explain the previously not fully understood experimental observation that strong spectral modifications occurred, while at the same time only small changes in lifetime were found. With our approach, the mentioned effects can be quantitatively calculated for fluorescent emitters in any photonic crystal.

关键词： PHOTONIC crystals RHODAMINE B FLUORESCENCE PHOTONICS MATERIALS science

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The Nature of Screen Printed Front Side Silver Contacts - Results of the Project MikroSol

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Energy Procedia 2013年 43卷 27-36页

作者： Rene Hoenig Michael Duerrschnabel Willem van Mierlo Zainul Aabdin Joerg Bernhard Johannes Biskupek Oliver Eibl Ute Kaiser Juergen Wilde Florian Clement Daniel Biro Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany University of Tuebingen AG Eibl Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tuebingen Germany University of Ulm AG Kaiser Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK Albert-Ludwigs-University Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany

The joint research project MikroSol focuses on electrical and microstructural properties of screen printed front side silver contacts. Special attention is given to the contact resistance of the contacts as well as metallization- induced recombination losses in the space charge region of the solar cell. Differently processed industrial solar cells were characterized by electrical measurements as well as analytical electron microscopy including quantitative chemical analyses. The microstructure of these contacts was studied over a large range of length scales from several tens of microns down to a few nanometers. Distinct differences were found for the specific contact resistance depending on the screen printing paste. Microstructural analyses revealed a continuous wetting layer for pastes yielding lower contact resistances. Focused ion beam tomography confirmed the presence of a continuous wetting layer over distances of several microns and revealed new insights about the morphology of front side silver contacts on alkaline textured surfaces. Furthermore, varying densities of nano silver colloids were identified in the continuous glass layer and these colloids were studied by (high-resolution) electron microscopy.

关键词： front side silver contacts contact formation current transport screen printing crystalline silicon solar cells

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Designing Output-Power-Optimized Thermoelectric Generators via Analytic and Finite Element Method Modelling

Designing Output-Power-Optimized Thermoelectric Generators v...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology

作者： F. Assion C. Fischer M. Schonhof U. Hilleringmann C. Hedayat Sensor Technology Department University of Paderborn 33098 Paderborn Germany Department of Advanced System Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano-Systems 33098 Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345675

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are capable of transforming waste heat directly into electric power. They are very reliable and do not need any kind of maintenance at all, which makes them interesting for a wide range of applications. To design specific TEG for different purposes a fast and cheap tool is needed to optimize the geometric structure based on the used materials and boundary conditions. Therefore, we tested a commercial finite element method simulation versus a self-implemented analytic calculation and compared them with real measurements. The results of the two simulations types were in good agreement to each other and near by the measured value. Beside the length of the thermocouple as a well-known design parameter, two more relevant parameters have been proposed. The thermal conduction of the hot/cold side and the geometrical matching of the n/p-doped thermoelectric material have a great influence on the device performance.

关键词： thermoelectric generators Electric generators equipment performance Conductive heat transfer thermoelectric materials geometrical construction Finite element method Thermocouple Values in measurement waste heat Electric power electrical energy

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Development of a high-throughput fine line metallization process using CFD-simulation

Development of a high-throughput fine line metallization pro...

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2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： M. Pospischil M. Klawitter M. Kuchler J. Specht H. Gentischer R. Efinger M. König M. Hörteis C. Mohr L. Wende J. Lossen M. Weiss O. Doll I. Köhler R. Zengerle F. Clement D. Biro Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg Thick Film Materials Division Business Unit Photovoltaics Hanau ASYS Automatisierungssysteme GmbH Solar & New Technologies Dornstadt Bosch Solar Energy AG Arnstadt Merck KGaA Performance Materials Division Darmstadt Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

In order to enhance dispensing technology towards an industrial application in Silicon Photovoltaics, in particular throughput rate has to be increased. For this reason, a novel parallel high precision fine line dispensing unit is currently being developed at fraunhofer ISE providing one nozzle per contact finger and a central Paste supply. In order to ensure a homogeneous paste distribution to all nozzles, the influence of paste rheology on the flow profile of the dispensing nozzles was analyzed. An analytical comparison of two different dispensing pastes with water gave a good insight on the influence of paste rheology on flow patterns inside the dispensing nozzles. Furthermore, numerical CFD-simulation (CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics) was used to investigate different nozzle geometries and finally print head designs. In various iteration steps, the influence of fabrication tolerances especially concerning the nozzle geometry was isolated and print head designs were optimized based on CFD towards maximum process stability. In the meantime, process optimization using a single nozzle approach led to an average finger width below 35 μm, confirmed by several characterization methods.

关键词： Fingers Stress Rheology Metallization Geometry Printing

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End-of-line testing and formation process in Li-ion battery assembly lines

End-of-line testing and formation process in Li-ion battery ...

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9th International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2012

作者： Wolter, M. Fauser, G. Bretthauer, C. Roscher, M.A. Energy Storage Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Dresden Germany Battery Plant Technologies ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH Hohenstein-Ernstthal Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467315906

The large-scale production of large-format Li-ion batteries is a challenging topic for suppliers of materials and components as well as for manufacturers of battery cells. Particularly, the formation and electrical testing of individual battery cells - the last steps of the production line - are identified as a significant bottleneck for mass production. Thus, detailed studies on end-of-line testing and formation were carried out to develop efficient test procedures and parameter extraction regarding cell quality monitoring. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Designing photovoltaic cells for indoor energy harvesting systems

Designing photovoltaic cells for indoor energy harvesting sy...

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9th International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2012

作者： Rühle, K. Freunek, M. Reindl, L.M. Kasemann, M. University of Freiburg Department of Microsystems Engineering 79110 Freiburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE 79110 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467315906

Recent research focuses on developing photovoltaic cells that are optimized for indoor conditions and therefore suitable for photovoltaic energy harvesting in micro systems. The available conditions for indoor photovoltaic cells are investigated and discussed concerning intensity and spectra. The influence of the parallel and series resistances on the efficiency of crystalline and amorphous Silicon devices with decreasing intensity are discussed and compared to simulations with the two diode model. For low intensities as present indoors (-2) the parallel resistance restricts the achievable efficiency and needs therefore to be optimized. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical cells

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