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In situ monitoring technologies for ammonthermal reactors

Physica Status Solidi (C) Current Topics in Solid State Physics 2012年第3-4期9卷 436-439页

作者： Alt, N. Meissner, E. Schlücker, E. Frey, L. Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering University of Erlangen Nuremberg Cauerstr. 4 91058 Erlangen Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Systems and Device Technology Schottkystr. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany

We developed an optical cell which can be operated at real ammonthermal reaction conditions under high pressure (200MPa, 300MPa optional) and temperatures up to 650 °C. First video optical and spectroscopical studies were made to demonstrate the feasibility of in situ monitoring of the ammonothermal growth process of GaN with the optical cell. So far unknown parameters like e.g. flow velocity of the fluid could be investigated by simple imaging of particle movement. The in situ optical cell offers access to spectroscopic investigations or direct temperature measurements. First measurements show light absorption of chemical species in the reaction fluid in the UV to near IR range which changes with temperature and pressure implying that more than one intermediate species is present. The application of this optical cell is not restricted to a particular ammonothermal route but can be applied to either ammonothermal variant. An additional development was a reactor with five type K thermocouples to measure the temperature distribution directly in the reaction chamber up to 650 °C and 300 MPa. The flexibility of the thermocouples allows the measurements at nearly any point in the fluid. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Thermocouples

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Multi-Robot Approach for Automation of an Industrial Profile Lamination Process

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Procedia engineering 2012年 41卷 981-987页

作者： Dirk Bielawny Torsten Bruns Chia Choon Loh Ansgar Traechtler Control Engineering and Mechatronics Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn 33102 Paderborn Germany Fraunhofer IPT Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design 33102 Paderborn Germany

In this paper we present a multi-robot application from the field of industrial automation. The multi-robot system forms the central part of a novel kind of profile wrapping machine, which is used to laminate decorative surfaces onto profiles, e.g. parts for window frames. The robots operate in a confined area and perform different tasks such as re-tooling and setting up machine parts simultaneously as quick and as accurate as possible. During lamination, each robot uses a special roller to press the adhesive-coated surface onto the profile. For this application, we use a scalable number of at least 10 and up to 50 standard articulated-arm robots. The system consists of three lines of robots, three movable depots capable of holding hundreds of different rollers and a computer with a fieldbus interface allowing for communication with additional machine components like servo converters. On the computer runs custom software and serves as a central control unit. The control software receives the given reference values, like roller positions and desired pressure, and distributes them to the robots. Robot actions are triggered, monitored and synchronized by the central control unit, but every robot performs its tasks autonomously. The main control unit and robots communicate via standard Ethernet, since time-critical actions can be handled on each robot's own controller. User interface and sophisticated software modules allowing for a completely automated machine configuration are also linked to the control system via Ethernet, as well as any additional components like data logging or remote service applications. Tests revealed that the multi-robot approach for profile wrapping reduces set-up time from more than 1.5 hrs on conventional machines to approximately five minutes. At the same time, it ensures a higher and more constant process quality as the system autonomously compensates for wear of rollers or variation in the profile's geometry.

关键词： Profile wrapping Multi-robot application Industrial automation Lamination

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SENEKA - sensor network with mobile robots for disaster management

SENEKA - sensor network with mobile robots for disaster mana...

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IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security

作者： Helge-Björn Kuntze Christian W. Frey Igor Tchouchenkov Barbara Staehle Erich Rome Kai Pfeiffer Andreas Wenzel Jürgen Wöllenstein Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB) Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Nuernberg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems Sankt Augustin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation Stuttgart Germany Fraunhofer-Anwendungszentrum Systemtechnik (AST) Ilmenau Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques Freiburg Germany

Developed societies have a high level of preparedness for natural or man-made disasters. But such incidents cannot be completely prevented, and when an incident like an earthquake or an accident in a chemical or nuclear plant hits a populated area, rescue teams need to be employed. In such situations it is a necessity for rescue teams to get a quick overview of the situation in order to identify possible locations of victims that need to be rescued and dangerous locations that need to be secured. Rescue forces must operate quickly in order to save lives, and they often need to operate in dangerous environments. Hence, robot-supported systems are increasingly used to support and accelerate search operations. The objective of the SENEKA concept is to network the various robots and sensor systems used by first responders in order to make the search for victims and survivors more quick and efficient. SENEKA targets the integration of the robot-sensor network into the operation procedures of the rescue teams. The aim of this paper is to inform on the goals and first research results of the ongoing joint research project SENEKA.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Robot kinematics Hazards Reconnaissance Service robots Mobile robots

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End-of-line testing and formation process in Li-ion battery assembly lines

End-of-line testing and formation process in Li-ion battery ...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices

作者： M. Wolter G. Fauser C. Bretthauer M. A. Roscher Energy Storage Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Dresden Germany Battery Plant Technologies ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH Hohenstein-Ernstthal Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467315906

The large-scale production of large-format Li-ion batteries is a challenging topic for suppliers of materials and components as well as for manufacturers of battery cells. Particularly, the formation and electrical testing of individual battery cells - the last steps of the production line - are identified as a significant bottleneck for mass production. Thus, detailed studies on end-of-line testing and formation were carried out to develop efficient test procedures and parameter extraction regarding cell quality monitoring.

关键词： Batteries Anodes Cathodes Production Testing Discharges

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Low cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy stainless steel/Mg-PSZ composite materials

Low cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy stainless st...

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15th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites at Venice, ECCM 2012

作者： Glage, A. Segel, C. Weigelt, C. Räthel, J. Biermann, H. Institute of Materials Engineering Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5 09599 Freiberg Germany Institute of Ceramic Glass and Construction Materials Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Agricolastr. 17 09599 Freiberg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Winterbergstr. 28 01277 Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9788888785332

This research work presents the low cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy stainless steel/Mg-PSZ composite materials. The steel matrix is made of a conventional AISI 304 stainless steel. The ceramic reinforcement consists of MgO (∼8 mol%) partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ). The unreinforced steel and composite materials containing 5 vol% and 10 vol% Mg-PSZ, respectively, were produced using hot pressing. The different materials were studied under total strain control at different strain amplitudes in order to clarify the influence of the ceramic reinforcement on the low cycle fatigue behavior. Microstructure investigations were performed to study the resulting deformation structures within the steel matrix and ceramic reinforcement, respectively.

关键词： Powder metallurgy

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Performance of Channel Bonding for Opportunistic Spectrum Access Networks

Performance of Channel Bonding for Opportunistic Spectrum Ac...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Shaunak Joshi Przemyslaw Pawelczak Danijela Cabric John Villasenor Cisco Systems Wireless Network Business Unit Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute University of California Los Angeles Engineering IV Building

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309202

In this paper we propose an analytical framework which allows the investigation of the average channel throughput at the medium access control (MAC) layer for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) networks with channel bonding enabled. We show that channel bonding is beneficial in certain cases only (e.g. low primary user traffic), though the extent of the benefit depend on the features of the OSA network including secondary network size and the total number of channels available for bonding.

关键词： channel bonding access network Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

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Solar Heating and Cooling with Transparent Façade Collectors in a Demonstration Building

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Energy Procedia 2012年 30卷 1035-1041页

作者： Christoph Maurer Thibault Pflug Paolo Di Lauro Joze Hafner Friderik Knez Sabina Jordan Michael Hermann Tilmann E. Kuhn Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG) Dimičeva 12 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Transparent façade collectors can provide solar heating and cooling and lead to primary energy savings even compared to an opaque wall. They can be simulated with a detailed physical model based on laboratory measurements. The demonstration installation in Ljubljana will provide extensive measurement data of transparent façade collectors in an outdoor environment. This allows a comparison with simulations performed with the model validated by laboratory measurements. This paper presents the demonstration installation and the measurement system, which are based on the new modelling abilities and focused on the outdoor validation of such models.

关键词： Transparent solar thermal collector (TSTC) Transparent façade collector Demonstration building Adsorption Building- integrated solar thermal systems (BIST) Variable g value Solar cooling Building-integrated solar systems (BISS)

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Front-side interconnected large area concentrator cells for compact concentrator modules

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1477卷 204-207页

作者： Maike Wiesenfarth Marc Steiner Henning Helmers Gerald Siefer Eduard Oliva Frank Dimroth Gil Shelef Guy Polonsky Yuri Flitsanov Abraham Kribus Andreas W. Bett Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany Tel Aviv University Faculty of Engineering 69978 Tel Aviv Israel

In this paper a new solar cell design is introduced where solar cells are interconnected in series via the front surface only. Indoor measurement results of single solar cells and compact concentrator modules consisting of 14 series-interconnected solar cells are presented. The epitaxial structure is a metamorphic triple-junction concept ( Ga0.35In0.65P/Ga0.83In0.17As/Ge ) produced at fraunhofer ISE. Indoor measurements show a cell performance of 35.2% at 334 × 1000 W/m2 referring to the designated area. Series connected solar cells on the module base plate were measured indoors at 280 x with an efficiency of 27.4% considering total module area. In addition, outdoor measurements of the modules were performed at Tel Aviv University in a dish system showing module electrical efficiency of 22.8%. For combined electrical and thermal energy a total efficiency of 64.1 % has been achieved.

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Environmental product assessments for small computer and laptop companies - MicroPro's experience with Eco-design of product service systems

Environmental product assessments for small computer and lap...

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Electronics Goes Green 2012+ (EGG)

作者： Jose Luis Ospina Paul Maher Karsten Schischke Alexander Schlösser MicroPro (Multimedia Computer Systems Limited) Rathfarnham Ireland Department Environmental and Reliability Engineering Fraunhofer Institute of Reliability and Microintegration (IZM) Berlin Germany

MicroPro has used the Life Cycle Assessment approach to Eco-design from the development its first prototype in 1999. While understanding the principles involved, MicroPro has to date relied on the buying in of LCA exp... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345125

关键词： Materials Abstracts Standards Monitoring Investments

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Supervisory control of multi-robot systems by disaggregation and scheduling of quasi-natural language commands

Supervisory control of multi-robot systems by disaggregation...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Thomas Remmersmann Ulrich Schade Christopher Schlick Information Processing and Ergonomics FKIE Fraunhofer Institute of Open Communication Systems (FOKUS) Wachtberg Germany Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Natural language is a very intuitive and efficient way to interact with robotic systems and to control mobile multi-robot systems (MRS). Because of this we designed a graphical user interface (GUI) which allows the creation of orders as sentences. The interface allows only sentences in a quasi-natural language that follow production rules and keeps them unambiguous. Because of these properties those sentences can be easily processed by a computer. This concept allows an intuitive input of high level tasks while we avoid natural language processing problems like complex, ambiguous sentences. In this paper we show how those high level tasks can be mapped into basic robot commands. This mapping can require complex conditions, e.g., spatial or temporal constrains, and depends on the capabilities of the MRS. In this paper we focus on how the result of this mapping can be scheduled. We used genetic algorithms to determine which task should be executed by which robot and in what order. A planning algorithm calculates the expected start and end times of every task and tries to satisfy the given constrains.

关键词： Robots Biological cells Genetic algorithms Graphical user interfaces Planning Genetics Roads

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