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Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference, ESTC

作者： Sven Egelkraut Christoph Heinle Bernd Eckardt Philipp Kramer Zaneta Brocka Martin Marz Heiner Ryssel Gottfried W. Ehrenstein Department of Electrical University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Erlangen Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Erlanzen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Systems-and Device Technology (IISB) Erlangen Germany

This paper presents a packaging technology for passive devices and characterization results of a demonstrator. Due to high demands on weight, cost and size this demonstrator was chosen to show the potentials of highly filled polymers for packaging solutions in power electronics especially for automotive and aerospace applications. As a demonstrator a choke for a high power multiphase 100 kW DC/DC converter was chosen. A highly filled thermal conductive thermo-plastic polymer (TC-polymer) was used to package the choke with high demands on the cooling. The TC-polymer was used to cover the total surface of the ringcore and the copper windings in one injection molding process and to realize an improved heat transport through the polymer towards the water cooled heat sink. Thermal simulations of the power losses prior to the experimental test setup showed the enormous potentials of TC-polymers. Based on these simulations different compounds of highly filled polymers with different filler fractions of 40 vol.%, 50 vol.% and 60 vol.% Al 2 O 3 filler were produced and used to house the choke in an injection molding process. The high filler fraction and the thermal conductivity, which is one order in magnitude higher than unfilled polymers, lead to changed process conditions, compared to standard injection molding, especially with respect to temperature and pressure conditions during the molding process. The research results show restrictions and challenges in the over-molding of chokes with thermal conductive compounds, as well they revealed the viability of solution strategies. After optimizing the process, using non destructive analysis methods for the choke, it became possible to produce inductive devices with a TC-polymer package. An experimental setup with one phase of the power converter was built up to verify the simulation results. The temperature distribution of the inductive device was investigated and documented. The experiments show the extensive potentials of

关键词： Polymers Electronic packaging thermal management Inductors Thermal conductivity Injection molding Water heating Electronics packaging Power electronics Heat sinks Costs

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Innovations in measuring accessibility: Theoretical and practical perspectives 22

Innovations in measuring accessibility: Theoretical and prac...

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22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction, BCS HCI 2008

作者： Petrie, Helen Power, Chris Adams, Ray Hwang, Faustina Weber, Gerhard Darzentas, Jenny Velasco, Carlos A. Department of Computer Science University of York YorkYO10 5DD United Kingdom CIRCUA School of Computing Science Middlesex University LondonNW4 4BT United Kingdom School of Systems Engineering University of Reading ReadingRG6 6AY United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01187 Germany Department of Product and Systems Design University of the Aegean Ermoupolis SyrosGR-84100 Greece Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Information Technology Sankt Augustin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781906124069

Recently, there has been an increased awareness in the general public, in government and in business that people with disabilities and older people have distinct needs and preferences that must be met in order for them to participate as equal members of environments incorporating information and communications technologies. With this increased awareness has come legislation and company policies stating the necessary provision of accessible systems for disabled and older people in all facets of society. In order for these policies to be properly implemented there is a need to further understand accessibility and its impact on the people and systems around us. This workshop will focus on exploring the concept of accessibility and the boundaries of accessibility research. It is intended to bring together individuals working in disparate fields of research to improve the definition of accessibility and to refine our understanding of the as yet unaddressed barriers in the information society such as the impact of mobile technology and the aging population. © 2008 The Author Published by the British Computer Society.

关键词： Accessibility Disabled people Older people Theory and methods

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Using a 3D time-of-flight range camera for visual tracking

Using a 3D time-of-flight range camera for visual tracking

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作者： Reiser, Ulrich Kubacki, Jens Department of Robot Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661654

We propose the usage of a novel 3D-Sensor for Visual Servoing in order to avoid the problem of depth estimation that is to be solved in most servoing schemes. The sensor used in this paper is based on the time-of-flight principle and returns a depth image along with an intensity image. As these are acquired by the same CCD array, no calibration between them is necessary. As an application example a position-based eye-in hand servoing scheme is presented with the sensor mounted on the end-effector of a pan-tilt unit. An experimental tracking task was defined as follows: a sphere moving with respect to the pan-tilt unit has to be kept in the optical centre of the camera. We implemented velocity-based control of the manipulator joints and obtained the following results: the pan-tilt unit was operated at a control frequeny of 17.5 Hz and - starting from a skewed pan and tilt - the sphere could be regulated to the optical center in less than one second.

关键词： Visual servoing

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Innovative drive system for high precision milling in micro mold making 7

Innovative drive system for high precision milling in micro ...

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7th International Conference European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2007

作者： Eßmann, J. Uhlmann, E. Wissner, R. Wings, E. Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany Wissner GmbH Mechanical Engineering Germany Procom GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0955308224

Demands on accuracy of parts produced by micro injection molding are increasing continuously. An economically and technologically interesting alternative to EDM and ultra precision machining consists in producing the casts by high precision milling machines directly in steel materials of a Rockwell Hardness up to 60 HRC. This article presents a drive concept for linear movement which takes the high demands on micro milling machine tool dynamics into account, especially a higher acceleration and jerk in comparison to the state of the art is possible. Measurement results show that the combination of a linear direct drive and hydrostatic guideways are of high potential.

关键词： Milling machines

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Manufacuturing of glass diffractive optical elements by use of precision compression molding process

Manufacuturing of glass diffractive optical elements by use ...

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2007 ASME International Conference on Manufacturing Science and engineering

作者： Chen, Yang Yi, Allen Y. Klocke, Fritz Pongs, Guido Department of Industrial Welding and Systems Engineering Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Aachen 52074 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0791842908

Recent advances in compression molding process offer a potential high volume precision net shape fabrication method for micro and diffractive glass optical elements. In this research, glass diffractive optical elements with lateral features in the order of 2 μm and a vertical height of about 500 nm were fabricated using glassy carbon molds and BK-7 optical glass material. Glassy carbon molds used in this research were fabricated with traditional cleanroom lithography and reactive ion etching process. Compression mold process was performed to duplicate the diffractive structures onto optical glass surface. Molded glass diffractive elements were studied using an atomic force microscope and a Veeco optical profilometer to evaluate the accuracy of replication and the capacity of the molding process. Different molding process parameters were tested to improve the molding process. The experimental results showed that the compression molding process is an effective alternative fabricating method for high volume, net shape and low cost glass diffractive optical elements. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Diffractive optical elements

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USING A 3D TIME-OF-FLIGHT RANGE CAMERA FOR VISUAL TRACKING

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2007年第15期40卷 355-360页

作者： Ulrich Reiser Jens Kubacki Department of Robot Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart GERMANY

We propose the usage of a novel 3D-Sensor for Visual Servoing in order to avoid the problem of depth estimation that is to be solved in most servoing schemes. The sensor used in this paper is based on the time-of-flight principle and returns a depth image along with an intensity image. As these are acquired by the same CCD array, no calibration between them is necessary. As an application example a position-based eye-in hand servoing scheme is presented with the sensor mounted on the end-effector of a pan-tilt unit. An experimental tracking task was defined as follows: a sphere moving with respect to the pan-tilt unit has to be kept in the optical centre of the camera. We implemented velocity-based control of the manipulator joints and obtained the following results: the pan-tilt unit was operated at a control frequeny of 17.5 Hz and — starting from a skewed pan and tilt — the sphere could be regulated to the optical center in less than one second.

关键词： Visual Tracking Time-Of-Flight Sensor

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Modelling automated service orchestration for IT-based homeservices

Modelling automated service orchestration for IT-based homes...

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IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, SOLI

作者： Jochen Meis Jorg Draeger Fraunhofer Institute of Software and Systems Engineering (ISST) Dortmund Germany

The main focus for housing industries is to ensure their asset of tenants. The economic process is a result of the demographical factor - population declines and the averaged age of people rises in the industrial countries. The consequence of the demographic factor is that housing industries become more and more competitors in a limited market. One option for housing industries is to offer specific, flexible and individual IT-based homeservices to tenants. Homeservices are assigned to health care, comfort and entertainment, security and facility management. The fact: people living in smart home environments open a new option for service providers. Their services will be integrated together into a huge service portal, designed regionally. A service platform offers various services and orchestrates them individually for every customer. In this szenario the customers are tenants from housing industry. The service platform considers of customers individual requirements and has got meta-information about the catalogue of IT-based homeservices, profiles of tenants and the service providers. Because of the defined service and provider parameters - like region, time and specialization - the service platform is in a position to orchestrate and manage various offered homeservices. Basic requirements, providing IT-based home-services, are a specific hardware, software and network infrastructure. These infrastructures are used to deliver basic information to the service platform. The service platform is flexible, scalable, configurable and personalised. Moreover the use and control has to be possible with mobile devices.

关键词： Smart homes Security Home automation Software systems systems engineering and theory Medical services Automatic control Application software Microelectronics Computer industry

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A Middleware Supporting Context-Aware Services Based on Context Business Objects

A Middleware Supporting Context-Aware Services Based on Cont...

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International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing (GCC)

作者： Jinhua Xiong Manfred Wojciechowski Academy of Sciences Graduate School Chinese Fraunhofer Institute for Software-and Systems Engineering Germany

Although the demand for context-aware applications seems very high, not many applications are in real use. Besides the strenuosity, their insufficient adaptability to changing environment is a major reason. To address the issue, we proposed a VINCA-cc approach and a context middleware to support business-level dynamic configuration of context-aware service. In our approach, all kinds of context information are abstracted to standardized context business objects (CBO), registered in the context middleware. The business-level context model, CBO, represents a set of business-level properties and abstract unified operations that are applicable to all context information. Based on the visual business-level service composition language-VINCA and CBO model, context-aware services can be visually (re-)configured at the business-level. The paper focuses on the context middleware, CBO model and its application.

关键词： Context-aware services Middleware Application software Context modeling systems engineering and theory Software engineering Ubiquitous computing Computer industry Mobile handsets Pervasive computing

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Intelligent Monitoring and Adaptive Competence Assignment for Driver and Vehicle

Intelligent Monitoring and Adaptive Competence Assignment fo...

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Fabian Mueller Andreas Wenzel Center of Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute of Information and Data Processing (IITB) Karlsruhe Germany

This paper presents a concept for achieving higher safety in road traffic by addressing long and short term reduced capability of the driver in regard to his driving task. Pivot point of the proposed concept is the continuous monitoring of the driver and the vehicle's state and their competence assignment. For this purpose, the driver and vehicle will be treated as one system and regarded under cybernetic aspects. For estimation of the driver's condition or capability respectively, an approach is suggested, which combines data of the vehicle sensory equipment with methods for monitoring drivers.

关键词： Intelligent vehicles Monitoring Vehicle driving Humans Vehicle safety Cybernetics Road vehicles Road safety Fatigue Decision making

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An evaluation and comparison of the performance of state of the art approaches for the detection of spiculated masses in mammograms

An evaluation and comparison of the performance of state of ...

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29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2007), vol.9

作者： Andreas Kage Matthias Elter Thomas Wittenberg Department of Image Processing and Medical Engineering Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits and Systems Erlangen Germany

Mammography is the standard examination method for the early detection of breast cancer. In the last decade, computer assisted detection systems have been developed that assist the physician in the detection of suspicious regions in mammograms. However, recent clinical studies indicate that state of the art CAD systems might have a negative impact on the accuracy of screening mammography. Therefore, besides additional clinical studies, better evaluations of state of the art detection approaches are necessary. In this contribution three methods for the detection of spiculated masses in mammograms are evaluated and compared. All three of them are based on gradient orientation images. To detect masses, the methods use circular neighbourhoods with different sizes around a single pixel. The number of orientations in every neighbourhood is used by every method in different ways to form a result. The main contribution is the first fair comparison of the performance of different detection approaches for spiculated masses. Furthermore, a novel gradient direction analysis is introduced. The analysis is an extension to the three approaches, which increases the performance for one of the three approaches.

关键词： Image databases Breast cancer Mammography Cancer detection Histograms Physics computing Breast tumors Delta-sigma modulation Spatial databases Pixel

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