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Fast Normal Map Generation for Simplified Meshes

Journal of Graphics Tools 2002年第4期7卷 69-82页

作者： Yigang Wang[a] Bernd Fr?hlich[b] Martin G?bel[c] [a]Computer School Hangzhou Institute of Electronics Engineering Wenyi Road No. 65 Hangzhou 310037 Zhejiang Province P.R. China E-mail: [b]Virtual Reality Systems Faculty of Media Bauhaus-Universitat Weimar Bauhausstrasse 11 99423 Weimar Germany E-mail: [c]Competence Center Virtual Environments Fraunhofer Institute for Media Communication Schloss Birlinghoven D-53754 Sankt Augustin Germany E-mail:

Approximating detailed models with coarse, normal mapped meshes is a very efficient method for real-time rendering of complex objects with fine surface detail. In this paper, we present a new and fast normal map construction algorithm. We scan-convert each triangle of the simplified model, which results in a regularly spaced point set on the surface of each triangle. The original model and all these point samples of the simplified model are rendered from uniformly distributed camera positions. The actual normal map is created by computing the corresponding .normals for the point sets. For each point, the normal of the closest point from the high resolution mesh over the set of all camera positions is chosen. Our approach works for general triangle meshes and exploits fully common graphics rendering hardware. Normal map construction times are generally in the range of only a few seconds even for large models. We render our normal-mapped meshes in real-time with a slightly modified version of the standard bump-mapping algorithm. In order to evaluate the approximation error, we investigate the distance and normal errors for normal-mapped meshes. Our investigation of the approximation errors shows that using more than 12 viewpoints does not result in a further improvement in the normal maps for our test cases.

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Adopting and institutionalizing a product line culture 1

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2nd International Conference on Software Product Lines, SPLC 2002

作者： Böckle, Günter Bermejo, Jesús Knauber, Peter Krueger, Charles W. Do Prado Leite, Julio Cesar Sampaio van der Linden, Frank Northrop, Linda Stark, Michael Weiss, David M. Siemens AG Otto Hahn Ring 6 MunichD-81730 Germany Telvent C/ Tamarguillo 29 Sevilla41006 Spain Fraunhofer IESE Sauerwiesen 6 KaiserslauternD-67661 Germany BigLever Software Inc 10500 Laurel Hill Cove AustinTX78730 United States Departamento de Informática PUC-Rio R. Marquês de São Vicente 225 Rio de Janeiro22453-900 Brazil Philips Medical Systems Veenpluis 4-6 Best5684 PC Netherlands Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213-3890 United States University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Avaya Labs United States

ISBN: (数字)9783540456520

ISBN: (纸本)9783540456520

The strengths of product line engineering have been described before. But how can an organization make the move from developing one-of products to product line engineering without major interruptions in the day-today work? This paper describes how to perform the transition to product line engineering and lists the various strategies for such a transition. It also describes how to create an adoption plan and how to institutionalize product line engineering in an organization. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Computers

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Designing adaptive mobile applications

Designing adaptive mobile applications

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Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing

作者： S. Haseloff Fraunhofer Institute of Software and Systems Engineering (ISST) Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769509878

Standard 3-tier-architectures do not provide a sufficient basis for the development of services for mobile users. The specific characteristics of these types of applications require different approaches to application design. In view of this situation, development of specialized application architectures for the area of mobile computing will continue to be necessary. Our approach is to support the development of this kind of software systems by providing a specialized layered design for the middle tier of mobile applications as well as reusable components and services along with design and architecture patterns. This paper presents a design solution for the problem of handling multiple appliances and multiple information sources on the side of the stationary application. We illustrate our conclusions by an example from the application field of mobile document management.

关键词： Application software Home appliances Computer architecture Software systems Mobile computing Mobile communication systems engineering and theory Software standards Standards development Power system management

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An architecture proposal for enterprise message brokers 2nd

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2nd International Workshop on engineering Distributed Objects, EDO 2000

作者： Süß, Jörn Guy Mewes, Michael Technical University Berlin Einsteinufer 17 BerlinD-10587 Germany Fraunhofer Society for the Promotion of Applied Research Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Mollstraße 1 Berlin10178 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540417923

In large enterprises, asynchronous communication and messaging are gaining importance as integration solutions between applications. The concept of a message broker has been proposed as a universal mediator at the center of business. This paper gives a distinct definition of a message broker by enumerating enterprise critical criteria and describes a reference architecture to meet these criteria. To arrive at the relevant criteria, the message broker is positioned with respect to other middleware solutions like CORBA and MOM/DAD, and limitations and advantages are pointed out. From this comparison the catalogue of critical criteria is deduced and examples are given of how commercial broker products fulfill or fail these criteria. Finally, a reference architecture based on Java, XML and XSL(T) is described that meets the criteria with respect to configuration, execution and extensibility. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001.

关键词： Middleware

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The impact of design properties on development cost in object-oriented systems

The impact of design properties on development cost in objec...

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International Symposium on Software Metrics

作者： L.C. Briand J. Wust Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa ONT Canada Experimental Software Engineering Fraunhofer Institute Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769510434

In the context of software cost estimation, system size is widely taken as a main driver of system development effort, but other structural design properties, such as coupling, cohesion and complexity, have been suggested as additional cost factors. In this paper, using effort data from an object-oriented development project, we empirically investigate the relationship between class size and the development effort for a class, and what additional impact structural properties such as class coupling have on effort. We use Poisson regression and regression trees to build cost prediction models from size and design measures, and use these models to predict the system development effort. We also investigate a technique to combine regression trees with regression analysis, which aims at building more accurate models. The results indicate that fairly accurate predictions of class effort can be made based on simple measures of the class interface size alone; mean MREs (magnitudes of relative error) are below 30%. Effort predictions at the system level are even more accurate as, using bootstrapping, the estimated 95% confidence interval for MREs is 3%-23%, but more sophisticated coupling and cohesion measures do not help to improve these predictions to a degree that would be practically significant. However, the use of hybrid models, combining Poisson regression and CART (classification and regression trees) clearly improves the accuracy of the models as compared to using Poisson regression alone.

关键词： Costs Size measurement Regression tree analysis Object oriented modeling Software measurement Time measurement Predictive models Software engineering systems engineering and theory Drives

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Development of a new fabrication method for stacked optical waveguides using inorganic-organic copolymers

Development of a new fabrication method for stacked optical ...

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IEEE Conference on Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics (POLYTRONIC)

作者： U. Streppel P. Dannberg C. Waechter A. Braeuer P. Nicole L. Froehlich R. Houbertz M. Popall Precision Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics Jena Germany Centre Charles Nungesser THALES Airborne Systems Elancourt France Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research Wurzburg Germany

We present a recently developed technology for the stacking of optical waveguides using hybrid inorganic-organic polymers (ORMOCER(R)s). Among advantages with respect to the use of low-cost conventional processing methods (e.g. photopatterning, spin coating), this material system offers high thermal stability and low optical attenuation at telecom wavelengths. The stacking process faces several fundamental problems, such as broadening of the structures during UV patterning or the appearance of index inhomogeneities generated by diffusion effects. In addition, the nonlinear index change of the polymer materials during polymerization has to be considered carefully to ensure defined index distributions in all layers. A solution meeting these requirements, substantially reverting to standard processes, is presented. The key points, an UV absorber method and a combined UV and thermal curing, are investigated in detail. As an example, the realization and test of an optical fanout element composed of four waveguide layers, each with 8 channels of equal path lengths, is shown.

关键词： Optical device fabrication Optical attenuators Nonlinear optics Optical polymers Optical waveguides Stacking Optical materials Coatings Thermal stability Telecommunications

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Tailoring a COTS group support system for software requirements inspection 01

Tailoring a COTS group support system for software requireme...

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IEEE International Conference on Automated Software engineering (ASE)

作者： M. Halling P. Grunbacher S. Biffl Institute for SW Technology University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria Systems Engineering & Automation Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria Fraunhofer Institute of Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)076951426X

The inspection of early life-cycle artifacts such as requirement documents promises great benefits. However, research demonstrates that the inspection process is complex and expensive and that tool support would be highly desirable. Existing inspection tools focus largely on the inspection of source code. We have therefore devised groupware support for inspecting requirements. Based on our experience with adopting a group support system (GSS) for requirements negotiation, we decided to tailor this commercial GSS to support inspection of requirements. The paper discusses our concept of a Groupware-supported Requirements Inspection Process (GRIP) and shows that tailoring a COTS GSS works well to automate this process.

关键词： Collaborative software Costs Software systems Inspection Collaborative work Software tools Automation Software engineering Yarn Performance evaluation

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Modelling the optical and thermal properties of complex glazing: Overview of recent developments

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Solar Energy 2001年 69卷 1-13页

作者： Rosenfeld, J.L.J. Platzer, W.J. van Dijk, H. Maccari, A. Department of Civil Engineering Technical University of Denmark Cardiff CF2 3TA P.O. Box 685 Denmark Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Freiburg D-79100 Oltmannsstr. 5 Germany TNO Building and Construction Research AA Delft 2600 P.O. Box 49 Netherlands ENEA Roma 00060 ERG-SIRE s.p. 116 301 Via Anguillarese Italy

The recently completed ALTSET project was part of the European Commission's Standards, Measurement and Testing programme. Its objective was the development of European standard test procedures for the determination of angular-dependent light and total solar energy transmittance for complex glazings and integrated shading elements. In parallel to the development of test procedures, models to predict the properties of a variety of complex glazings were developed and validated. We review the progress made during this collaborative programme. Models have been developed for a wide range of complex glazings, including those incorporating solar control films, transparent insulation and both fixed and variable blinds. The models are based on the concept that a complex glazing can be represented by a stack of layers, each layer representing one of the component elements of the glazing. If the optical and thermal properties of each layer are known, methods are available to calculate the corresponding properties of the stack. Used with some caution, the models are able to predict the luminous and total solar energy transmittance to an accuracy comparable to that obtainable experimentally. The models are suitable for integration into building energy simulation tools. One area requiring further investigation is an improved model for scattering components. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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CHARACTERISATION OF URBAN AIR QUALITY INDOOR/OUTDOOR PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SOURCE-TO-INHALED DOSE RELATIONSHIPS (URBAN-AEROSOL)

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Journal of Aerosol Science 2001年 32卷 1075-1076页

作者： M. LAZARIDIS D.N. ASIMAKOPOULOS M. BRANIS I. COLBECK I. DROSSINOS C. DYE K. ELEFTHERIADIS H. FLOCAS C. HELMIS W. HOLLANDER Housiadas J. Hovorka N. KALOGERAKIS J. SMOLIK F. STORDAL T. SVENDBY V. ZDIMAL Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) PO BOX 100 N 2007 Kjeller Norway Technical University of Crete Department of Environmental Engineering 73100 Chania Greece University of Athens Department of Physics Greece Charles University Faculty of Science Prague Czech Republic Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex U. K. Institute for Systems Informatics and Safety (ISIS) JRC-Ispra Italy N.C.S.R. Demokritos 15310 Ag. Paraskeui Attiki Greece Fraunhofer-Institut fur Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung (FhG/ITA) Hannover Germany Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals ASCR Prague Czech Republic

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Towards reference architectures for distributed groupware applications 8

Towards reference architectures for distributed groupware ap...

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8th Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Sandkuhl, K. Messer, B. Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering ISST Mollstr. 1 BerlinD-10178 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

Standard groupware products do not fulfill the specific requirements of various application areas, due to technical restrictions, lack of flexibility or non-availability of adapted interfaces. In view of this situation, development of groupware products for specialized application areas will continue to be necessary. Our approach is to support this kind of software development project by providing: a reference architecture for groupware applications as a guideline for software developers;reusable components and services;and design and architecture patterns. This paper presents a view concept for software architectures, a global reference architecture for groupware applications and an example from the application field of Web-publishing. © 2000 IEEE.

关键词： Groupware

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