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25th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 1999

作者： Schanz, M. Nitta, C. Eckart, T. Hosticka, B.J. Wertheimer, R. Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstr. 61 D-47057 Duisburg Germany Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Center of Research and Engineering Dept. EW-I D-80788 Munich Germany

In this contribution we present a high dynamic range CMOS image sensor for automotive applications. It exhibits a 256 × 256 pixel resolution and a dynamic range of almost 120 dB despite linear readout characteristics. The sensor has been fabricated in 1μm standard CMOS technology and occupies an area of 90.0mm2. © 1999 Editions Frontieres.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Directions and methodologies for empirical software engineering research

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Empirical Software engineering 1999年第4期4卷 405-410页

作者： Harrison, R. Badoo, N. Barry, E. Biffl, S. Parra, A. Winter, B. Wuest, J. Department of Computer Science University of Reading United Kingdom Centre for Systems and Software Engineering South Bank University United Kingdom Graduate School of Industrial Administration Carnegie Mellon University United States Institut Fur Softwaretechnik University of Vienna Austria Software Engineering Laboratory Computer Sciences Corporation United States University of Victoria Canada Fraunhofer Institute IESE Kaiserslautern Germany

This report summarises and builds on the results of the "Directions and Methodologies for Empirical Software engineering Research" group discussion. In particular, we considered the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to empirical software engineering research in light of the discussions and presentations during the workshop. The following sections describe each of these aspects of our discussion in turn. In addition, to finalise our discussion we agreed on a three-point plan for future work.

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Robust robot compliant motion control using intelligent adaptive impedance approach

Robust robot compliant motion control using intelligent adap...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： D. Surdilovic Z. Cojbasic Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Niš Nis Yugoslavia

This paper presents a simple and computationally efficient control scheme for improving the constrained motion control performance of an impedance controlled industrial robot interacting with an uncertain stationary environment. The proposed method combines the model-based and fuzzy control techniques. The scheme consists of three main components: a basic infernal position control loop, an external impedance controller realizing target model behavior, and a fuzzy adaptation mechanism that modifies impedance parameters according to the difference between the actual and desired force responses. Several experiments performed on an industrial robot are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the new approach. The comparison with conventional impedance control laboratory experiments illustrates advantages and drawbacks of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Intelligent robots Robust control Motion control Intelligent control Programmable control Adaptive control Impedance Service robots Fuzzy control Computational intelligence

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Quantitative modeling of software reviews in an industrial setting

Quantitative modeling of software reviews in an industrial s...

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International Symposium on Software Metrics

作者： O. Laitenberger M. Leszak D. Stoll K. El Emam Fraunhofer Institute of Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) Kaiserslautern Germany Lucent Technologies Network Systems GmbH Nuernberg Germany Institute for Information Technology National Research Council Ottawa ONT Canada

Technical reviews are a cost effective method commonly used to detect software defects early. To exploit their full potential, it is necessary to collect measurement data to constantly monitor and improve the implemented review procedure. This paper postulates a model of the factors that affect the number of defects detected during a technical review, and tests the model empirically using data from a large software development organization. The data set comes from more than 300 specification, design, and code reviews that were performed at Lucent's Product Realization Center for Optical Networking (PRC-ON) in Nuernberg, Germany. Since development projects within PRC-ON usually spend between 12% and 18% of the total development effort on reviews, it is essential to understand the relationships among the factors that determine review success. One major finding of this study is that the number of detected defects is primarily determined by the preparation effort of reviewers rather than the size of the reviewed artifact. In addition, the size of the reviewed artifact has only limited influence on review effort. Furthermore, we identified consistent ceiling effects in the relationship between size and effort with the number of defects detected. These results suggest that managers at PRC-ON must consider adequate preparation effort in their review planning to ensure high quality artifacts as well as a mature review process.

关键词： Software reviews Computer industry Costs Monitoring Software testing Programming Optical design Optical fiber networks Quality management Process planning

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Low-noise, low-power VCO with automatic amplitude control for wireless applications

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 1999年第6期34卷 761-771页

作者： Margarit, Mihai A. Tham, Joo Leong Meyer, Robert G. Deen, M. Jamal Rockwell Semiconductor Systems Newport Beach CA 92658 United States School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Vancouver BC V5A 1S6 Canada Maxim Integrated Products Sunnyvale CA 94086 United States Dept. of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci. University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada Natl. Institute for Microelectronics Bucharest Romania Fraunhofer Institute Erlangen Germany University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH United States Lehigh University Bethlehem PA United States Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics National Research Council Ottawa Ont. Canada Phys. of Semiconduct. Devices Lab. Grenoble France

Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) used in portable wireless communications applications, such as cellular telephony, are required to achieve low phase-noise levels while consuming minimal power. This paper presents the design challenges of a monolithic VCO with automatic amplitude control, which operates in the 300 MHz to 1.2 GHz frequency range using different external resonators. The VCO phase-noise level is -106 dBc/Hz at 100-KHz offset from an 800-MHz carrier, and it consumes 1.6 mA from a 2.7-V power supply. An extensive phase-noise analysis is employed for this VCO design in order to identify the most important noise sources in the circuit and to find the optimum tradeoff between noise performance and power consumption.

关键词： Variable frequency oscillators

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Redesigning CSCW-systems for network computing-experience from the HotCon project

Redesigning CSCW-systems for network computing-experience fr...

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Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing

作者： K. Sandkuhl L. Nentwig S. Manhart P. Lafrenz Fraunhofer Institute of Software and Systems Engineering (ISST) Berlin Germany

The emphasis in CSCW research is currently shifting towards the integration of different existing tools into comprehensive CSCW systems and the interoperation of proprietary CSCW systems. A suitable basis for this integration is provided by concepts from network computing. Comprehensive integration can be achieved by means of the standardisation of components which are to be offered in a totally networked global computer environment. This can cut costs considerably due to the resulting high degree of reusability and opens up the possibility of developing a new quality of distributed systems. Most of today's CSCW systems are constructed according to the traditional client/server paradigm. The migration of these systems towards network computing usually requires a redesign of their architecture. Key features of application architectures for network computing and possibilities to migrate existing software are discussed. The reported experience is based on the HotCon system, a hotline and consulting environment developed at the fraunhofer ISST.

关键词： Computer networks Costs Application software systems engineering and theory Computer architecture Distributed computing Context Software systems Videoconference Databases

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A novel cell-positioning technique for extracellular recording and impedance measurement on single cells using planar electrode substrates

A novel cell-positioning technique for extracellular recordi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： H. Thielecke T. Stieglitz H. Beutel T. Matthies J.-U. Meyer Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering Sensor Systems Saint Ingbert Germany

For single-cell-biosensor applications and for studying neural networks using planar electrode substrates often the position of cells on detectors is necessary. Here, the authors present a new method for fast placement of single cells on ring electrodes by suction on suction holes. They describe the fabrication of a micromachined planar electrode substrate with suction holes and the placement of L929 cells and Neuro 2A cells on particular positions. The results are discussed regarding the deciding factors for placement. Finally, applications of the authors' cell placement technique to form patterned neural networks are outlined.

关键词： Extracellular Impedance measurement Substrates Neural networks Biosensors Fabrication Sputtering Biomedical measurements Biomedical electrodes Detectors

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Session 3: Architecture recovery 2nd

Session 3: Architecture recovery

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2nd International ESPRIT ARES Workshop on Development and Evolution of Software Architectures for Product Families, 1998

作者： Debaud, Jean-Marc Jazayeri, Mehdi Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Sauerwiesen 6 KaiserslauternD-67661 Germany Vienna University of Technology Distributed Systems Group Argentinierstrasse 8/184-1 ViennaA-1040 Austria

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Work platforms: basic infrastructure for groupware-a conceptual framework

Work platforms: basic infrastructure for groupware-a concept...

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Euromicro Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Processing

作者： B. Messer K. Sandkuhl Kurstr. 33 Fraunhofer Institute of Software and Systems Engineering (ISST) Berlin Germany

In the past, the field of CSCW has concentrated on providing support for the cooperative and coordination aspects of human work with the help of networked computer systems. The dominant issues now are the integration of different existing tools into comprehensive CSCW systems and the interoperation of heterogeneous CSCW systems. Work platforms based on services are providing new impulses for this integration: considerable contributions to integration can be made by standardizing the component parts offered as services in a globally networked system. The resulting increased reusability cuts costs. The paper presents a concept for a work platform for groupware applications based on services within a distributed system.

关键词： Collaborative software Collaborative work Computer networks Software engineering systems engineering and theory Humans Costs Videoconference Application software Context-aware services

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Shielding of flexible microelectrode interconnects for suppression of artifacts in neural prostheses

Shielding of flexible microelectrode interconnects for suppr...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： T. Stieglitz M. Schuettler R. Keller J.-U. Meyer Sensor Systems / Microsystems Department Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering Saint Ingbert Germany

An approach for the suppression of artifacts in interconnects of neural prostheses is described. Micromachining technologies have been applied to develop flexible multichannel electrodes with integrated interconnects. Often, electrodes were implanted on nerves with large muscles nearby. Artifacts from muscle activity could couple into the interconnect lines and disturb the small signals recorded from nerves. Therefore, we present a new generation of flexible electrodes with an electrical shielding of the interconnects. Simulations with a discrete cable model of the microdevices were performed. Additionally, a setup for in vitro measurements of interconnect properties in a physiologic environment was built up. Measurements of crosstalk between the lines and coupling of external signals were performed and compared with the simulations. Shielded interconnects as well as unshielded ones showed only small crosstalk between the lines in a physiologic saline solution. The coupling of an external potential ("artifact") into the interconnects could be reduced by 50% when the electrical shield was put to ground potential.

关键词： Microelectrodes Prosthetics Electrodes Muscles Metallization Crosstalk Bioelectric phenomena Micromachining Electric potential Polyimides

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