Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applies non-square shaped current pulses for selective activation of thin nerve fibers. The authors developed a multichannel stimulator for the use in FES that enables the appli...
详细信息
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applies non-square shaped current pulses for selective activation of thin nerve fibers. The authors developed a multichannel stimulator for the use in FES that enables the application of biphasic, arbitrary shaped current pulses. A high resolution of fast signal portions was combined with the demand of data reduction using a non-equidistant description of the stimulation pulses. The system was realized in a host-client architecture and could be expanded to multiple clients. It operates alternatively as plug-in card via the ISA-bus of a personal computer or as a stand alone device via a serial interface (RS 232 C). Each stimulation channel delivers a maximum current of /spl plusmn/4.0 mA with a resolution of 2 /spl mu/A. Additionally, a measurement unit was implemented to monitor the electrode impedance and an electrode break. A graphical user interface allows an easy and safe operation to control the system. The stimulator was evaluated in first animal experiments. Electrical nerve stimulation was successfully performed with current pulses of different shapes.
Issues of workflow systems adaptability and evolution capability are discussed from two perspectives, namely design and evolution of workflow systems from a continuous software engineering perspective as well as redes...
详细信息
Issues of workflow systems adaptability and evolution capability are discussed from two perspectives, namely design and evolution of workflow systems from a continuous software engineering perspective as well as redesign and runtime on-the-fly modifications of workflow models from an application perspective. Special attention is paid to a suitable infrastructure support for designing more configurable and adaptive workflow systems. A new workflow language, called Higher-Order Object Nets (HOON), is introduced. The intended uses of HOON are, on one side, to directly describe real-world business processes, and on the other side, to serve as a build-time composition model and a run-time overall control skeleton of the underlying software components that support individual business activities. On the basis of HOON and CORBA, a layered, framework-based and generic system architecture is presented.
The paper reports on progress in the construction of an integrated tool environment for the migration of character-based panels of mainframe applications into graphical user interfaces. It presents an approach for sta...
详细信息
The paper reports on progress in the construction of an integrated tool environment for the migration of character-based panels of mainframe applications into graphical user interfaces. It presents an approach for static analysis of character-based panels that is based on the identification of dialog entities in panels using generalized descriptions of panel areas and describes a tool supporting the identification process. The goal of the approach is to increase the level of automation in the migration process compared to existing migration tools.
This communication presents several linear photosensor arrays implemented in a standard CMOS technology that are based on active pixel sensing principle and utilize on-chip signal processing.
This communication presents several linear photosensor arrays implemented in a standard CMOS technology that are based on active pixel sensing principle and utilize on-chip signal processing.
Experiments have been performed to receive a selective stimulation of the urinary bladder in sacral anterior root stimulation in the foxhound dog. A computer controlled stimulator system has been developed to create a...
详细信息
Experiments have been performed to receive a selective stimulation of the urinary bladder in sacral anterior root stimulation in the foxhound dog. A computer controlled stimulator system has been developed to create arbitrary shaped current pulses using a commercially available universal source. Different monophasic and biphasic quasitrapezoidal (QT-) pulses have been created to investigate the influence of slew rates and pulse shapes on the selectivity of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Following bilateral deafferentation of the sacral roots S1 to S3, the anterior roots S2 were placed into tripolar book electrodes with one cathode and two adjacent anodes. The pressure of the urethral sphincter and the detrusor were monitored during experiments by urodynamic investigation (microtip-catheter). Short stimulation pulse trains were applied and the sphincter response was monitored at six different pulse shapes. At some pulse shapes, an anodal block of the urethral sphincter was observed. In these cases longer pulse trains were applied to monitor the bladder response. A positive pressure difference could be observed in mono- and biphasic QT-pulses. In one case, a non-intermitting voiding in continuous bilateral stimulation of the anterior roots S2 was seen.
The state of the basic technology for high speed networks and multimedia applications has already stabilised (incl. transport protocols, compression standards, telecooperation tools). The next challenge is the integra...
详细信息
The state of the basic technology for high speed networks and multimedia applications has already stabilised (incl. transport protocols, compression standards, telecooperation tools). The next challenge is the integration of existing basic technologies into new application environments adapted to organisational structures. The HotCon project has thus adopted an approach whereby existing communication and cooperation support services and newly developed coordination tools are integrated to form an overall system. The resulting multimedia hotline and consulting system will be used by the Berlin Administration to support network and system management. HotCon is based on the Berlin Metropolitan Area Network, an ATM network with a transmission rate of 155 Mbit/s. The HotCon System supports a synchronous or asynchronous dialog between a user and a specialist in problem situations. Asynchronous transmission of information is achieved by means of an extended X.400 service which permits the sending of multimedia messages (incl. graphics and video). Synchronous communication is supported by a telecooperation platform. Solutions to problems and further courseware are stored in a HotCon Database, into which the multimedia information service WWW is integrated. These services and other application-specific tools are brought together under a uniform user interface. The HotCon project is being carried out as part of one of the DFN association's Regional Testbed Projects which are aimed at combining broadband network structures with the development and use of new applications in various parts of Germany.
作者:
Wu, XQISST
Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering Postfach 520130 44207 Dortmund Germany
As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases (hierarchical, relational or object-oriented databases) used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object-...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)354061656X
As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases (hierarchical, relational or object-oriented databases) used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object-oriented technology is becoming the dominant application development paradigm. Thus, there is a data modeling gap between applications and heterogeneous databases. In this paper we present different architecture aspects of the system VHDBS1, which has been developed by an ongoing research project. This architecture provides a way to support cooperative access to distributed heterogeneous databases and to fill the data modeling gap in a distributed heterogeneous environment.
As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object oriented technology is becoming the dominant application...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818676140
As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object oriented technology is becoming the dominant application development paradigm. Thus, there is a data modeling gap between applications and heterogeneous databases. We present some main architecture aspects of the system VHDBS which has been developed by an ongoing research project. This architecture provides a way to support cooperative access to distributed heterogeneous databases and to fill the data modeling gap in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Our work contributes not only to an implementation solution but also to an architecture framework and paradigmatic solution.
A new approach of flexible and light-weighted multichannel electrodes with integrated cables has been developed for interfacing peripheral nerves using micromachining technologies. The process technology is described ...
详细信息
A new approach of flexible and light-weighted multichannel electrodes with integrated cables has been developed for interfacing peripheral nerves using micromachining technologies. The process technology is described and planar and three dimensional electrode designs are presented. The electrodes exhibit promising mechanical stability and high insulation resistance. In first acute in vivo experiments, the authors have recorded electroneurograms (ENG) with a good signal to noise ratio from the stomatogasstric nervous system of the crab.
We present a new type of Petri net called "control and integration net" (CIN) utilized for simulation and evaluation of CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing open system architecture) models. We discuss ...
详细信息
We present a new type of Petri net called "control and integration net" (CIN) utilized for simulation and evaluation of CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing open system architecture) models. We discuss the definition of a set of rules for mapping CIMOSA models to CIN structure, a formal language to describe the CIN structures, and the graphical representation extended from the conventional Petri nets. We also present an engineering environment for cellular manufacturing, in which simulation results will guide the modeller to optimize CIMOSA models with help of the CIN interpreter and simulator according to user requirements.
暂无评论