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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： T. Stieglitz T. Matal M. Staemmler Department of Sensor Systems / Microsystems Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering Saint Ingbert Germany

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applies non-square shaped current pulses for selective activation of thin nerve fibers. The authors developed a multichannel stimulator for the use in FES that enables the application of biphasic, arbitrary shaped current pulses. A high resolution of fast signal portions was combined with the demand of data reduction using a non-equidistant description of the stimulation pulses. The system was realized in a host-client architecture and could be expanded to multiple clients. It operates alternatively as plug-in card via the ISA-bus of a personal computer or as a stand alone device via a serial interface (RS 232 C). Each stimulation channel delivers a maximum current of /spl plusmn/4.0 mA with a resolution of 2 /spl mu/A. Additionally, a measurement unit was implemented to monitor the electrode impedance and an electrode break. A graphical user interface allows an easy and safe operation to control the system. The stimulator was evaluated in first animal experiments. Electrical nerve stimulation was successfully performed with current pulses of different shapes.

关键词： Pulse shaping methods Electrodes Neuromuscular stimulation Nerve fibers Signal resolution Computer architecture Microcomputers Measurement units Computerized monitoring Impedance

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Towards evolutionary and adaptive workflow systems-infrastructure support based on Higher-Order Object Nets and CORBA

Towards evolutionary and adaptive workflow systems-infrastru...

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International Workshop on Enterprise Distributed Object Computing, EDOCW

作者： I. Classen H. Weber Yanbo Han Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Berlin Germany CIS Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany

Issues of workflow systems adaptability and evolution capability are discussed from two perspectives, namely design and evolution of workflow systems from a continuous software engineering perspective as well as redesign and runtime on-the-fly modifications of workflow models from an application perspective. Special attention is paid to a suitable infrastructure support for designing more configurable and adaptive workflow systems. A new workflow language, called Higher-Order Object Nets (HOON), is introduced. The intended uses of HOON are, on one side, to directly describe real-world business processes, and on the other side, to serve as a build-time composition model and a run-time overall control skeleton of the underlying software components that support individual business activities. On the basis of HOON and CORBA, a layered, framework-based and generic system architecture is presented.

关键词： Application software Software systems Runtime Design engineering systems engineering and theory Software engineering Adaptive systems Electronic switching systems Skeleton Information systems

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CUI to GUI migration: static analysis of character-based panels

CUI to GUI migration: static analysis of character-based pan...

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(CSMR) European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering

作者： I. Classen K. Hennig I. Mohr M. Schulz Fraunhofer-Inst. for Software & Syst. Eng. Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Software and Systems Engineering (ISST) Berlin Germany

The paper reports on progress in the construction of an integrated tool environment for the migration of character-based panels of mainframe applications into graphical user interfaces. It presents an approach for static analysis of character-based panels that is based on the identification of dialog entities in panels using generalized descriptions of panel areas and describes a tool supporting the identification process. The goal of the approach is to increase the level of automation in the migration process compared to existing migration tools.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces Application software Automation User interfaces Business process re-engineering Software systems Software tools systems engineering and theory Computers Software standards

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CMOS photosensor arrays with on-chip signal processing

CMOS photosensor arrays with on-chip signal processing

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European Conference on Solid-State Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M. Schanz W. Brockherde R. Hauschild B.J. Hosticka A. Teuner Chair of Microelectronic Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg Duisburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and System Duisburg Germany

This communication presents several linear photosensor arrays implemented in a standard CMOS technology that are based on active pixel sensing principle and utilize on-chip signal processing.

关键词： CMOS process Array signal processing CMOS technology CMOS image sensors Resistors Voltage MOSFETs Photodiodes Filtering Microelectronics

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Selective activation of the urinary bladder with quasi-trapezoidal pulses in sacral anterior root stimulation in the dog

Selective activation of the urinary bladder with quasi-trape...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： T. Stieglitz C. Seif S. Schumacher S. Bross K.-P. Juenemann J.-U. Meyer Department of Sensor Systems / Microsystems Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering Saint Ingbert Germany Department of Urology Klinikum Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany

Experiments have been performed to receive a selective stimulation of the urinary bladder in sacral anterior root stimulation in the foxhound dog. A computer controlled stimulator system has been developed to create arbitrary shaped current pulses using a commercially available universal source. Different monophasic and biphasic quasitrapezoidal (QT-) pulses have been created to investigate the influence of slew rates and pulse shapes on the selectivity of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Following bilateral deafferentation of the sacral roots S1 to S3, the anterior roots S2 were placed into tripolar book electrodes with one cathode and two adjacent anodes. The pressure of the urethral sphincter and the detrusor were monitored during experiments by urodynamic investigation (microtip-catheter). Short stimulation pulse trains were applied and the sphincter response was monitored at six different pulse shapes. At some pulse shapes, an anodal block of the urethral sphincter was observed. In these cases longer pulse trains were applied to monitor the bladder response. A positive pressure difference could be observed in mono- and biphasic QT-pulses. In one case, a non-intermitting voiding in continuous bilateral stimulation of the anterior roots S2 was seen.

关键词： Bladder Pulse shaping methods Monitoring Shape control Control systems Nerve fibers Deafness Books Electrodes Cathodes

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Hotline and consulting in a metropolitan area network: The HotCon approach to integrated services

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COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN systems 1996年第4期28卷 481-490页

作者： Nentwig, L Manhart, S Sandkuhl, K Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering ISST Kurstr. 33 D-10117 Berlin Germany

The state of the basic technology for high speed networks and multimedia applications has already stabilised (incl. transport protocols, compression standards, telecooperation tools). The next challenge is the integration of existing basic technologies into new application environments adapted to organisational structures. The HotCon project has thus adopted an approach whereby existing communication and cooperation support services and newly developed coordination tools are integrated to form an overall system. The resulting multimedia hotline and consulting system will be used by the Berlin Administration to support network and system management. HotCon is based on the Berlin Metropolitan Area Network, an ATM network with a transmission rate of 155 Mbit/s. The HotCon System supports a synchronous or asynchronous dialog between a user and a specialist in problem situations. Asynchronous transmission of information is achieved by means of an extended X.400 service which permits the sending of multimedia messages (incl. graphics and video). Synchronous communication is supported by a telecooperation platform. Solutions to problems and further courseware are stored in a HotCon Database, into which the multimedia information service WWW is integrated. These services and other application-specific tools are brought together under a uniform user interface. The HotCon project is being carried out as part of one of the DFN association's Regional Testbed Projects which are aimed at combining broadband network structures with the development and use of new applications in various parts of Germany.

关键词： distributed application integration CSCW multimedia metropolitan area network

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An architecture for interoperation of distributed heterogeneous database systems

An architecture for interoperation of distributed heterogene...

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7th International Conference on Database and Expert systems Applications (DEXA 96)

作者： Wu, XQ ISST Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering Postfach 520130 44207 Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)354061656X

As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases (hierarchical, relational or object-oriented databases) used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object-oriented technology is becoming the dominant application development paradigm. Thus, there is a data modeling gap between applications and heterogeneous databases. In this paper we present different architecture aspects of the system VHDBS1, which has been developed by an ongoing research project. This architecture provides a way to support cooperative access to distributed heterogeneous databases and to fill the data modeling gap in a distributed heterogeneous environment.

关键词： Object-oriented databases

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An architectural framework for interoperation of distributed heterogeneous database systems

An architectural framework for interoperation of distributed...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex Computer systems

作者： Xuequn Wu Fraunhofer Institute for Software Engineering and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0818676140

As database technology advances rapidly, there are usually heterogeneous databases used by different departments in an enterprise. On the other hand, the object oriented technology is becoming the dominant application development paradigm. Thus, there is a data modeling gap between applications and heterogeneous databases. We present some main architecture aspects of the system VHDBS which has been developed by an ongoing research project. This architecture provides a way to support cooperative access to distributed heterogeneous databases and to fill the data modeling gap in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Our work contributes not only to an implementation solution but also to an architecture framework and paradigmatic solution.

关键词： Database systems Data models Object oriented modeling Object oriented databases Distributed databases Relational databases Scalability Prototypes Software engineering Data engineering

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Flexible, light-weighted electrodes to contact the peripheral nervous system

Flexible, light-weighted electrodes to contact the periphera...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： T. Stieglitz C. Blau J.-U. Meyer Department of Sensor Systems Microsystems Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering Saint Ingbert Germany

A new approach of flexible and light-weighted multichannel electrodes with integrated cables has been developed for interfacing peripheral nerves using micromachining technologies. The process technology is described and planar and three dimensional electrode designs are presented. The electrodes exhibit promising mechanical stability and high insulation resistance. In first acute in vivo experiments, the authors have recorded electroneurograms (ENG) with a good signal to noise ratio from the stomatogasstric nervous system of the crab.

关键词： Nervous system Polyimides Aluminum Etching Resists Biomedical electrodes Insulation Fabrication Performance evaluation Cables

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Design of a control and integration net for simulation of CIMOSA-based business processes in cellular manufacturing

Design of a control and integration net for simulation of CI...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Yushun Fan W. Schonewolf Xuejun Pel State Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems-Engineering Research Center Department of Automation CIMS-ERC Tsinghua University Beijing China Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

We present a new type of Petri net called "control and integration net" (CIN) utilized for simulation and evaluation of CIMOSA (computer integrated manufacturing open system architecture) models. We discuss the definition of a set of rules for mapping CIMOSA models to CIN structure, a formal language to describe the CIN structures, and the graphical representation extended from the conventional Petri nets. We also present an engineering environment for cellular manufacturing, in which simulation results will guide the modeller to optimize CIMOSA models with help of the CIN interpreter and simulator according to user requirements.

关键词： Computational modeling Computer integrated manufacturing Industrial control Automatic control Cellular manufacturing Formal languages Electrical equipment industry Manufacturing industries Computer simulation Design engineering

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