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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Two-phase flow pattern measurements with a wire mesh sensor in a direct steam generating solar thermal collector

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1850卷

作者： Michael Berger Marwan Mokhtar Christian Zahler Daniel Willert Anton Neuhäuser Eckhard Schleicher 1Dipl.-Phys. System Engineering. Industrial Solar GmbH Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 2M.Sc. Research & Development. Industrial Solar GmbH Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 3Dipl.-Phys. Managing Director. Industrial Solar GmbH Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 4Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 5Dr.-Ing. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstr. 2 79110 Freiburg Germany 6Dipl.-Ing. Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstr. 400 01328 Dresden Germany

At Industrial Solar’s test facility in Freiburg (Germany), two phase flow patterns have been measured by using a wire mesh sensor from Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). Main purpose of the measurements was to compare observed two-phase flow patterns with expected flow patterns from models. The two-phase flow pattern is important for the design of direct steam generating solar collectors. Vibrations should be avoided in the peripheral piping, and local dry-outs or large circumferential temperature gradients should be prevented in the absorber tubes. Therefore, the choice of design for operation conditions like mass flow and steam quality are an important step in the engineering process of such a project. Results of a measurement with the wire mesh sensor are the flow pattern and the plug or slug frequency at the given operating conditions. Under the assumption of the collector power, which can be assumed from previous measurements at the same collector and adaption with sun position and incidence angle modifier, also the slip can be evaluated for a wire mesh sensor measurement. Measurements have been performed at different mass flows and pressure levels. Transient behavior has been tested for flashing, change of mass flow, and sudden changes of irradiation (cloud simulation). This paper describes the measurements and the method of evaluation. Results are shown as extruded profiles in top view and in side view. Measurement and model are compared. The tests have been performed at low steam quality, because of the limits of the test facility. Conclusions and implications for possible future measurements at larger collectors are also presented in this paper.

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Common Limitations of Image Processing Metrics: A Picture Story

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Control of the Hydroquinone/Benzoquinone Redox State in High-Mobility Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第20期136卷

作者： Dr. Xing Huang Dr. Yang Li Dr. Shuai Fu Chao Ma Dr. Yang Lu Dr. Mingchao Wang Peng Zhang Ze Li Feng He Dr. Chuanhui Huang Dr. Zhongquan Liao Ye Zou Dr. Shengqiang Zhou Dr. Manfred Helm Dr. Petko St. Petkov Prof. Hai I. Wang Prof. Mischa Bonn Prof. Jian Li Prof. Wei Xu Prof. Renhao Dong Prof. Xinliang Feng Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden 01062 Germany Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany These authors contributed equally to this work Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS) Dresden 01109 Germany Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden 01328 Germany Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sofia Sofia 1164 Bulgaria Nanophotonics Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CC Utrecht The Netherlands Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Conjugated coordination polymers (c-CPs) are unique organic–inorganic hybrid semiconductors with intrinsically high electrical conductivity and excellent charge carrier mobility. However, it remains a challenge in tailoring electronic structures, due to the lack of clear guidelines. Here, we develop a strategy wherein controlling the redox state of hydroquinone/benzoquinone (HQ/BQ) ligands allows for the modulation of the electronic structure of c-CPs while maintaining the structural topology. The redox-state control is achieved by reacting the ligand TTHQ (TTHQ=1,2,4,5-tetrathiolhydroquinone) with silver acetate and silver nitrate, yielding Ag 4 TTHQ and Ag 4 TTBQ (TTBQ=1,2,4,5-tetrathiolbenzoquinone), respectively. In spite of sharing the same topology consisting of a two-dimensional Ag−S network and HQ/BQ layer, they exhibit different band gaps (1.5 eV for Ag 4 TTHQ and 0.5 eV for Ag 4 TTBQ) and conductivities (0.4 S/cm for Ag 4 TTHQ and 10 S/cm for Ag 4 TTBQ). DFT calculations reveal that these differences arise from the ligand oxidation state inhibiting energy band formation near the Fermi level in Ag 4 TTHQ. Consequently, Ag 4 TTHQ displays a high Seebeck coefficient of 330 μV/K and a power factor of 10 μW/m ⋅ K 2 , surpassing Ag 4 TTBQ and the other reported silver-based c-CPs. Furthermore, terahertz spectroscopy demonstrates high charge mobilities exceeding 130 cm 2 /V ⋅ s in both Ag 4 TTHQ and Ag 4 TTBQ.

关键词： Conjugated coordination polymers Metal–organic frameworks Opto-electronics Semiconductors Benzoquinone

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Perspectives on adaptive dynamical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sawicki, Jakub Berner, Rico Loos, Sarah A.M. Anvari, Mehrnaz Bader, Rolf Barfuss, Wolfram Botta, Nicola Brede, Nuria Franović, Igor Gauthier, Daniel J. Goldt, Sebastian Hajizadeh, Aida Hövel, Philipp Karin, Omer Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp Miehl, Christoph Mölter, Jan Olmi, Simona Schöll, Eckehard Seif, Alireza Tass, Peter A. Volpe, Giovanni Yanchuk, Serhiy Kurths, Jürgen Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Telegrafenberg Potsdam14473 Germany Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW Leonhardsstrasse 6 Basel4009 Switzerland Department of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstraße 15 Berlin12489 Germany DAMTP University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt-Augustin53757 Germany Institute of Systematic Musicology University of Hamburg Germany Transdisciplinary Research Area: Sustainable Futures University of Bonn Bonn53113 Germany University of Bonn Bonn53113 Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg412 96 Sweden Department of Computer Science University of Potsdam An der Bahn 2 Potsdam14476 Germany Scientific Computing Laboratory Center for the Study of Complex Systems Institute of Physics Belgrade University of Belgrade Pregrevica 118 Belgrade11080 Serbia The Ohio State University Department of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering 191 West Woodruff Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States ResCon Technologies LLC 1275 Kinnear Rd. Suite 239 ColumbusOH43212 United States Trieste Italy Research Group Comparative Neuroscience Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany Theoretical Physics Saarland University Saarbrücken66123 Germany Center for Biophysics Saarland University Saarbrücken66123 Germany Department of Mathematics Imperial College London United Kingdom Center for Adaptive Rationality Max Planck Institute for Human Development Lentzeallee 94 Berlin14195 Germany Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Max-von-Laue-Straße 4 Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Alte Akademie 8 Freising85354 Germany Department of Mathematics School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstraße 3 Garching bei München8574

Adaptivity is a dynamical feature that is omnipresent in nature, socio-economics, and technology. For example, adaptive couplings appear in various real-world systems like the power grid, social, and neural networks, and they form the backbone of closed-loop control strategies and machine learning algorithms. In this article, we provide an interdisciplinary perspective on adaptive systems. We reflect on the notion and terminology of adaptivity in different disciplines and discuss which role adaptivity plays for various fields. We highlight common open challenges, and give perspectives on future research directions, looking to inspire interdisciplinary approaches. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Space QUEST mission proposal: Experimentally testing decoherence due to gravity

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Joshi, Siddarth Koduru Pienaar, Jacques Ralph, Timothy C. Cacciapuoti, Luigi McCutcheon, Will Rarity, John Giggenbach, Dirk Lim, Jin Gyu Makarov, Vadim Fuentes, Ivette Scheidl, Thomas Beckert, Erik Bourennane, Mohamed Bruschi, David Edward Cabello, Adan Capmany, Jose Carrasco-Casado, Alberto Diamanti, Eleni Dusek, Miloslav Elser, Dominique Gulinatti, Angelo Hadfield, Robert H. Jennewein, Thomas Kaltenbaek, Rainer Krainak, Michael A. Lo, Hoi-Kwong Marquardt, Christoph Milburn, Gerard Peev, Momtchil Poppe, Andreas Pruneri, Valerio Renner, Renato Salomon, Christophe Skaar, Johannes Solomos, Nikolaos Stipčević, Mario Torres, Juan P. Toyoshima, Morio Villoresi, Paolo Walmsley, Ian Weihs, Gregor Weinfurter, Harald Zeilinger, Anton Zukowski, Marek Ursin, Rupert Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3 ViennaA-1090 Austria Centre for Quantum Computation & Communication Technology Department of Physics University of Queensland St LuciaQLD4072 Australia European Space Agency Keplerlaan 1 - P.O. Box 299 AG Noordwijk ZH2200 Netherlands Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Merchant Venturers Building Woodland Road BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom German Aerospace Center Institute of Communications and Navigation Muenchner Strasse 20 Wessling82234 Germany Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Precision Engineering Department Fraunhofer IOF Albert-Einstein-Straße 7 Jena07745 Germany Physics department Stockholm University Albanova universitetscentrum Universitetsvägen 10 Stockholm114 18 Sweden York Centre for Quantum Technologies Department of Physics University of York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom University of Seville SevillaE-41012 Spain iTEAM Research Institute Universitat Politcnica de Valencia Valencia46022 Spain 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi Koganei Tokyo184-8795 Japan CNRS Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris75005 France Department of Optics Faculty of Science Palacky University 17. Iistopadu 12 Olomouc772 00 Czech Republic Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Bldg. 24 Günther-Scharowsky Str. 1 ErlangenD-91058 Germany Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milano20133 Italy School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8LT United Kingdom Vienna Center of Quantum Science and Technology Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 ViennaA-1090 Austria NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Con

Models of quantum systems on curved space-times lack sufficient experimental verification. Some speculative theories suggest that quantum properties, such as entanglement, may exhibit entirely different behavior to purely classical systems. By measuring this effect or lack thereof, we can test the hypotheses behind several such models. For instance, as predicted by Ralph and coworkers [T C Ralph, G J Milburn, and T Downes, Phys. Rev. A, 79(2):22121, 2009;T C Ralph and J Pienaar, New Journal of Physics, 16(8):85008, 2014], a bipartite entangled system could decohere if each particle traversed through a different gravitational field gradient. We propose to study this effect in a ground to space uplink scenario. We extend the above theoretical predictions of Ralph and coworkers and discuss the scientific consequences of detecting/failing to detect the predicted gravitational decoherence. We present a detailed mission design of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Space QUEST (Space - Quantum Entanglement Space Test) mission, and study the feasibility of the mission scheme. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Kavur, A. Emre Rädsch, Tim Sudre, Carole H. Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Cheplygina, Veronika Chen, Jianxu Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kofler, Florian Kooi, Thijs Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. van Calster, Ben Varoquaux, Gaël Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Lena Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg A Partnership Between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montreal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany and Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Biomedical In

Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. While focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computer vision

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EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (XAI) 2.0: A MANIFESTO OF OPEN CHALLENGES AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Longo, Luca Brcic, Mario Cabitza, Federico Choi, Jaesik Confalonieri, Roberto Ser, Javier Del Guidotti, Riccardo Hayashi, Yoichi Herrera, Francisco Holzinger, Andreas Jiang, Richard Khosravi, Hassan Lecue, Freddy Malgieri, Gianclaudio Páez, Andrés Samek, Wojciech Schneider, Johannes Speith, Timo Stumpf, Simone The Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Research Lab Technological University Dublin Ireland University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio Milan Italy Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Korea Republic of INEEJI Corporation Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Derio Spain Bilbao Spain University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Computer Science Meiji University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DaSCI Andalusian Institute in Data Science & Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Human-Centered AI Lab University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sophia Antipolis France eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies Leiden University Netherlands Department of Philosophy Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Center for Research & Formation in Artificial Intelligence Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Department of Philosophy University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Center for Perspicuous Computing Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper not only highlights the advancements in XAI and its application in real-world scenarios but also addresses the ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing the need for broader perspectives and collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from diverse fields to identify open problems, striving to synchronize research agendas and accelerate XAI in practical applications. By fostering collaborative discussion and interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim to propel XAI forward, contributing to its continued success. Our goal is to put forward a comprehensive proposal for advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, we present a manifesto of 27 open problems categorized into nine categories. These challenges encapsulate the complexities and nuances of XAI and offer a road map for future research. For each problem, we provide promising research directions in the hope of harnessing the collective intelligence of interested stakeholders. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ethical technology

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Digital Twins of Business Processes: A Research Manifesto

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Fornari, Fabrizio Compagnucci, Ivan De Donato, Massimo Callisto Bertrand, Yannis Beyel, Harry H. Carrión, Emilio Franceschetti, Marco Groher, Wolfgang Grüger, Joscha Kilic, Emre Koschmider, Agnes Leotta, Francesco Li, Chiao-Yun Lugaresi, Giovanni Malburg, Lukas Mangler, Juergen Mecella, Massimo Pastor, Oscar Riss, Uwe Seiger, Ronny Serral, Estefania Torres, Victoria Valderas, Pedro University of Camerino School of Science and Technology Computer Science Department Via Madonna delle Carceri 7 Camerino62032 Italy Gran Sasso Science Institute Computer Science Department Viale Francesco Crispi 7 L’Aquila67100 Italy University of St.Gallen Institute of Computer Science Rosenbergstrasse 30 St.Gallen9000 Switzerland University of Bayreuth Business Informatics and Process Analytics Wittelsbacherring 8 Bayreuth95444 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin53757 Germany RWTH Aachen University Ahornstraße 55 Aachen52074 Germany Mercadona Tech Mercadona Plaza de Amèrica 2 Valencia46004 Spain PROS Research Center - VRAIN Institute Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera Valencia46022 Spain TU Dortmund University Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5 Dortmund44227 Germany KU Leuven Warmoesberg 26 Brussels1000 Belgium Sapienza Università di Roma DIAG via Ariosto 25 Rome00185 Italy KU Leuven Faculty of Engineering Technology Celestijnenlaan 300 Leuven3001 Belgium Branch Trier University Behringstraße 21 Trier54296 Germany Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Information Systems Trier University Universitätsring 15 Trier54296 Germany OST Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences Rosenbergstrasse 59 St. Gallen9001 Switzerland TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Boltzmannstraße 3 Garching bei München85748 Germany

Modern organizations necessitate continuous business processes improvement to maintain efficiency, adaptability, and competitiveness. In the last few years, the Internet of Things, via the deployment of sensors and actuators, has heavily been adopted in organizational and industrial settings to monitor and automatize physical processes influencing and enhancing how people and organizations work. Such advancements are now pushed forward by the rise of the Digital Twin paradigm applied to organizational processes. Advanced ways of managing and maintaining business processes come within reach as there is a Digital Twin of a business process - a virtual replica with real-time capabilities of a real process occurring in an organization. Combining business process models with real-time data and simulation capabilities promises to provide a new way to guide day-to-day organization activities. However, integrating Digital Twins and business processes is a non-trivial task, presenting numerous challenges and ambiguities. This manifesto paper aims to contribute to the current state of the art by clarifying the relationship between business processes and Digital Twins, identifying ongoing research and open challenges, thereby shedding light on and driving future exploration of this innovative interplay. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Virtual corporation

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Safe food for infants: An EU-China project to enhance the control of safety risks raised by microbial and chemical hazards all along the infant food chains

引用

Global Pediatrics 2022年 2卷

作者： Engel, Erwan Rivière, Gilles Kemmer, Diana Deusch, Oliver Fuchsbauer, Norbert Biesterveld, Steven Krystalli, Evangelia Bondoux, Marion Li, Guang Yang, Weikang Hou, Jianbo Liang, Ying Yang, Hua Fang, Weihuan Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo Flynn, Brian Rantsiou, Kalliopi Van der Burg, Bart Bover-Cid, Sara Zwietering, Marcel H. French National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) UR QuaPA MASS Group Saint-Genès-Champanelle France French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Maisons-Alfort France Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Freising Germany Computomics GmbH Tübingen Germany HiPP-Werk Georg Hipp OHG Pfaffenhofen Germany Friesland Campina Nederland BV Amersfoort Netherlands Yiotis Anonimos Emporiki & Viomixaniki Etaireia Athens Greece INRAE Transfert Clermont-Ferrand France Beingmate (Hangzhou) Food Research Institute Co. Ltd Hangzhou China Yangzhou Fangguang Food Co. Ltd. Yangzhou China Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine (ZAIQ Hangzhou China Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS) Nanjing China Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ZAAS) Hangzhou China Zhejiang University (ZJU) Hangzhou China EPA-UNEPSA Berlin Germany Creme software LTD (Creme Global) Dublin Ireland University of Turin Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences Turin Italy BioDetection Systems B.V. Amsterdam Netherlands Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Food Safety and Functionality Program Monells Spain Wageningen University & Research Food Microbiology Wageningen Netherlands

The EU-project SAFFI targets food for EU's 15 million and China's 45 million children under the age of three. It aims at developing an integrated approach to enhance the identification, assessment, detection and mitigation of health risks raised by microbial and chemical hazards along EU and China infant food chains. SAFFI will benchmark the main risks through an extensive hazard identification system based on multiple data sources and a risk ranking procedure. It will also develop procedures to enhance top-down and bottom-up hazard control by combining management options with a panel of technologies for the detection and mitigation of priority hazards. Furthermore, it will explore unexpected contaminants by predictive toxicology and improve risk-based food safety management of biohazards by omics and predictive microbiology. SAFFI will co-develop with and deliver to stakeholders a decision-support system (DSS) to enhance safety control all along the food chain. This DSS will integrate the databases, procedures and methods described above and will be a framework for a generic DSS dedicated to other food. This overall methodology will also be implemented in a complementary Chinese side of the project, and exemplified for each side, with four case studies that were selected to cover priority hazards, main ingredients, processes and control steps of the infant food chain. Resulting databases, tools and procedures will be shared, cross-validated, concatenated, benchmarked and finally harmonized for further use in the EU and China. This EU-China multi-actor consortium of 20 partners involves academia, food safety authorities, infant food companies, a paediatrics association and technological and data-science SMEs. © 2022

关键词： Baby food Chemical contaminants Decision support system Food safety Foodborne hazards Hazard control Hazard detection Risk assessment

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