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Design model for digital shadows to support reconfiguration decisions in manufacturing

Procedia CIRP 2025年 132卷 153-158页

作者： Michael Riesener Eric Rebentisch Alexander Keuper Aileen Blondrath Philipp Weber Günther Schuh Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Sociotechnical Systems Research Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge USA Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

Personalized production is the result of a paradigm shift in manufacturing driven by customers who are seeking increasingly individualized solutions. Consequently, product families with a high number of variants and short innovation cycles force companies to capture smaller windows of opportunity to stay competitive in a global market. Reconfigurable Manufacturing systems can address this trend by enabling the manufacturing system to be reconfigured in response to changing environmental conditions. However, deciding when to execute a reconfiguration and selecting a suitable manufacturing system configuration for the future is a complex task that requires profound knowledge of the manufacturing system and potential environmental influences. Thus, this paper proposes utilizing Digital Shadows to substantiate reconfiguration decisions with a networked information base. To process this information into an objective decision support, Time-expanded Decision Networks evaluate a sequence of future reconfiguration decisions with regard to economic and environmental target dimensions.

关键词： Reconfigurable manufacturing system Digital twin Digital shadow Digital manufacturing Manufacturing flexibility

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Performance Tradeoff Between Overhead and Achievable SNR in RIS Beam Training

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Laue, Friedemann Jamali, Vahid Schober, Robert Institute for Digital Communications Erlangen91058 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Division Communication Systems Germany Technical University of Darmstadt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Darmstadt64283 Germany

Efficient beam training is the key challenge in the codebook-based configuration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) because the beam training overhead can have a strong impact on the achievable system performance. In this paper, we study the performance tradeoff between overhead and achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in RIS beam training while taking into account the size of the targeted coverage area, the RIS response time, and the delay for feedback transmissions. Thereby, we consider three common beam training strategies: full search (FS), hierarchical search (HS), and tracking-based search (TS). Our analysis shows that the codebook-based illumination of a given coverage area can be realized with wide- or narrow-beam designs, which result in two different scaling laws for the achievable SNR. Similarly, there are two regimes for the overhead, where the number of pilot symbols required for reliable beam training is dependent on and independent of the SNR, respectively. Based on these insights, we reveal that the overhead for FS beam training can be significantly reduced by employing large RISs and wide beams. Moreover, we show that, depending on the RIS response time, feedback delay, and codebook size, FS beam training may outperform HS beam training. In addition, we derive an upper bound on the user velocity for which the overhead is generally negligible. Finally, we present numerical simulation results that verify our theoretical analysis. In particular, our results confirm the existence of the proposed SNR scaling laws and overhead regimes, demonstrate the benefits of wide beams and large RISs, reveal that fast RISs can lead to negligible overhead for FS beam training, and show that large feedback delays can significantly reduce the performance for HS beam training. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Risk management

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Combining Simulation and Recurrent Neural Networks for Model-Based Condition Monitoring of Machines 24

Combining Simulation and Recurrent Neural Networks for Model...

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Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Alexander Wuttke Markus Rabe Joachim Hunker Jan-Philipp Diepenbrock Dept. IT in Production and Logistics TU Dortmund University Dortmund GERMANY Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund GERMANY IVA Schmetz GmbH Menden GERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534202

Maintenance is pivotal in industry, with condition-based maintenance emerging as a key strategy. This involves monitoring the machine condition through sensor data analysis. Model-based approaches compare observed data with expected values from models, which requires high-quality models. An established method is to use simulation models, which in many cases produce good results but may lack precision due to uncertainties. Alternatively, models created by machine learning can detect patterns directly from data. This paper proposes combining simulation models with machine learning models, leveraging the simulation's a-priori knowledge and machine learning's data patterns to enhance models for condition monitoring. Recurrent neural networks are suggested as the machine learning method. The paper outlines a systematic approach and demonstrates its application in an industrial use case, which investigates vacuum processes in industrial furnaces.

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TReCiM: Lower Power and Temperature-Resilient Multibit 2FeFET-1T Compute-in-Memory Design 24

TReCiM: Lower Power and Temperature-Resilient Multibit 2FeFE...

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43rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2024

作者： Zhou, Yifei Kämpfe, Thomas Ni, Kai Amrouch, Hussam Zhuo, Cheng Yin, Xunzhao Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Fraunhofer IPMS Dresden Germany Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame United States Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Munich Germany Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710773

Compute-in-memory (CiM) emerges as a promising solution to solve hardware challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly addressing the"memory wall" issue. By utilizing nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a crossbar structure, CiM efficiently accelerates multiply-accumulate (MAC) computations, the crucial operations in neural networks and other AI models. Among various NVM devices, Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) is particularly appealing for ultra-low-power CiM arrays due to its CMOS compatibility, voltage-driven write/read mechanisms and high ION/IOFF ratio. Moreover, subthreshold-operated FeFETs, which operate at scaling voltages in the subthreshold region, can further minimize the power consumption of CiM array. However, subthreshold-FeFETs are susceptible to temperature drift, resulting in computation accuracy degradation. Existing solutions exhibit weak temperature resilience at larger array size and only support 1-bit. In this paper, we propose TReCiM, an ultra-low-power temperature-resilient multibit 2FeFET-1T CiM design that reliably performs MAC operations in the subthreshold-FeFET region with temperature ranging from 0°C to 85°C at scale. We benchmark our design using NeuroSim framework in the context of VGG-8 neural network architecture running the CIFAR-10 dataset. Benchmarking results suggest that when considering temperature drift impact, our proposed TReCiM array achieves 91.31% accuracy, with 1.86% accuracy improvement compared to existing 1-bit 2T-1FeFET CiM array. Furthermore, our proposed design achieves 48.03 TOPS/W energy efficiency at system level, comparable to existing designs with smaller technology feature sizes. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： MISFET devices

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Ultrafast laser micromachining using wavelengths from ∼ 0.2 µm to ∼ 2 µm 25

Ultrafast laser micromachining using wavelengths from ∼ 0.2...

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Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics: Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XXV 2025

作者： Flamm, Daniel Sailer, Marc Grossmann, Daniel Günther Rübling, Steffen Decker, Dennis Gaida, Christian Blothe, Markus Sutter, Dirk Nolte, Stefan TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH Ditzingen71254 Germany TRUMPF Laser GmbH Schramberg78713 Germany Active Fiber Systems GmbH Jena07745 Germany Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Jena07745 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Jena Center of Excellence in Photonics Jena07745 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684546

We review micromachining strategies with optimized energy deposition from ultrafast lasers operating with wavelengths from 1980 nm down to 257 nm. By discussing multifarious machining concepts, such as, e.g., in-volume silicon processing (NIR), drilling of fine-metal masks (green), or cutting of polymer foils (DUV), we show how processing benefits from adapted photon energies or tighter foci. In all cases, an optimized processing solution is achieved precisely when light source, beam shaping and focusing concept are tailored to each other and to the respective light-material interaction. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Ultraviolet lasers

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The Need for Smart Shop Floor Management in the Automotive Industry: Potentials, Challenges and Requirements

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Procedia Computer Science 2025年 253卷 403-414页

作者： Janika Kutz Altus Viljoen Maximilian Feike Leonard Przybilla Jakob Guhl Jens Neuhüttler Helmut Krcmar Fraunhofer IAO Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO 74076 Heilbronn Germany Informatik 17 - Information Systems and Business Process Management (Krcmar Lab) Technical University of Munich i17 Boltzmannstraße 3 85748 Garching b. München Bauhaus-University Weimar 99423 Weimar Germany

Industry 4.0 and the accompanying digital transformation of the modern-day factory have led to various advances in manufacturing. Shop floor management (SFM) – a core instrument of production management – has to align with these digital advances as well. However, due to SFM’s strong human-centric roots and manufacturers predominantly conducting SFM through analog means, it raises the question of what sort of digital support should be used for SFM and what specifications should be included in digital SFM systems. This study, consisting of a case study comprising semi-structured interviews and on-site inspections at a large original equipment manufacturer (OEM), provides concrete requirements for digitally-supported SFM derived from practice. We investigated which elements from analog SFM should be retained and where possible improvements through digital support exist. Moreover, we identified definitive improvement potentials such as the aggregation of data sources, as well as the preparation, performance, and documentation of shop floor meetings without disruptions in information flows. We conclude that digital transformation in the SFM context neither implies the mere introduction of software to solve specific problems, nor the full automation of SFM processes through digital solutions (what we call “digital” SFM). Rather, we highlight the importance of “smart SFM”: the adoption of sociotechnical systems in which SFM’s traditional social characteristics are maintained but are simultaneously sensibly augmented with digital solutions to improve SFM processes.

关键词： Shop Floor Management Digital transformation Automotive Industry Digitalization

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Extracting contact recombination from FFT-filtered photoluminescence imaging of half-metallised silicon solar cells

EES Solar

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EES Solar 2025年第1期1卷 89-98页

作者： Yifu Shi David N. R. Payne Andreas Fell Cyril Leon Tim Niewelt Edris Khorani Peter R. Wilshaw John D. Murphy Kuninori Okamoto Ruy S. Bonilla Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford UK School of Engineering Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg Germany AF Simulations GmbH March Germany School of Engineering University of Warwick Coventry UK Changzhou Fusion New Material Co Ltd Changzhou China

In high-performance Si solar cells, recombination at the metal-silicon interface has become the major remaining barrier to reaching the theoretical power conversion efficiency limit. Efficient and practical assessment of metal-associated recombination is crucial for understanding and mitigating these losses. This study presents a photoluminescence imaging-based method for evaluating the metal contact recombination current (J_0,c) of rear TOPCon metallisation. The proposed method is based on the Fourier analysis of the periodic pattern corresponding to the metal fingers on samples. This requires no specially designed metallisation geometries. Noise normalisation and bandpass filtering in k-space are used to suppress noise and preserve the metal contrast signal. Numerical device simulations are used to establish the relation between contact recombination levels and the resulting metal contrasts in photoluminescence images. Testing this technique using data from samples made with two different metallisation pastes demonstrates the differences in contact recombination J_0,c values, showing the practical application of the technique. Experimental conditions, including PL illumination and camera resolution, are discussed to determine their influence on the efficacy of the proposed method. This Fourier analysis-based J_0,c determination method is well-suited for industrial finger grid metallisation and has the potential to enable seamless contact characterisation for PV manufacturing.

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First steps towards a chipless, passive THz-based epidermal electronics concept

First steps towards a chipless, passive THz-based epidermal ...

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International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz systems (IWMTS)

作者： L. L. Schaberg T. Kubiczek N. Kolluru S. Santhakumaran R. Burkard W. Mertin F. Muckel G. Bacher A. L. Schall-Giesecke D. Neumaier E. Kirchner J. C. Balzer N. Benson The Faculty of Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Institute of Technology for Nanostructures Chair of Communication Systems Chair of Smart Sensor Systems The Bergische Universität Wuppertal Germany Institute of Medical Technology Systems Institute "Elektronische Bauelemente und Schaltungen" "Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik" Institute Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Duisburg Germany Robotics Innovation Center German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence Bremen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350365832

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365849

This contribution rethinks epidermal electronic concepts by introducing a passive, chipless and wireless approach for skin-based health information detection. The idea is based on the sensitivity of the graphene electrochemical potential to chemical or electrical potential changes at the interface of the thin film and the impact of this on the graphene reflection properties in the THz range. This feature has the potential to enable contactless information readout for future applications, while at the same time significantly simplifying epidermal electronics patches and thus mitigating current technology limitations. In this contribution a proof of principle experiment based on a dual gate electrochemical graphene transistor structure is discussed, to demonstrate the tuneability of the graphene electrochemical potential as a prerequisite for our concept. THz time domain spectroscopy is then used to demonstrate he impact of this electrochemical potential variation on the graphene reflection properties between 100GHz and 1.5THz, proving the feasibility of our concept.

关键词： Wireless communication Electric potential Wireless sensor networks Voltage measurement Graphene Logic gates Epidermis Reflection Transistors Time-domain analysis

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Electronic Library for Commercially Usable Emotional Stimuli (EL-CUES): An Annotated Image Database for Emotion Induction validated in a German population

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年

作者： Engelhardt, Moritz Holzer, Nina Pahl, Jaspar Freiherr, Jessica Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Erlangen91054 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems IIS Erlangen91058 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV Department for Sensory Analytics & Technologies Freising85354 Germany

Inducing specific emotional states in participants is a critical step in many behavioral experiments. Researchers often rely on databases that provide validated stimuli, such as images, for emotional elicitation. However, many of these databases have significant limitations, such as outdated image sets, lack of generalizability across different participant demographics, and a restriction to basic research settings, which complicates their use in commercial research and applied sciences. Here, we introduce the Electronic Library for Commercially Usable Emotional Stimuli (EL-CUES) - a stimulus database comprising 210 images annotated for valence, arousal, and basic emotions by 532 German raters, resulting in an average of 116 ratings per image. Based on these annotations, we grouped the images from the EL-CUES database into eight emotional response groups using k-means clustering. We provide a tool for selecting images tailored to specific individual characteristics, such as gender and age, and the desired emotional response. EL-CUES is available for research and commercial licensing, offering a new option for emotion induction in both basic and applied research with enhanced functionality compared to existing databases. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Affective computing Arousal Clustering Emotion Image databases Valence

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Second harmonic generation in iridium and iridium/Al2O3 heterostructure coatings

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Optical Materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1236-1245页

作者： Paul, Pallabi Rafi, Raihan Beer, Sebastian Ghaebi, Omid Klimmer, Sebastian Soavi, Giancarlo Nolte, Stefan Schröder, Sven Tünnermann, Andreas Szeghalmi, Adriana Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 Jena07745 Germany Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4 Berlin12489 Germany Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Solid State Physics Helmholtzweg 5 Jena07743 Germany ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena07743 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Center of Photonic Excellence Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany

In this work, we demonstrate the potential of iridium (Ir) and iridium/alumina (Ir/Al2O3) based atomic-scale heterostructures as promising non-linear optical materials. We investigated the surface second harmonic generation (SHG) response from Ir nanoparticles and their heterostructures. The SHG signal from Ir increases with the surface coverage of nanoparticles but is constrained by self-absorption beyond a certain thickness. Notably, the Ir/Al2O3 heterostructures demonstrate up to two orders of magnitude higher SH response than bare Ir, attributed to improved optical properties by incorporating the dielectric material. This study highlights the potential of precisely grown Ir/Al2O3 metal-dielectric heterostructures based on atomically thin layers for advanced optical applications. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Optical coatings

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