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A recommendation system for energy saving and user engagement in existing buildings

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2022年第1期176卷 1-11页

作者： Pruvost, Hervé Calleja-Rodríguez, Gloria Enge-Rosenblatt, Olaf Jiménez-Redondo, Noemi Peralta-Escalante, Juan Jacobo Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Dresden Germany RandD Division Cemosa Málaga Spain

Ranked as the major energy-consuming sector, the building industry continuously introduces enhanced energy-management systems towards more energy efficiency. Despite technological progress, high amounts of resources are still wasted worldwide due to the wrong usage of energy systems in existing building stock. As a response, this paper proposes a recommendation system that is based on information and communication technologies and that provides building users with hands-on executable recommendations to reduce their energy consumption. Indeed, because of their lack of energy awareness and knowledge, people may need guidance in their daily usage of a building to change their energy behaviour and to save energy. For that purpose, the recommendation system analyses building operation data in real time to identify energy wastes as well as suitable energy conservation measures that shall help in saving energy. One main challenge is to provide a highly scalable solution that can be easily applied in a wider range of buildings, thus enabling resource saving at a large scale or even worldwide. For that purpose, the system relies on a model-based expert system for easy adaptation in any building regardless of its type, size and usage. © 2023 Published with permission by the ICE under the CC-BY 4.0 license. (.

关键词： Buildings

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POTENTIALS AND BARRIERS OF THE METAVERSE FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY

POTENTIALS AND BARRIERS OF THE METAVERSE FOR CIRCULAR ECONOM...

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2024 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2024

作者： Kunert, Julia van der Valk, Hendrik Scheerer, Hannah Hoppe, Christoph TU Dortmund University NRW Dortmund Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST NRW Dortmund Germany Dept. of Industrial Manufacturing Fraunhofer ISST NRW Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534202

Sustainability is a challenge for society that circular economy tries to tackle. The metaverse, as an emerging technology that incorporates digital twins and simulation in an immersive virtual environment, has not been thoroughly investigated in connection to circular economy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to summarize the potentials and barriers of the use of the metaverse for circular economy. By conducting a structured literature review, this paper categorizes the findings into dimensions that are important for both the metaverse and circular economy. A variety of potentials and barriers that cover different perspectives important for businesses aiming to comply with circular economy principles is discovered. The findings include potentials and barriers in several areas, like the access to the metaverse, connected costs, data, knowledge transfer, collaboration, innovation, product design, production planning, training of employees, and transportation. The results can be used to promote the implementation of circular economy principles. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual environments

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A Frequency Locked-Loop with Reduced Tuning Complexity for Single-Phase Grid-Tied System with Inherent DC-Offset Rejection Capability 4

A Frequency Locked-Loop with Reduced Tuning Complexity for S...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SEFET 2024

作者： Hassan, Faridul Kumar, Amritesh Pati, Avadh Stickan, Benjamin National Institute of Technology Silchar Department of Electrical Engineering Assam India Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Ise Center for Power Electronics and Sustainable Grids Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383997

To ensure the high performance of grid-connected systems, a synchronization unit plays a crucial role. The frequency-locked loop (FLL) has gained popularity for the synchronization and control of grid-tied converters in recent times. The presence of DC-offset in the measured grid voltage deteriorates the performance of the FLL and also affects system dynamics. The Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI)-FLL is widely accepted among researchers. However, achieving high performance with the SOGI-FLL depends on fine-tuned parameters. The SOGI-FLL involves trade-offs between gains, so attaining the optimal design of the gain parameters leads to more complexity. This paper proposes a simple FLL structure to enhance the performance of the FLL and grid-tied converter control under DC-offset and grid disturbances. The proposed FLL has reduced tuning complexity and robust DC-offset rejection capability with enhanced dynamic performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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THERMALLY ASSISTED PEELING AS A HIGH-QUALITY DISASSEMBLY PROCESS FOR THERMOPLASTIC TAPE WOUND COMPOSITES 23

THERMALLY ASSISTED PEELING AS A HIGH-QUALITY DISASSEMBLY PRO...

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23rd International Conference on Composite Materials, ICCM 2023

作者： Grenier, R. Imbert, M. Hohe, J. Balle, F. May, M. Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI Freiburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM Freiburg Germany University of Freiburg Faculty of Engineering Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH Freiburg Germany

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Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Performance Modelling: Evaluation of the System Advisor Model (SAM) Based on Experimental Data from a Grid-Connected Rainscreen System 5th

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Performance Modelling: Eval...

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5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment, COBEE 2022

作者： Jazouli, Soukaïna Wilson, Helen Rose Eisenlohr, Johannes Kapsis, Konstantinos Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811998218

As global efforts on the electrification of the built environment intensify, buildings are expected to become energy-flexible and provide different services to the grid, including onsite electricity generation. Distributed energy sources such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) have a key role to play in this transition. Thus, it is essential for building professionals to use accurate and reliable tools to predict the energy performance of these installations. BIPV refers to photovoltaic systems that can replace conventional building components. The electrical performance of BIPV can differ from that of conventional PV due to their tilt angles, poorer rear ventilation, and partial shading by the surroundings. The objective of this study is to review existing performance models and evaluate their applicability to BIPV. In this study, the performance of a 5.3 kWp south-east facing BIPV rainscreen system of an institutional building was evaluated for one year on the basis of monitored data. High-resolution meteorological, electrical, and surface temperature data were collected and analysed. A model was created based on the BIPV system specifications using the NREL System Advisor Model (SAM). The analysis revealed that SAM can generate accurate and reliable data when it comes to predicting the electricity-generating and temperature behaviour of a BIPV façade, with an overall coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 48 to 95%, depending on the simulation timestep used. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Specifications

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The Role of Renewable Energy Generation in Electric Vehicles Transition and Decarbonization of Transportation Sector

The Role of Renewable Energy Generation in Electric Vehicles...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical engineering and 2023 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power systems Europe, EEEIC / I and CPS Europe 2023

作者： Ali, Qais Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa Lombardi, Pio Sanseverino, Eleonora Riva Zizzo, Gaetano University of Palermo Department of Engineering Palermo90128 Italy Fraunhofer Institute IFF Energy Systems and Infrastructures Magdeburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347432

Electric vehicles are the future of the transport sector. The massive transition from traditional passenger vehicles to electric vehicles will play an important role in the decarbonization of the transport sector and moving toward zero emissions. The main problem will be the generation source of electricity to charge the huge fleet of future electric vehicles. Hence clean and renewable energy sources will play a vital role in making electric vehicles carbon-free. In this paper, the impact of the carbon dioxide emission factor of power systems on electric vehicles has been studied in detail. A carbon dioxide emission comparison has been done for traditional passenger vehicles and electric vehicles. The study has been carried out for three Italian regions, the Tuscany Region, Sicily Region, and Sardinia Region having low, medium, and high carbon dioxide emission factors of power systems respectively, with different penetration levels of electric vehicles. An ideal scenario with 100 percent renewable energy sources and an extreme Scenario with 0 percent renewable energy sources in the power system has also been studied for electric vehicles' role in the decarbonization of the transport sector. The result obtained in this study showed that renewable energy sources in the future power grids will have a significant impact in making electric vehicles zero-emissions cars and many European Union goals of making the transport sector zero carbon cannot be achieved without making the future power system grids renewable. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Using Yield and Entropy-Based Characteristics for Circular Economy

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2024年第3期4卷 2169-2197页

作者： Compart, Fred Gräbner, Martin Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Dresden Germany TU Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IEC) Freiberg Germany TU Bergakademie Freiberg Center for Efficient High Temperature Processes and Materials Conversion (ZeHS) Freiberg Germany

Environmental impacts of the extant linear carbon economy and aspects of conservation of resources demand a transformation to a circular carbon economy (CCE). In view of this transformation, carbon-containing plastic products should be reused and recycled to prevent or minimize the release of their carbon content into the environment. Different plastic waste feedstock recycling strategies are applicable, with different degrees of feedstock destruction, depending on the degree of degradation and contamination of the intended recycle fractions. The evaluation of the effectiveness of recycling processes by substance and carbon-based yield and entropic characteristics could be a part of the overall evaluation strategy for recycling processes. Possible principles and base equations of such substance and carbon-based yield and entropic characteristics, extracted from the literature and adapted, are delineated in this article. Substance-based characteristics could be applied for physical recycling processes in which the aspired recovery substances remain preserved and are physically separated. A resort to carbon-based characteristics could be practiced for recycling and combustion processes, in which the feedstock is chemically destroyed, and new substances are possibly synthesized. Stylized process examples depict the way of a joint usage of yield and entropic characteristics. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Chemical recycling Circular carbon economy Circular economy Mechanical recycling Statistical entropy analysis

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Assessing IEMI Vulnerabilities in MEMS Barometers: A Comparative Approach 14

Assessing IEMI Vulnerabilities in MEMS Barometers: A Compara...

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14th International Workshop on the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits, EMC Compo 2024

作者： Lavau, Louis Cesbron Suhrke, Michael Knott, Peter Electromagnetic Effects and Threats Fraunhofer Institute for Technological Trend Analysis INT Euskirchen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques FHR Wachtberg Germany Radar Systems Engineering Institute of High Frequency Technology RWTH Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504632

As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands, sensors play a crucial role in collecting and transmitting vital data across various domains. However, their susceptibility to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) raises significant concerns. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of barometric sensors to IEMI. Utilizing a methodology similar to previous studies, measurements were conducted using Continuous Wave (CW) and pulse signals to assess sensor behavior under IEMI. The findings reveal differences in susceptibility between the studied barometers highlighting distinct vulnerabilities and responses to electromagnetic interference. Specifically, variations in temperature and pressure readings, along with system crashes induced by IEMI, were observed. Additionally, potential coupling paths on PCBs are discussed. This study underscores the importance of tailored mitigation strategies for sensor-based systems. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Barometers

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Automated Anomaly Detection in Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Linear Least Squares Approximation 25

Automated Anomaly Detection in Concentrated Solar Power Plan...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2024

作者： Jungnickel, Robert Olbrych, Sylwia Zeng, Michael Kraft, Thomas Behrens, Fabian Gannouni, Aymen Abdelrazeq, Anas Schmitt, Robert H. Rwth Aachen University Production Metrology And Quality Management Institute For Information Management In Mechanical Engineering Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute For Solar Energy Systems Ise Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340266

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants generate extensive multivariate time series data due to their operational complexity. In these plants, heat transfer fluids in parabolic trough systems are crucial in collecting and transferring solar heat to the power generation system. However, detecting anomalies such as vacuum heat losses in parabolic trough systems is challenging. This is further exacerbated by the daily fluctuations in solar radiation, which make accurate measurements difficult. To address these challenges, we propose a new automated anomaly detection algorithm using least linear squares approximation. The application of our approach to time series data from a commercial CSP plant in Spain provides promising preliminary results. Future applications of this methodology can improve the reliability and efficiency of parabolic trough systems in CSP plants, which represents a key aspect of our future work. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Concentrated solar power

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Conceptual Framework for Prescriptive Analytics Based on Decision Theory in Smart Factories 1

Conceptual Framework for Prescriptive Analytics Based on Dec...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Advances in Data-Driven Analytics and Intelligent systems, ADACIS 2023

作者： Weller, Julian Migenda, Nico Wegel, Arthur Kohlhase, Martin Schenck, Wolfram Dumitrescu, Roman Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Digital Transformation Paderborn Germany Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences and Arts Center for Applied Data Science Gütersloh Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design Advanced Systems Engineering Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344158

Prescriptive analytics plays a vital role in decision making processes in smart factories by leveraging available data to provide actionable insights. Time-sensitive decisions related to maintenance, product quality, processes and production management require cost efficient solutions. However, the lack of a comprehensive conceptual framework poses challenges in implementing effective prescriptive analytics solutions. The framework shall serve as a baseline to describe and differentiate modular prescriptive analytics approaches. In this paper, we introduce a four-step prescriptive analytics conceptual framework, which facilitates the development and deployment of prescriptive models in smart factories. Additionally, we emphasize the existing gap between prescriptive analytics and decision theory in the current state of the art. Decision theory already provides sophisticated human centric approaches that can be transferred to the data driven approaches that are part of prescriptive analytics. The conceptual prescriptive analytics framework is derived from real world use cases in smart factories, decision theory frameworks and requirements from literature. We discuss the key components and considerations for each step and highlight their interdependencies in a smart factory environment. Our main contribution is a conceptual framework which enables practitioners and researchers to develop modular and efficient prescriptive analytics implementations for smart factories. We advise practitioners to focus on creating data driven decisions and using the framework as a reference for implementation. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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