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Limitations of nearest-neighbor quantum networks

Physical Review A 2022年第1期106卷 L010401-L010401页

作者： F. Hahn A. Dahlberg J. Eisert A. Pappa Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin 14195 Berlin Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany QuTech TU Delft 2628CJ Delft The Netherlands Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute 10587 Berlin Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems-FOKUS 10589 Berlin Germany

Quantum communication research has in recent years shifted to include multipartite networks for which questions of quantum network routing naturally emerge. To understand the potential for multipartite routing, we focus on the most promising architectures for future quantum networks—those connecting nodes close to each other. Nearest-neighbor networks, such as rings, lines, and grids, have been studied under different communication scenarios to facilitate the sharing of quantum resources especially in the presence of bottlenecks. We analyze the potential of nearest-neighbor entangling gate quantum networks and identify some serious limitations by demonstrating that rings and lines cannot overcome common bottleneck communication problems.

关键词： Entanglement manipulation Quantum communication Quantum entanglement Quantum information theory Quantum networks Quantum repeaters

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Towards a Goal of Self-Assembling Molecules as Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Towards a Goal of Self-Assembling Molecules as Hole Transpor...

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IEEE Conference Photovoltaic Specialists (PVSC)

作者： Jann B Landgraf Yashika Gupta Patricia S C Schulze Stefan W Glunz Juliane Borchert Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies Freiburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) Freiburg Germany Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH) Chair of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665464260

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475822

The interface engineering of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells plays a crucial role on the way towards higher performance. Self-assembling molecules (SAMs) such as Meaâ ‘4PACz can in theory provide a nearly loss-less hole-selective contact. However, wettability issues occur and further investigations on the influence of various processing parameters on the quality of the SAM layer are needed. Here, we provide wettability improvements by implementation of an aluminum oxide nanoparticle layer between hole transport layer and perovskite. Furthermore, we compare SAM layers with an aqua plasma or UV /ozone surface treatment before SAM deposition, SAM layers deposited via spin coating or evaporation, and SAM layers washed or non-washed after SAM deposition. Contact angle and cyclic voltammetry measurements are used for SAM characterization and the electro-optical performance of tandem solar cells is tested as well. While the deposition technique only plays a minor role, the UV/ozone treatment and inclusion of a washing step led to improved solar cell performance.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems Gases Self-assembly Photovoltaic cells Perovskites Plasmas Evaporation Coatings Surface treatment Electro-optical waveguides

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Systematics for an Integrative Modelling of Product and Production System

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 104-109页

作者： Louis Schäfer Matthias Günther Alex Martin Mariella Lüpfert Constantin Mandel Simon Rapp Gisela Lanza Harald Anacker Albert Albers Daniel Köchling wbk – Institute of Production Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design (IEM) Zukunftsmeile 1 33102 Paderborn Germany IPEK – Institute of Product Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstr. 10 76131 Karlsruhe Germany BENTELER Automobiltechnik GmbH An der Talle 27 – 31 33102 Paderborn Germany

Due to shorter product life-cycles, manufacturing companies nowadays must maximize efficiency in development and planning of products and production systems. To achieve this, new methods and tools are required to cope with increasing product variants and system complexity. Therefore, we propose a holistic systematics to develop a consistent, model-based architecture for products, production systems and their interdependencies. For this, we give a domain-specific ontology containing model elements, relationships and attributes. Ontology and systematics are applied to a use-case from the automotive industry. In summary, the approach deals with modern-day demands in engineering by considering interdependencies between product and production systems.

关键词： Model-Based systems engineering Advanced systems engineering Product-Production-CoDesign

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Optimization of Energetic Refurbishment Roadmaps for Multi-Family Buildings Utilizing Heat Pumps

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Vollmer, Raphael Lämmle, Manuel Hess, Stefan Henning, Hans-Martin Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Germany Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering Emmy-Noether Str. 2 Freiburg79110 Germany

A novel methodology for calculating optimized refurbishment roadmaps is developed in this paper. The aim of the roadmaps is to determine when and how should which component of the building envelope and heat generation system be refurbished to achieve the lowest net present value. The integrated optimization approach couples a particle swarm optimization algorithm to a dynamic building simulation of building envelope and the heat supply system. Due to a free selection of implementation times and refurbishment depth, the optimization method achieves the lowest net present value and high CO 2 reduction and is therefore an important contribution to achieve climate neutrality in the building stock. The method is exemplarily applied to a multi-family house built in 1970. In comparison to a standard refurbishment roadmap, cost savings between 6-16 % and CO 2 savings between 6-59 % are possible. The sensitivity of the refurbishment roadmap measures is analyzed on the basis of a parametric analysis. Robust optimization results are obtained with a mean refurbishment level of approx. 50 kWh/m²/a of the building envelope. The preferred heat generation system is a bivalent brine-heat pump system with a share of 70 % of the heat load being covered by the electric heat pump. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Home Monitoring of the Carotid Arteries Using a Mobile Auscultation Device with App

Home Monitoring of the Carotid Arteries Using a Mobile Auscu...

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作者： Müller, Inga Henze, Jasmin Burmann, Anja Salvi, Rutuja Friebe, Michael Baum, Rainer Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences Department Lippstadt 2 Hamm Lippstadt Germany IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany AGH UST Department of Measurement and Electronics Kraków Poland HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von- Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany

Cerebrovascular diseases like atherosclerosis pose a great threat to health and wellbeing of people worldwide. To enable early diagnosis and treatment of a gradually progressing occlusion of the carotid arteries, we propose the BODYTUNE system. Consisting of a custom-built auscultation device and a mobile application, it aims at enabling the monitoring of the blood flow within the carotid arteries on a regular basis at home. In this work, we present the results of a survey with 65 participants from the system target group to investigate aspects like technical affinity and experience with comparable systems. These results provide the basis on how the BODYTUNE system should be designed to be user-centered, match the users needs and address their concerns. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Surveys

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Planning Under Partial Observability: A Study in High-Precision Manufacturing

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Weichert, Dorina Kister, Alexander Houben, Sebastian Volbach, Peter Trost, Marcus Hartung, Johannes Bergner, Alexander Wrobel, Stefan Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS Sankt Augustin Germany Berlin Germany University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg Sankt Augustin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Jena Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning Germany

Conceptually, high-precision manufacturing is a sequence of production and measurement steps, where both kinds of steps lead to non-deterministic results due to production and measurement tolerances. In this paper, we demonstrate how to effectively represent these manufacturing processes as Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) and derive an offline strategy with state-of-the-art Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) approaches. In doing so, we face two challenges: a continuous observation space and explainability requirements from the side of the process engineers. As a result, we find a tradeoff between the quantitative performance of the solution and its explainability. In a nutshell, the paper elucidates the entire process for finding a reliable solution: We design and validate a white-box simulation from expert knowledge, examine state-of-the-art POMDP solvers, and discuss our results from both the perspective of state-of-the-art machine learning research and as an illustration for high-precision manufacturing practitioners. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Graphene-Based Balanced Nonlinear Transmission-Line Frequency Doubler

Graphene-Based Balanced Nonlinear Transmission-Line Frequenc...

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German Microwave Conference

作者： Abdelrahman Elgamal Paula Palacios Renato Negra Thomas Dallmann Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques Wachberg Germany RWTH Aachen Chair of Radar Systems Engineering Institute of High Frequency Technology Aachen Germany Chair of High Frequency Electronics RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany Research Group FAVF Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

This paper introduces a tunable balanced Nonlinear Transmission-Line (NLTL) frequency doubler topology designed using graphene-based Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology. The frequency doubler chip, operating at a centre frequency of 1.6 GHz, is presented alongside its validation through a proof-of-concept Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The proposed topology offers significant advantages, including high harmonics suppression and exceptional phase noise performance. We employ two measurement setups to evaluate the PCB's performance, showcasing the practical applicability of the design. The frequency doubler design achieved remarkable performance, featuring a conversion gain of -11 dB with high tunability. The circuit exhibited good fundamental suppression below -25 dB, and third and fourth harmonic suppression lower than -35 dB. Moreover, the circuit showcased low-phase noise with a delta carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 6.33 dB.

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Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence Applications for Quality Optimisation in Metal Additive Manufacturing

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 497-502页

作者： Jan Büscher Jonas Zajackowski Hans-Georg Rademacher Wolfgang Tillmann Jochen Deuse Institute of Production Systems TU Dortmund University Leonhard-Euler-Str.5 44227 Dortmund Germany RIF Institute for Research and Transfer e.V. Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 20 44227 Dortmund Germany Institute of Materials Engineering TU Dortmund University Leonhard-Euler-Str.2 44227 Dortmund Germany Centre for Advanced Manufacturing University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

Market demand is driving the trend towards more individualised products, a phenomenon known as mass customisation. This has spurred the development of innovative technologies, collectively referred to as Industry 4.0. Within this framework, Metal Additive Manufacturing and Artificial Intelligence serve as cornerstone technologies. In manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing promises the ability to efficiently produce low-volume products with reduced lead times. At the same time, it promises greater sustainability, reduced production complexity and improved supply chain resilience. However, the complex physical processes involved are beyond the capabilities of traditional quality improvement techniques such as Statistical Quality Control, necessitating the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence. Although the AI Act seeks to establish a robust regulatory framework to improve the trustworthiness of AI applications, empirical studies substantiating this trust in the context of quality optimisation remain scarce. To address this gap, this study explores the implementation of trustworthy AI in quality optimisation for Metal Additive Manufacturing, evaluating established frameworks and employing state-of-the-art methods to validate the trustworthiness of AI-based quality optimisation techniques. In addition, the physical plausibility and reliability of the AI models are qualitatively checked by process experts.

关键词： Trustworthy AI Deep Learning Metall Additive Manufacturing Quality Optimisation Quality Prediction

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Thrilling AI-A novel, signal-based digital biomarker for diagnosing canine heart diseases

Thrilling AI-A novel, signal-based digital biomarker for dia...

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作者： Bisgin, Pinar Strube, Tom Henze, Jasmin Ljungvall, Ingrid Häggström, Jens Wess, Gerhard Stadler, Julia Schummer, Christoph Meister, Sven Howar, Falk Maria Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Emil-Figge-Str. 91 Dortmund44227 Germany Department of Clinical Sciences University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden Clinic of Small Animal Medicine University of Munich Munich Germany Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Ingelheim am Rhein Germany Department of Health Informatics Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany Department in Software Engineering Technical University of Dortmund Dortmund Germany

Auscultation methods enable non-invasive diagnosis of diseases, e.g. of the heart, based on heartbeat sounds. Regular, early examinations using machine learning techniques could help to detect diseases at an early stage to prevent serious health conditions and then provide optimal therapy through continuous monitoring. There is already a lot of work on human data using AI algorithms to detect patterns in signals or images. However, there is hardly no work on detecting heart murmurs with digital such as Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. In this paper, we present a canine auscultation project that aims to provide a tool to establish a baseline of classification parameters from audio signals that could be used to monitor canine health status by analyzing deviations from this baseline. In the future, data analysis could also lead to prediction and early detection of other diseases. © 2022 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Patterns and tools in Robotic systems Integration

Patterns and tools in Robotic Systems Integration

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IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC)

作者： Nadia Hammoudeh Garcia Andreas Wortmann Robot and Assistive Systems Department Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA) Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW) University of Stuttgart Seidenstr. 36 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472616

Software integration activity is crucial to develop robotic applications. However, there is little specific literature dedicated to the integration process in robotics. The research in this field today is mostly focused on a concrete implementation phase and on the development of new technologies, but few researchers target their integration as an application-agnostic process. To shed light on the state of robotics software integration, we conducted a survey among researchers and practitioners in the field. As part of this survey we inquired how robotics software integration is currently performed. This study allowed us to find patterns in the way this process is carried out.

关键词： System integration Software Robots

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