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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Zhicheng Liu, Che-Kai Li, Chao Mao, Ruibin Yang, Jianyi Kämpfe, Thomas Imani, Mohsen Li, Can Zhuo, Cheng Yin, Xunzhao Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Zhejiang University Hangzhou China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States Center Nanoelectric Technologies Fraunhofer IPMS Dresden Germany Department of Computer Science University of California Irvine United States Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have given rise to transformative models, profoundly impacting our lives. These models demand massive volumes of data to operate effectively, exacerbating the data-transfer bottleneck inherent in the conventional von-Neumann architecture. Compute-in-memory (CIM), a novel computing paradigm, tackles these issues by seamlessly embedding in-memory search functions, thereby obviating the need for data transfers. However, existing non-volatile memory (NVM)-based accelerators are application specific. During the similarity based associative search operation, they only support a single, specific distance metric, such as Hamming, Manhattan, or Euclidean distance in measuring the query against the stored data, calling for reconfigurable in-memory solutions adaptable to various applications. To overcome such a limitation, in this paper, we present FeReX, a reconfigurable associative memory (AM) that accommodates various distance metrics including Hamming, Manhattan, and Euclidean distances. Leveraging multibit ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) as the proxy and a hardware-software co-design approach, we introduce a constrained satisfaction problem (CSP)-based method to automate AM search input voltage and stored voltage configurations for different distance based search functions. Device-circuit co-simulations first validate the effectiveness of the proposed FeReX methodology for reconfigurable search distance functions. Then, we benchmark FeReX in the context of k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and hyperdimensional computing (HDC), which highlights the robustness of FeReX and demonstrates up to 250× speedup and 104 energy savings compared with GPU. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nearest neighbor search

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Digital twins in simulative applications: a taxonomy 20

Digital twins in simulative applications: a taxonomy

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Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Hendrik van der Valk Joachim Hunker Markus Rabe Boris Otto TU Dortmund University Dortmund GERMANY Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund GERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)9781728194998

With the advances in information technology, the concept of Digital Twins has gained wide attention in both practice and research in recent years. A Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system and is connected in a bi-directional way with the physical counterpart. The aim of a Digital Twin is to support all stakeholders during the whole lifecycle of such system or object. One of the core aspects of a Digital Twin is modeling and simulation, which is a well-established process, e.g., in the development of systems. Simulation models can be distinguished on the basis of different dimensions, e.g., on the basis of their time perspective. The existing literature reviews have paid little to no attention to this simulation aspect of a Digital Twin. In order to address this, the authors have developed a taxonomy based on an extended literature review to bridge the aforementioned gap.

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Light guides based on terbium-doped borate glass

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Optical Materials: X 2022年 15卷

作者： Grüne, Michelle Schweizer, Stefan Faculty of Electrical Engineering South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences Lübecker Ring 2 Soest59494 Germany Fraunhofer Application Center for Inorganic Phosphors Branch Lab of Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS Lübecker Ring 2 Soest59494 Germany

Luminescent light guides on the basis of barium borate glass are studied. The light guides are optically-activated with different amounts of trivalent terbium ions. Absorption coefficient, photoluminescence quantum efficiency, as well as photoluminescence emission spectra from reference samples serve as input data for ray-tracing simulations. The simulations yield an optimum light guide length of approximately 50 mm with the side faces of the light guide coated with a 100 % reflecting mirror and a rough output face with Lambertian scattering characteristic. The input face is a half-transmitting mirror which is transmissive for the excitation wavelength of 378 nm but reflective for the emission bands in the visible spectral range. For a light guide with a Tb3+ content of 1.77 at.%, a luminance of more than 60 cd/mm2 is predicted for an excitation power density of 1 W/mm2. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Barium compounds

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Industrial Metaverse in Supply Chain Management: Applications, Concepts, and Open Research Paths 24

Industrial Metaverse in Supply Chain Management: Application...

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Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Hendrik van der Valk Julia Kunert Niklas Harke Katharina Langenbach Chair for Industrial Information Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY and Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund NRW GERMANY Chair for Industrial Information Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY Dept. of IT in Production and Logistics TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534202

This research study examines the applications of the industrial metaverse in supply chain management. Thus, it reviews and analyzes the up-to-date knowledge along the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Therefore, a structured literature review is conducted. We derive six core functionalities of the industrial metaverse in supply chains: visibility and monitoring, prediction, simulation, collaboration, training, and optimization. Furthermore, their presence along the different phases of a supply chain is investigated. Besides the functionalities, the relationship between the industrial metaverse and simulation applications and digital twins is analyzed, and a brief description of possible metaverse architectures is provided. This study additionally derives research gaps within the emerging field of metaverse applications and research and defines paths to tackle them.

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JEMA: A JOINT EMBEDDING FRAMEWORK FOR SCALABLE CO-LEARNING WITH MULTIMODAL ALIGNMENT

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sousa, João Darabi, Roya Sousa, Armando Brueckner, Frank Reis, Luís Paulo Reis, Ana Porto Portugal FEUP Porto Portugal INEGI Porto Portugal Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Dresden Germany FEUP Porto Portugal Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems INESC TEC Porto Portugal Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden

This work introduces JEMA (Joint Embedding with Multimodal Alignment), a novel co-learning framework tailored for laser metal deposition (LMD), a pivotal process in metal additive manufacturing. As Industry 5.0 gains traction in industrial applications, efficient process monitoring becomes increasingly crucial. However, limited data and the opaque nature of AI present challenges for its application in an industrial setting. JEMA addresses this challenges by leveraging multimodal data, including multi-view images and metadata such as process parameters, to learn transferable semantic representations. By applying a supervised contrastive loss function, JEMA enables robust learning and subsequent process monitoring using only the primary modality, simplifying hardware requirements and computational overhead. We investigate the effectiveness of JEMA in LMD process monitoring, focusing specifically on its generalization to downstream tasks such as melt pool geometry prediction, achieved without extensive fine-tuning. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates the high scalability and performance of JEMA, particularly when combined with Vision Transformer models. We report an 8% increase in performance in multimodal settings and a 1% improvement in unimodal settings compared to supervised contrastive learning. Additionally, the learned embedding representation enables the prediction of metadata, enhancing interpretability and making possible the assessment of the added metadata's contributions. Our framework lays the foundation for integrating multisensor data with metadata, enabling diverse downstream tasks within the LMD domain and beyond. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Embeddings

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Continuous adiabatic frequency conversion for FMCW-LiDAR

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Mrokon, Alexander Oehler, Johanna Breunig, Ingo Laboratory for Optical Systems Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 102 Freiburg79110 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Georges-Köhler-Allee 301 Freiburg79110 Germany

Continuous tuning of the frequency of laser light is the cornerstone for a plethora of applications in basic science as well as in the industrial environment. They range from the hunt for gravitational waves, the realization of optical clocks over health and environmental monitoring to distance measurements. So far, it is difficult to combine a wide tuning range (> 100 GHz) with sub-microsecond tuning times, intrinsic tuning linearity and coherence lengths beyond 10 m. We show that electro-optically driven adiabatic frequency converters using high Q microresonators made of lithium niobate are able to transfer arbitrary voltage signals into frequency chirps on time scales far below 1 µs. The temporal variation of the frequency nicely agrees with the one of the voltage applied. Superimposing the converted light with the unconverted one, we derived from the beat signal that 200-ns-long linear frequency chirps deviate less than 1 % from perfectness without any additional measures. The Coefficient of Determination is R2 > 0.999. The coherence length of the emitted light is of the order of 100 m. In order to prove these findings, we apply linear frequency sweeps for FMCW LiDAR for distances between 0.5 and 10 m without any signs of nonlinearity. Combined with the demonstrated ns tuning, with the potential to tune the eigenfrequency of lithium-niobate-based resonators by several 100 GHz, our results show that electro-optically driven adiabatic frequency converters can be used in applications that require ultrafast and flexible continuous frequency tuning with intrinsic linearity and large coherence length. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Resonators

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Multiphoton imaging in conjunction with ICG imaging by a rigid endomicroscope combined with laser ablation in the head and neck region 23

Multiphoton imaging in conjunction with ICG imaging by a rig...

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Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXIII 2023

作者： Lai, Chenting Messerschmidt, Bernhard Reichwald, Karl Flämig, Sven Eidam, Tino Stutzki, Fabian Calvarese, Matteo Bae, Hyeonsoo Meyer-Zedler, Tobias Schmitt, Michael Gross, Herbert Hoffmann, Franziska Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando Popp, Juergen GRINTECH GmbH Otto-Eppenstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany Active Fiber Systems GmbH Ernst-Ruska-Ring 17 Jena07745 Germany Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 Jena07745 Germany Friedrich Schiller University Jena Institute of Physical Chemistry Helmholtzweg 4 Jena07743 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany Jena University Hospital Department of Otorhinolaringology Am Klinikum 1 Jena07747 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658738

Here, we present a new handheld multiphoton endomicroscopic system designed for tumor diagnosis in the head and neck region. It consists of an approx. 25 cm long rigid endomicroscopic probe with two variants (0° and 45° bended tip), connected to a handheld scan-head. The system can achieve a field of view > 600 µm for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and other nonlinear imaging modalities by a non-descanned detection, and using a descanned confocal imaging channel to detect light from tissue labeled with indocyanine green (ICG). Furthermore, high-power femtosecond laser pulses can be transmitted through the system for precise tissue ablation which was considered in the optical design of the probe. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Probes

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Introducing readiness scales for effective reuse of open source hardware

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 109卷 635-640页

作者： Robert Mies Martin Häuer Mehera Hassan Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management PTZ 3 Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Digital engineering Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Open source hardware (OSH) describes physical products that allow for "anyone to study, modify, produce, and distribute them". While OSH principles aim to support design reuse, recent studies have challenged whether this is properly applied in practice. Therefore, this article delivers an assessment scheme that allows to identify the readiness of OSH designs for reuse. Testing the scheme on OSH ventilator designs collected by the Publnv ventilator project showed overall good usefulness of the scheme and emphasised the need of unambiguous assessment scales based on common standards. Less than two thirds of Publnv’s listed projects fulfilled minimum criteria for openness.

关键词： open innovation open source hardware open source product development technology readiness documentation readiness design reuse

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Hierarchische Eignungsprüfung von externen (Open) Data Sets für unternehmensinterne Analytics- und Machine-Learning-Projekte

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HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 2022年第1期60卷 144-161页

作者： Kaiser, Matthias Stirnweiß, Dominic Wederhake, Lars Project Group Business and Information Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT Augsburg Deutschland Adesso SE Dortmund Deutschland FIM Research Center University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Deutschland redium GmbH Augsburg Deutschland

Unternehmen erkennen zunehmend die Bedeutung evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Insbesondere die zunehmende Nutzung unternehmensexterner und offener Datensätze (Open Data) fördert die Möglichkeiten evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Dabei basieren evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen mit diesen Datensätzen immer häufiger auf Analysen, welche mittels maschineller Lernverfahren bzw. Machine Learning (ML) vorbereitet oder durchgeführt werden. Weil der Inhalt und die Qualität und damit der Nutzen eines Datensatzes für solche Analyseverfahren im Vorfeld ungewiss ist, stellt die Auswahl und die Beschaffung von geeigneten Daten unabhängig vom ML-Verfahren eine Kernherausforderung dar. Dieser Beitrag stellt deshalb zum Zwecke der Effizienz ein hierarchisches Vorgehen vor. Mit diesem können schemabasierte Datensätze strukturiert und effektiv dahingehend überprüft werden, ob deren Qualität und inhaltliche Fit für einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall (z. B. eine wiederkehrende Entscheidungssituation) ausreichend ist. Im Beitrag beschreiben wir einen Anwendungsfall aus dem Bereich der datengestützten Energieverbrauchsprognose für Wohngebäude, bei dem der Aufwand für die Datensatzauswahl reduziert werden konnte.

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Equivalence in delegated quantum computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wiesner, Fabian Eisert, Jens Pappa, Anna Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz Institute Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems - FOKUS Berlin10589 Germany

Delegated quantum computing (DQC) enables limited clients to perform operations that are outside their capabilities remotely on a quantum server. Protocols for DQC are usually set up in the measurement-based quantum computation framework, as this allows for a natural separation of the different parts of the computation between the client and the server. The existing protocols achieve several desired properties, including the security of inputs, the blindness of computation and its verifiability, and have also recently been extended to the multiparty setting. Two approaches are followed in DQC that demand completely different operations on the clients' side. In one, the clients are able to prepare quantum states, in the other, the clients are able to measure them. In this work, we provide a novel stringent definition of the equivalence of protocols and show that these distinct DQC settings are, in fact, equivalent in this sense. We use the abstract cryptography framework to prove our claims and provide a novel technique that enables changing from one setting to the other. In this way, we demonstrate that both approaches can be used to perform tasks with the same properties. I.e., using our proposed techniques, we can always translate from one setting to the other. We finally use our results to propose a hybrid-client model for DQC. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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