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IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Sanaz Karimijarbigloo Sina Ghorbani Kolahi Reza Azad Ulas Bagci Dorit Merhof Faculty of Informatics and Data Science University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran Department of Radiology Northwestern University Chicago USA Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS Bremen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331510831

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510848

Medical image segmentation is crucial for precise diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring in clinical settings. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success, they struggle with modeling long-range dependencies. Vision Transformers (ViTs) address this limitation by leveraging self-attention mechanisms to capture global contextual information. However, ViTs often fall short in local feature description, which is crucial for precise segmentation. To address this issue, we reformulate self-attention in the frequency domain to enhance both local and global feature representation. Our approach, the Enhanced Wave Vision Transformer (EW-ViT), incorporates wavelet decomposition within the self-attention block to adaptively refine feature representation in low and high-frequency components. We also introduce the Prompt-Guided High-Frequency Refiner (PGHFR) module to handle image degradation, which mainly affects high-frequency components. This module uses implicit prompts to encode degradation-specific information and adjust high-frequency representations accordingly. Additionally, we apply a contrastive learning strategy to maintain feature consistency and ensure robustness against noise, leading to state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in medical image segmentation, especially under various conditions of degradation. Source code is available at GitHub.

关键词： Degradation Wavelet transforms Image segmentation Computer vision Frequency-domain analysis Noise Contrastive learning Transformers Noise measurement Medical diagnostic imaging

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Potentials and Barriers of the Metaverse for Circular Economy 24

Potentials and Barriers of the Metaverse for Circular Econom...

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Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Julia Kunert Hendrik van der Valk Hannah Scheerer Christoph Hoppe Chair for Industrial Inform. Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY Chair for Industrial Inform. Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY and Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund NRW GERMANY Dept. of Industrial Manufacturing Fraunhofer ISST Dortmund NRW GERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534202

Sustainability is a challenge for society that circular economy tries to tackle. The metaverse, as an emerging technology that incorporates digital twins and simulation in an immersive virtual environment, has not been thoroughly investigated in connection to circular economy. Thus, the purpose of this study is to summarize the potentials and barriers of the use of the metaverse for circular economy. By conducting a structured literature review, this paper categorizes the findings into dimensions that are important for both the metaverse and circular economy. A variety of potentials and barriers that cover different perspectives important for businesses aiming to comply with circular economy principles is discovered. The findings include potentials and barriers in several areas, like the access to the metaverse, connected costs, data, knowledge transfer, collaboration, innovation, product design, production planning, training of employees, and transportation. The results can be used to promote the implementation of circular economy principles.

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Designing optimal fast-charging infrastructure for various electric vehicle ranges in emerging-market city

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Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2025年 31卷

作者： Nugroho, Rizqi Ilma Gnann, Till Speth, Daniel Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu Hanafi, Jessica Soehodho, Sutanto Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia Sustainable Energy Systems and Policy Research Cluster Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI Breslauer Strasse 48 Karlsruhe 76139 Germany PT. Life Cycle Indonesia Jakarta Barat DKI Jakarta 11620 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia Transport Research Group Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia

This study highlights the crucial role of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) in decarbonizing transportation systems in emerging markets, focusing on the challenge posed by limited charging infrastructure, which hampers BEV adoption. It proposes a flow-based optimization model that incorporates multiple driving ranges, multi-period assessment, and capacitated charging stations that based on a queuing model to determine the optimal fast-charging infrastructure for a densely populated emerging-market city, specifically the Greater Jakarta Area. Given a widespread access to home charging, this study focuses on meeting the en-route charging demand of long-distance drivers. The proposed model shows that endogenously integrating variations in BEV ranges provides more detailed distributions of station locations, all while maintaining reasonable solution times. Findings indicate an optimal ratio of 218 BEVs per fast charger by 2050, consisting of 372 sites equipped with approximately 62,800 chargers. Over half of these sites require more than 100 chargers to be installed and are mainly positioned along highway corridors. Given the high population density and limited land availability in the area, this study also explores profitability and land utilization aspects, offering strategic guidance to plan the rollout of charging infrastructure in regions with similar characteristics. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： BEV Charging infrastructure Emerging market Greater Jakarta Area Optimization

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Making waveguide frequency converters in lithium niobate robust for handling high light powers by tailoring the electrical conductivity: theoretical considerations 24

Making waveguide frequency converters in lithium niobate rob...

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Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXIV 2025

作者： Buse, K. Herr, S.J. Breunig, I. Laboratory for Optical Systems Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 102 Freiburg79110 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Georges-Köhler-Allee 301 Freiburg79110 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684423

Making the plus and minus c faces of a periodically-poled waveguide of lithium niobate conductive by suitable doping or by covering with films of sufficient conductivity may short-circuit light-induced space charge fields originating from the bulk photovoltaic effect. We estimate that this should be possible without sacrificing low propagation losses. Hence unwanted light-induced refractive index changes can be prevented, helping to increase the light powers up to which the devices can handle light and frequency conversion happens. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Optical frequency conversion

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Chemical and thermogravimetric characterization of chestnut tree biomass waste: towards sustainable resource utilization in the tannin industry

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European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2025年第3期83.0卷 1-13页

作者： Jusic, Jasmina Giannoni, Tommaso Zikeli, Florian Tamantini, Swati Pierpaoli, Valeria Barbanera, Marco Grilc, Miha Tofani, Giorgio Romagnoli, Manuela Department of Innovation in Biological Agro- Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF) University of Tuscia Viterbo 01100 Italy Fraunhofer Italia Research Innovation Engineering Center Bolzano 39100 Italy Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sull’Inquinamento e sull’ Ambiente “Mauro Felli”-CIRIAF Perugia 06125 Italy Department of Economics Engineering Society and Business Organization (DEIM) University of Tuscia Viterbo 01100 Italy CONOT Center of Excellence for Low Carbon Technology Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia NIC Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering National Institute of Chemistry Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a key European species, with Italy playing a crucial role in its forest cover and timber production. Chestnut wood processing generates significant residues,with approximately 40% waste at the sawmill stage alone. A major portion of this waste, including that from fruit tree plantations, is used in the tannin extraction industry, exemplifying a circular economy model. This study analyzed exhausted chestnut wood from the tannin industry, virgin wood (prior to tannin extraction), detannized wood (after tannin removal), and chestnut bark, which is separated before the tannin extraction process. The study assessed both the chemical composition and extractives content of the samples. FTIR analysis revealed structural modifications, with key spectral shifts (1640, 1420, 1240, and 1120 cm⁻¹) indicating enhanced aromatic conjugation after extractive removal. TGA analysis showed that detannized wood degraded faster at high temperatures, suggesting better combustibility and biofuel potential, while lignin-rich residues demonstrated greater thermal stability, making them suitable for insulation and biocomposite applications. These findings support optimizing waste utilization, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing resource efficiency. By promoting innovative uses for tannin industry byproducts, this research contributes to sustainability and strengthens circular economy strategies within the forest-wood sector. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Fiber Bragg Grating Based Tactile Sensing Tool for Minimally Invasive Surgery 25

Fiber Bragg Grating Based Tactile Sensing Tool for Minimally...

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Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics, Treatment, and Environmental Applications XXV 2025

作者： Zhang, Zhenyu Violakis, Georgios Dawood, Abu Bakar Abdalwareth, Ahmad Althoefer, Kaspar Polygerinos, Panagiotis Angelmahr, Martin Schade, Wolfgang Department of Fiber Optical Sensor Systems Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Am Stollen 19H Goslar38640 Germany Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies Clausthal University of Technology Am Stollen 19A Goslar38640 Germany Hellenic Mediterranean University Estavromenos Campus Heraklion71410 Greece School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683686

A novel miniaturized palpation probe for tactile and stiffness sensing based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed in this article. The FBGs are inscribed point-by-point with femtosecond laser and integrated on a pneumatic actuated silicone membrane on the tip of the palpation probe for measuring the tactile force and the object's stiffness. During measurements, the back-reflected signals of the FBGs are monitored. The pressurecharged membrane deforms upon contact, resulting in changes to the measured FBG signal. These changes can be interpreted as the palpated force applied to the probe. Moreover, the deformation of the sensing membrane can be controlled by modulating the induced pneumatic pressure during object indentation, which results in different FBG signal responses regarding stiffness levels. Consequently, the stiffness of the object can be identified. The proposed sensor demonstrates the functionality of stiffness sensing and has the potential for integration into miniaturized tools for various minimally invasive surgical applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Transplantation (surgical)

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Drivetrain simulation using variational autoencoders

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sharma, Pallavi Urrea-Quintero, Jorge-Humberto Bogdan, Bogdan Ciotec, Adrian-Dumitru Vasilie, Laura Wessels, Henning Skull, Matteo Porsche Engineering Etzelstraße 1 Bietigheim-Bissingen74321 Germany Graduate Program Computational Sciences in Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Joseph-Beuys-Straße 8 Kassel34117 Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Division Data-Driven Modeling of Mechanical Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 3 Braunschweig38106 Germany

This work proposes variational autoencoders (VAEs) to predict a vehicle’s jerk from a given torque demand, addressing the limitations of sparse real-world datasets. Specifically, we implement unconditional and conditional VAEs to generate jerk signals that integrate features from different drivetrain scenarios. The VAEs are trained on experimental data collected from two variants of a fully electric SUV, which differ in maximum torque delivery and drivetrain configuration. New meaningful jerk signals are generated within an engineering context through the interpretation of the VAE’s latent space. A performance comparison with baseline physics-based and hybrid models confirms the effectiveness of the VAEs. We show that VAEs bypass the need for exhaustive manual system parametrization while maintaining physical plausibility by conditioning data generation on specific inputs. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

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JuliaGrid: An Open-Source Julia-Based Framework for Power System State Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cosovic, Mirsad Kundacina, Ognjen Delalic, Muhamed Teskeredzic, Armin Raca, Darijo Mesanovic, Amer Miskovic, Dragisa Vukobratovic, Dejan Monti, Antonello Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research Development of Serbia Serbia Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems E.ON Energy Research Center RWTH Aachen University Germany Siemens AG Munich Germany Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad Serbia Fraunhofer FIT Aachen Germany

Modern electric power systems have an increasingly complex structure due to rise in power demand and integration of diverse energy sources. Monitoring these large-scale systems, which relies on efficient state estimation (SE), represents a challenging computational task and requires efficient simulation tools for power system steady-state analyses. Motivated by this observation, we propose JuliaGrid, an open-source framework written in the Julia programming language, designed for high performance execution across multiple platforms. The framework implements observability analysis, weighted least-squares and least-absolute value estimators, bad data analysis, and various algorithms related to phasor measurements. To complete power system analysis, the framework includes power flow and optimal power flow, enabling measurement generation for the SE routines. Leveraging computationally efficient algorithms, JuliaGrid solves large-scale systems across all SE routines with competitive execution times compared to other open-source frameworks. These capabilities are validated through simulations on power systems with 10 000, 20 000 and 70 000 buses. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Power systems computer aided design

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Industrial Metaverse in Supply Chain Management: Applications, Concepts, and Open Research Paths 24

Industrial Metaverse in Supply Chain Management: Application...

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Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Hendrik van der Valk Julia Kunert Niklas Harke Katharina Langenbach Chair for Industrial Information Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY and Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund NRW GERMANY Chair for Industrial Information Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY Dept. of IT in Production and Logistics TU Dortmund University Dortmund NRW GERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534202

This research study examines the applications of the industrial metaverse in supply chain management. Thus, it reviews and analyzes the up-to-date knowledge along the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Therefore, a structured literature review is conducted. We derive six core functionalities of the industrial metaverse in supply chains: visibility and monitoring, prediction, simulation, collaboration, training, and optimization. Furthermore, their presence along the different phases of a supply chain is investigated. Besides the functionalities, the relationship between the industrial metaverse and simulation applications and digital twins is analyzed, and a brief description of possible metaverse architectures is provided. This study additionally derives research gaps within the emerging field of metaverse applications and research and defines paths to tackle them.

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In situ compression of ceramic-organic supraparticles: Deformation and fracture behavior

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Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2025年第13期45卷

作者： Yan, Cong Plunkett, Alexander Bor, Büsra Lilleodden, Erica Schneider, Gerold A. Giuntini, Diletta Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology De Rondom 70 Eindhoven5612 AP Netherlands Institute of Advanced Ceramics Hamburg University of Technology Denickestrasse 15 Hamburg21073 Germany Tenneco Inc. Glinder Weg 1 Glinde21509 Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials Mechanics Max-Planck-Strasse 1 Geesthacht21502 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1 Halle06120 Germany

Supercrystalline nanocomposites (SCNCs) feature intriguing functionalities and exceptional mechanical properties, but they are usually confronted with challenges when it comes to processing them in larger bulk form. One way to tackle this problem is a hierarchical approach, for which spherical SCNCs, i.e. supraparticles (SPs), are promising candidates as building blocks. Understanding the mechanical behavior of SPs is thus a key step towards the development of robust, multifunctional and macroscopic SCNCs. Hereby, in situ compression tests are performed on SPs with varying sizes and levels of crosslinking of their organic ligands. A size-dependent deformation and fracture behavior emerges. Plasticity occurs in larger SPs, while small ones exhibit brittle fracture. Surface stress and compaction affect the elastic modulus. Fracture initiation sites shift from the center of SPs to their equatorial belts with the decrease of SPs’ size. The inverse scaling relationship between fracture strength and SPs’ sizes is rationalized via Griffith theory. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Brittle fracture

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