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Spectrometric determination of current matching in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2826卷

作者： Alexander J. Bett David Chojniak Michael Schachtner S. Kasimir Reichmuth Patricia S. C. Schulze Özde S. Kabakli Minasadat Heydarian Hunter King Volker Sittinger Florian Schindler Jan Christoph Goldschmidt Jochen Hohl-Ebinger Gerald Siefer Andreas W. Bett Martin C. Schubert Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 79110 Freiburg Germany Albert-Ludwigs-University INATECH Emmy-Noether-Straße 2 79110 Freiburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Bienroder Weg 54E 38108 Braunschweig Germany Albert-Ludwigs-University Physics Institute Hermann-Herder-Straße 3 79104 Freiburg Germany

In two-terminal monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, top and bottom cells are interconnected in series. To maximize the current of the entire tandem solar cell, current matching of the two sub-cells is needed. Thus, it is necessary to get access to the individual current of each sub-cell. As it is difficult to measure the absolute external quantum efficiency (EQE) for multijunction solar cells in general and especially if perovskite is involved, in this work, the spectrometric characterization technique enables important insight in the sub-cells’ current limitation. In this method, which has already been applied for III-V multijunction solar cells, current-voltage curves are recorded while the spectrum is systematically varied from a blue-rich to a red-rich spectrum. We apply this technique to perovskite/silicon tandem devices consisting of a silicon heterojunction bottom solar cell and top solar cell in the p-i-n architecture with different perovskite absorbers. In our example, a perovskite absorber with a bandgap of 1.68 eV the top solar cell limits the current, whereas current matching could be reached when using an absorber with a lower bandgap of 1.64 eV. Results from spectrometric characterization are then used to scale the EQEs. We show how optimization strategies for both sub-cells can be systematically derived from these results.

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Schedule Instability in Production Networks: An empirical Study on Drivers and Mechanisms within the Automotive Industry

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第11期51卷 1071-1076页

作者： Moetz, A. Meinlschmidt, J. Otto, B. Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg Germany Technical University Dortmund Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Germany

Schedule instability in production networks is a highly relevant topic for practitioners and academics lacking research, especially from a network perspective. This paper addresses the phenomenon schedule instability in automotive production networks via an abductive case study approach. The objective of this paper is to • Present a structure of the different drivers influencing schedule instability • Present a model of the different mechanisms to tackle these instabilities • Derive the interdependencies between instability drivers and mechanisms © 2018

关键词： Stability

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High-average-power and high-pulse-energy CEP-stable few-cycle pulses: Status of the ELI-ALPS HR2 laser system

High-average-power and high-pulse-energy CEP-stable few-cycl...

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2021 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO/Europe 2021

作者： Hädrich, Steffen Shestaev, Evgeny Walther, Nico Nagy, Tamas Simon, Peter Blumenstein, Andreas Klenke, Arno Klas, Robert Buldt, Joachim Stark, Henning Gebhardt, Martin Breitkopf, Sven Jójárt, Péter Seres, Imre Várallyay, Zoltán Börzsönyi, Ádám Eidam, Tino Limpert, Jens Active Fiber Systems GmbH Ernst-Ruska-Ring 17 Jena07745 Germany Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 Jena07745 Germany Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy Max-Born-Straße 2A Berlin12489 Germany Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V. Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1 Göttingen37077 Germany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 3 Jena07743 Germany ELI-ALPS ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. Wolfgang Sandner utca 3 SzegedH-6728 Hungary Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany

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Production of multimaterial components by material extrusion - Fused filament fabrication (ME-FFF)

Production of multimaterial components by material extrusion...

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European Powder Metallurgy Congress and Exhibition, Euro PM 2018

作者： Kukla, C. Cano, S. Moritz, T. Müller-Köhn, A. Günther, A. Hampel, S. Holzer, C. Montanuniversitaet Leoben Industrial Liaison Department Peter Tunner Strasse 27 Leoben8700 Austria Montanuniversitaet Leoben Department of Polymer Engineering and Science Institute of Polymer Processing Otto Gloeckel-Strasse 2 Leoben8700 Austria Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Winterbergstrasse 28 Dresden01277 Germany Hage Sondermaschinenbau GmbH and Co. KG Hauptstrasse 52e Obdach8742 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781899072507

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a type of material extrusion (ME) additive manufacturing and it is one of the most commonly used polymer-based additive manufacturing techniques. FFF could also be used to produce green parts with complex geometry out of feedstocks and after debinding and sintering a full metal or ceramic part is obtained. FFF offers the possibility of combining different materials. In polymers this is a relatively easy operation. But for the production of ceramic and/or metal parts consisting of different materials this is a challenging task. First the materials to be combined have to show a similar thermal expansion coefficient, then their powders have to sinter similarly and additionally both feedstocks have to be printable in the same machine and to show a comparable debinding behaviour. Here the complete processing route for the combined printing of filaments from steel and zirconia will be shown with emphasis on the required properties of the powders and the related feedstocks. © European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA).

关键词： Fabrication

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Development and Utilization of a Framework for Data-Driven Life Cycle Management of Battery Cells

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 43卷 431-438页

作者： Soumya Singh Max Weeber Kai Peter Birke Alexander Sauer Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobenstr. 12 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP Nobelstr. 12 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) Electrical Energy Storage Systems Pfaffenwaldring 47 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

Advanced battery cells and modules are increasingly used in a variety of applications. Tracking the state of a cell along the product life cycle and in the consecutive life cycles poses a big challenge to the current battery manufacturing industry and OEMs. This is due to diverse types of influencing factors coming from raw materials, manufacturing, usage, product integration and end of life. The goal of this paper is to develop a framework that provides the capacity to survey and assess relevant data at different stages of a battery life cycle. Here we show a data driven framework for data acquisition of relevant product life cycle information. The acquired data is then handled within a data architecture for application of effective data analytics concepts. In our results, we demonstrate how the framework can be implemented for end of life of battery management. The framework focuses on making the information from each life cycle stage available to decision makers for application of possible data analytics concepts. Such organized processing of battery life cycle data can assist in the development of new business models and improvement of existing battery technologies and services.

关键词： Battery cells Product Lifecycle Data-Driven Framework End of life Data acquisition Data Analytics

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Learning from Tetris: A New Approach for the Automated Configuration of the Interconnection Layout of BIPV Modules for Large-Scale Application

Learning from Tetris: A New Approach for the Automated Confi...

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2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Sanghyuk Lee Jan-Bleicke Eggers Kyungsoo Lee Johannes Eisenlohr Energy & Electrical Engineering Korea Polytechnic University Siheung-si Republic of Korea Team BIPV Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg i. Br. Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728161150

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161167

To assess the potential of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) for large numbers of buildings, i.e. for a whole city or beyond, automated and fast but sufficiently accurate methods are required. As a part of a whole tool chain, this paper presents an approach for the automated electric layout of a BIPV system based on the Polyomino algorithm and a simplified approach for the power output calculation. In test cases the calculated layout comes close to the theoretical maximum where each module is operated in its maximum power point. Unlike other existing approaches, the proposed algorithm prioritizes the connection between neighboring modules and leads to practically feasible wiring structures.

关键词： Layout Buildings Shape Flowcharts Radiation effects Wiring Electric potential

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Interlaboratory Comparison Using Inactivated Authentic Sars-Cov-2 Variants as a Feasible Tool for Quality Control in Covid-19 Wastewater Monitoring

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wilhelm, Alexander Schoth, Jens Meinert-Berning, Christina Bastian, Daniel Blum, Helmut Elsinga, Goffe Graf, Alexander Heijnen, Leo Ho, Johannes Kluge, Mariana Krebs, Stefan Stange, Claudia Uchaikina, Anna Dolny, Regina Wurzbacher, Christian Drewes, Jörg E. Medema, Gertjan Tiehm, Andreas Ciesek, Sandra Teichgräber, Burkhard Wintgens, Thomas Weber, Frank-Andreas Widera, Marek Institute for Medical Virology University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40 FrankfurtD-60596 Germany Emschergenossenschaft/Lippeverband Kronprinzenstraße 24 EssenD-45128 Germany Ruhrverband Kronprinzenstraße 37 EssenD-45128 Germany FiW e.V. Research Institute for Water Management and Climate Future RWTH Aachen University Kackertstraße 15-17 AachenD-52056 Germany Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis Gene Center LMU München Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25 MunichD-81377 Germany KWR Water Research Institute Groningenhaven 7 Nieuwegein3433 PE Netherlands DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser Karlsruher Str. 84 Karlsruhe76139 Germany Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering Technical University of Munich Am Coulombwall 3 GarchingD-85748 Germany Institute of Environmental Engineering RWTH Aachen University Mies-van-derRohe-Strasse 1 AachenD-52074 Germany Braunschweig38124 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt am MainD 60595 Germany

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology (WBE) has proven as an excellent tool to monitor pandemic dynamics supporting individual testing strategies. WBE can also be used as an early warning system for monitoring the emergence of novel pathogens or viral variants. However, for a timely transmission of results, sophisticated sample logistics and analytics performed in decentralized laboratories close to the sampling sites are required. Since multiple decentralized laboratories commonly use custom in-house workflows for sample purification and PCR-analysis, comparative quality control of the analytical procedures is essential to report reliable and comparable *** this study, we performed an interlaboratory comparison at laboratories specialized for PCR and high-throughput-sequencing (HTS)-based WBE analysis. Frozen reserve samples from low COVID-19 incidence periods were spiked with different inactivated authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants in graduated concentrations and ratios. Samples were sent to the participating laboratories for analysis using laboratory specific methods and the reported viral genome copy numbers and the detection of viral variants were compared with the expected *** the different procedures, a high concordance regarding the SARS-CoV-2 PCR quantification could be achieved with low variation between the workflows. PCR-based genotyping was, in dependence of the underlying PCR-assay performance, able to predict the relative amount of variant specific substitutions even in samples with low spike-in amount. The identification of variants by HTS, however, required >100 copies/mL wastewater and had limited predictive value when analyzing at a genome coverage below 60%.This interlaboratory test demonstrates that despite different extraction and analysis methods, a high agreement of the SARS-CoV-2 genome copy equivalents could be achieved. Hence, decentralized SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring is feasible to generate comparable analysis results

关键词： Coronavirus

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Methodology for the Simulation based Energy Efficiency Assessment of Battery Cell Manufacturing systems

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 43卷 32-39页

作者： Max Weeber Johannes Wanner Philipp Schlegel Kai Peter Birke Alexander Sauer Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobenstr. 12 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP Nobelstr. 12 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) Electrical Energy Storage Systems Pfaffenwaldring 47 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

The trend towards electrification in the energy and transportation sector requires the build-up of new production capacities for the next generation of high-end battery cells and packs. Consistent high quality products, minimum manufacturing costs and modularity of the production system are considered central planning targets. Here we present a multi-level-simulation approach that is able to complement conventional planning targets while assessing the usage of energy within battery cell manufacturing considering machine availability and site locations. The energy assessment combines simulation models at machine and process level with a model that specifies technical building systems and the building shell. The simulation model was parameterized based on insights from scientific literature, equipment manufacturer data sheets and was checked for plausability through expert interviews. Our results show that improving the energy efficiency of the coating / drying process can reduce total energy consumption of the battery manufacturing system by 13 to 30 % depending on machine availability. Considering the location of the reference factory, Germany performed best in terms of primary energy demand, Sweden best in terms of energy related CO 2 emissions and China achieved superior results in terms of energy related costs.

关键词： battery cell manufacturing energy efficiency modelling simulation factory planing

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BODYTUNE: Multi Auscultation Device-Personal Health Parameter Monitoring at Home

BODYTUNE: Multi Auscultation Device-Personal Health Paramete...

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作者： Salvi, Rutuja Fuentealba, Patricio Henze, Jasmin Burmann, Anja Spiller, Moritz Hellwig, Stefan Faldemolaei, Niki Boese, Axel Illanes, Alfredo Friebe, Michael IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany Instituto de Electricidad y Electrónica Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Surgical Audio Guidance Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany ExoEconomy San Diego United States HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany MEDICS GmbH Magdeburg Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany

Auscultation methods allow the non-invasive diagnosis of pathological conditions (e.g., of the lung, heart or blood vessels) based on sounds that the body produces (e.g., breathing, heartbeat, swallowing or the blood flow). Through regular homebased examinations and Big Data combined with Machine learning techniques like Deep Learning, these could help detect diseases in an early stage, thus preventing serious health conditions and subsequently ensuring optimal therapy through continuous monitoring. This paper presents BODYTUNE, a novel inexpensive multi-Auscultation system that aims at providing a tool for establishing a baseline of audio signal derived classification parameters that could be used for the self-monitoring of personal health for everybody through the analysis of deviations from that baseline. In the future, Big Data analysis could additionally lead to prediction and early detection of disease events. © 2021 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Normalized state-space models of resonant rectifiers

Normalized state-space models of resonant rectifiers

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2019 Kleinheubach Conference, KHB 2019

作者： Mendonca, Lucas S. Radecker, Matthias Killat, Dirk Bisogno, Fabio Ecke Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS Dresden Germany Brandenburgische Technische Universität Mikroelektronik Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Power Processing Engineering Department Santa Maria Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783948571009

In AC-DC power conversion, the input source features: time dependence and phase angle, combined with the complexity of resonant circuits, lead to solutions that are difficult to obtain. In this sense, an analysis and design methodology of resonant rectifiers is proposed, in which, iterative numerical solutions are replaced by analytic solutions with the help of computer algebra systems. The method allows obtaining the AC-to-DC transfer function, the quality factor, the phase angle and the resonance frequency. A case study for the Class-E zero-derivative voltage switched resonant rectifier is performed. Experimental results are shown in order to validate the theoretical approach. © 2019 URSI Landesausschuss in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e.V.

关键词： State space methods

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