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Nature Reviews Clean Technology 2025年 1-16页

作者： Guilin Ruan Avner Rothschild Fiona Todman Mark D. Symes Gilad Yogev Rotem Arad Tom Smolinka Jens Oluf Jensen Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion — Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel The Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) Technion — Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel The Stewart and Lynda Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis (RSCC) Technion — Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow UK H2Pro Caesarea Business Park Caesarea Israel Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg Germany Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

Water electrolysis produces hydrogen and oxygen using electricity. Conventional electrolysers couple the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that occur simultaneously in cells divided by separators into cathodic and anodic compartments. This division prevents hazardous hydrogen and oxygen mixing, but increases the cost of electrolysers and limits their efficiency and dynamic operation under variable load conditions that characterize solar and wind energies. In this Review, we discuss strategies and technologies that decouple the HER and OER in time and/or place. Decoupled water electrolysis utilizes redox mediators such as the polyoxometalate phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40) or nickel (oxy)hydroxide (Ni(OH)2/NiOOH) to mediate ion (H+or OH–) exchange between the cathode and the anode that generate hydrogen and oxygen in different stages or separate cells. Consequently, the risk of hydrogen and oxygen mixing is reduced, in comparison to conventional electrolysis, especially at low currents, enabling safe operation under partial load conditions, which is important for operation with solar and wind energies. Alternatively, redox couples such as silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40) or bromide/bromate (Br–/BrO3–) can store and release hydrogen or oxygen by turn, dividing the HER or OER into electrochemical and chemical subreactions that can yield high efficiency decoupled water electrolysis.

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Pseudomagic quantum states

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gu, Andi Leone, Lorenzo Ghosh, Soumik Eisert, Jens Yelin, Susanne F. Quek, Yihui Department of Physics Harvard University 17 Oxford Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Boulevard BostonMA02125 United States Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin14109 Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin10587 Germany Department of Computer Science Harvard John A. Paulson School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences 150 Western Ave BostonMA02134 United States

Notions of nonstabilizerness, or "magic", quantify how non-classical quantum states are in a precise sense: states exhibiting low nonstabilizerness preclude quantum advantage. We introduce ‘pseudomagic’ ensembles of quantum states that, despite low nonstabilizerness, are computationally indistinguishable from those with high nonstabilizerness. Previously, such computational indistinguishability has been studied with respect to entanglement, introducing the concept of pseudoentanglement. However, we demonstrate that pseudomagic neither follows from pseudoentanglement nor implies it. In terms of applications, the study of pseudomagic offers fresh insights into the theory of quantum scrambling: it uncovers states that, even though they originate from non-scrambling unitaries, remain indistinguishable from scrambled states to any physical observer. Additional applications include new lower bounds on state synthesis problems, property testing protocols, and implications for quantum cryptography. Our work is driven by the observation that only quantities measurable by a computationally bounded observer – intrinsically limited by finite-time computational constraints – hold physical significance. Ultimately, our findings suggest that nonstabilizerness is a ‘hide-able’ characteristic of quantum states: some states are much more magical than is apparent to a computationally bounded observer. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Carotid Sound Signal Artifact Detection based on Discrete Wavelet Transform Decomposition

Carotid Sound Signal Artifact Detection based on Discrete Wa...

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作者： Fuentealba, Patricio Salvi, Rutuja Henze, Jasmin Burmann, Anja Boese, Axel Ataide, Elmer Spiller, Moritz Illanes, Alfredo Friebe, Michael IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany Instituto de Electricidad y Electrónica Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von-Guericke-University + MEDICS GmbH Magdeburg Germany Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Radiology + INKA Application Driven Research Innovation Laboratory Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Surgical Audio Guidance Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von- Guericke-University Magdeburg + IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany

Auscultation methods allow a non-invasive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis based on blood flow sounds of the carotid arteries. Since this process is highly dependent on the clinician's experience, it is of great interest to develop automated data processing techniques for objective assessment. We have recently proposed a computerassisted auscultation system that we use to acquire carotid blood flow sounds. In this work, we present an approach for detecting artifacts within the blood flow sound caused by swallowing or coughing events. For this purpose, we first decompose the signal using a discrete wavelet transform (DTW). Then, we compute an energy ratio between the DWT scales associated with the signal information with and without artifacts using a sliding window of 1 s length. Evaluation based on Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests shows a statistically significant difference (p-value © 2021 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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Production in the loop – the interoperability of digital twins of the product and the production system

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 561-566页

作者： Anna Vogt Philipp Heiner Schmidt Sebastian Mayer Rainer Stark Audi AG Auto-Union-Str. 1 85045 Ingolstadt Germany Technical University of Berlin Chair Industrial Information Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Volkswagen AG Berliner Ring 2 38436 Wolfsburg Germany Technical University of Kaiserslautern Institute for Virtual Product Engineering Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Institute for Innovative Mobility Esplanade 10 85049 Ingolstadt Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

The Internet of Things (IoT) era facilitates new possibilities at the interface between the lifecycle of the product and the manufacturing disciplines allowing to add value and meet growing legal requirements. This work presents use cases from the automobile industry which are analyzed in order to derive requirements for data exchange. The analysis of the use cases shows clearly that we need to focus on the instance level for this purpose. This means that both, a specific unit of the product and the production system, must be considered. As a solution approach, a communication loop is proposed bringing the Digital Twin concept in a new field of usage. The key aspect of the proposed solution is the direct intercommunication between the Digital Twins of the product being produced as a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) and the production resources as Cyber-Physical Production systems (CPPS). This solution enables the aggregation of production-related data within the products Digital Twin and therefore promotes maximal transparency throughout engineering disciplines, phases of the product lifecycle and the whole supply chain.

关键词： Digital twin Digital shadow Digital twin lifecycle Cyber-physical system Intelligent production systems Smart production

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An Efficient Soft Error Tolerant Approach to Enhance Reliability of TCAM

An Efficient Soft Error Tolerant Approach to Enhance Reliabi...

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International Conference on Advances in Science, engineering and Robotics Technology

作者： Rumana Afrin Muhammad Sheikh Sadi Jan Jurjens Department of Computer Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Techonology Department of Computer Science University of Koblenz-Landau and Fraunhofer-Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134468

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is a kind of extraordinary memory which is used to search operations in routers, firewalls, network address translators, and entire content in a single clock cycle. It is a special kind of memory which is used in highly reliable network applications. These systems require high reliability since a single error may interrupt any computation which may cause total system failure. However, TCAM is facing serious reliability challenges due to soft errors. The probability of soft errors in TCAM is increasing progressively due to alpha-particle, cosmic rays, high-vitality particles, and ionizing impacts of barometrical neutron. In order to minimize the risks of soft errors in TCAM, a new idea is proposed in this paper where the search key is constructed in a tricky way and the contents of the TCAM are ordered in a sequential pattern. The proposed method provides soft error tolerance with a low data overhead. Experimental study shows how the proposed method outperforms the existing method to tolerate soft error.

关键词： Soft errors Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) Memory reliability Error correction code Don't care bits Telecommunications Access Method search key Error correction codes clock cycle Web address network applications system failures Routers

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Tailoring the Acidity of Liquid Media with Ionizing Radiation - Rethinking the Acid-Base Correlation Beyond pH

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Fritsch, Birk Körner, Andreas Couasnon, Thaïs Blukis, Roberts Taherkhani, Mehran Benning, Liane G. Jank, Michael P.M. Spiecker, Erdmann Hutzler, Andreas Cauerstraße 6 Erlangen91058 Germany Cauerstraße 3 Erlangen91058 Germany Cauerstraße 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Immerwahrstraße 2a Erlangen91058 Germany Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg Potsdam14473 Germany Telegrafenberg Potsdam14473 Germany Department of Earth Sciences Free University of Berlin Berlin12249 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystraße 10 Erlangen91058 Germany

Advanced in situ techniques based on electrons and X-rays are increasingly used to gain insights into fundamental materials dynamics in liquid media. Yet, ionizing radiation changes the solution chemistry. In this work, we show that ionizing radiation decouples the acidity from autoprotolysis. Consequently, pH is insufficient to capture the acidity of water-based systems under irradiation. Via radiolysis simulations, we provide a more conclusive description of the acid-base interplay. Finally, we demonstrate that acidity can be tailored by adjusting the dose rate and adding pH-irrelevant species. This opens up a huge parameter landscape for studies involving ionizing radiation. © 2022, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ionizing radiation

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A robot control platform for motor impaired people

A robot control platform for motor impaired people

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Matthias Will Tobias Peter Magnus Hanses Norbert Elkmann Georg Rose Hermann Hinrichs Christoph Reichert Institute for Medical Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Research Campus STIMULATE Magdeburg Germany Robotic Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF Magdeburg Germany Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology University Medical Center Magdeburg Germany Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Research Campus STIMULATE Magdeburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728185262

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185279

Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) open new opportunities to control robotic devices as they provide the feasibility to translate brain signals into commands. Severely motor impaired people who have lost muscle control could benefit from this technique to control assistive devices, which support them in daily life. However, non-invasive BMIs can distinguish only a few different commands with relatively high error rates, which makes the asynchronous control of a robot with multiple degrees of freedom challenging. Here, we introduce a novel robotic grasping system, which combines scene recognition techniques and autonomous path planning with user interaction instantiated by a hybrid control system based on the electroencephalogram and the electrooculogram. The results show that healthy subjects can reliably perform a grasp-and-place task, arranging four objects at defined positions within 133-331s (193.6 ±61.5s), while they require only a few corrections. Our robot control platform proved to work solely with electrophysiological control signals and thus, constitutes a basis to perform various robot actions initiated by motor-impaired people.

关键词： Robot control Grasping Muscles Brain-computer interfaces Path planning Reliability Task analysis

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Stochastic noise can be helpful for variational quantum algorithms

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Junyu Wilde, Frederik Mele, Antonio Anna Jiang, Liang Eisert, Jens Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Chicago Quantum Exchange ChicagoIL60637 United States Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States qBraid Co. ChicagoIL60615 United States Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Berlin14109 Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin10587 Germany

Saddle points constitute a crucial challenge for first-order gradient descent algorithms. In notions of classical machine learning, they are avoided for example by means of stochastic gradient descent methods. In this work, we provide evidence that the saddle points problem can be naturally avoided in variational quantum algorithms by exploiting the presence of stochasticity. We prove convergence guarantees and present practical examples in numerical simulations and on quantum hardware. We argue that the natural stochasticity of variational algorithms can be beneficial for avoiding strict saddle points, i.e., those saddle points with at least one negative Hessian eigenvalue. This insight that some levels of shot noise could help is expected to add a new perspective to notions of near-term variational quantum algorithms. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Shot noise

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Component-Based Shgc Determination of Bipv Glazing for Product Comparison

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Wilson, Helen Rose Kuhn, Tilmann E. Ishii, Hisashi Valencia-Caballero, Daniel Chivelet, Nuria Martin Peng, Jinqing Yang, Rebecca Jing Zang, Yukun Ge, Hua Ye, Kai Jonsson, Jacob C. Kapsis, Konstantinos Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstr. 2 Freiburg79110 Germany LIXIL Corporation LIXIL Housing Technology Technology Research Institute Nakasato 3000 Chiba Noda Japan Paseo Mikeletegi 2 San Sebastián20009 Spain CIEMAT Photovoltaic Solar Energy Unit Avda. Complutense 40 Madrid28040 Spain College of Civil Engineering Hunan University Hunan Changsha410082 China RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W. MontrealH3G 1M8 Canada Windows and Daylighting Group LBNL 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 90R3111 BerkeleyCA94720-8134 United States University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West CPH 3666 WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) s are intrinsically designed to generate electricity and to provide at least one building-related function. When BIPV modules act as glazing products in windows, skylights or curtain walls, their ability to control the transmission of solar energy into the building must be characterised by a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) or g value (also known as Total Solar Energy Transmittance – TSET – or "solar factor"). For the comparison of BIPV glazing products consisting of one PV laminate and conventional glazing layers separated by gas-filled cavities, the procedures documented in international standards for architectural glazing (e.g. ISO 9050 and EN 410) form a suitable starting point. Easily implemented modifications to these procedures are proposed to take both optical inhomogeneity and extraction of electricity from BIPV glazing units into account. Geometrically complex glazing and shading devices, and light-scattering glazing layers, are outside the scope of the proposed methodology;SHGC determination for obliquely incident solar radiation is also excluded. For these cases, the experimental calorimetric approach documented in [ISO 19467:2017;ISO 19467-2:2021] is *** paper also presents results and conclusions from an implementation exercise and sensitivity study carried out by participants of the IEA-PVPS Task 15 on BIPV. The cell coverage ratio in the PV laminate, the thermal resistance offered by the glazing configuration, the choice of boundary conditions and the effect of extracting electricity were all identified as parameters which significantly affect the SHGC value determined for a given type of BIPV glazing. A practicable approach to accommodate the great variety of dimensions typical for BIPV glazing is also proposed. These findings should pave the way for modifying the existing component-based standards for architectural glazing to take the specific features of BIPV glazing into account. © 2024, The A

关键词： Extraction

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Publisher's Note: “Influence of structural properties on the ferroelectric behavior of hexagonal AlScN” [J. Appl. Phys. 132, 114101 (2022)]

引用

Journal of Applied Physics 2022年第16期132卷

作者： M. Yassine A. Nair J. Fammels E. Wade Z. Fu A. Yassine L. Kirste O. Ambacher 1Institute for Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH) Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 D-79110 Freiburg Germany 2Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics Tullastr. 72 D-79108 Freiburg Germany

This article was originally published online on 15 September 2022 with an error in Fig. 6. Figure 6 is correct as it appears below.

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