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31st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle engineering, LCE 2024

作者： Assadi, Anwar Al Götz, Thomas Gebhardt, Andreas Mannuß, Oliver Meese, Bernd Wanner, Johannes Singha, Soumya Halt, Lorenz Birke, Peter Sauer, Alexander Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Electrical Energy Storage Systems Institute for Photovoltaics University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany

The increasing market share of electric vehicles leads to a growing demand for raw materials such as lithium and cobalt, where the supply situation is fraught with risk. Product-specific challenges regarding high voltage, product state/variance, and labor shortage require flexible automated non-/ semi-/ destructive disassembly. However, there is a need to implement industrial, scalable automation approaches to deal with this problem. This paper addresses the development of a flexible robotic cell for the fully automated disassembly of battery modules from battery systems. The paper presents all required tools and processes for battery diagnoses, machine learning-based object recognition, loosening and removing fasteners, opening sealings, gripping components, separating cables and plugs, and removing the battery modules. Based on this, a sorted disposal/recycling of the material can be realized. Finally, the holistic robot cell, including a safety concept, is described using the example of an actual disassembly process. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Competition

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Lightweight Dual-Wavelength Bathymetric LiDAR for Accurate Seabed Mapping 3

Lightweight Dual-Wavelength Bathymetric LiDAR for Accurate S...

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Multimodal Sensing and Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications III 2023

作者： Gangelhoff, Jannis Werner, Christoph S. Reiterer, Alexander Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Freiburg Germany Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering - INATECH Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510664517

Mapping of small and shallow water bodies is still done primarily in a manual, labour-intensive process. The fraunhofer institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM developed and evaluated a new compact and lightweight airborne laser-scanning system targeted at topographic and bathymetric surveys which can greatly increase the efficiency and precision. The sensor weighs less than 4 kg and can therefore be operated on many commercially available drones without special permissions according to current regulations. This is a decisive aspect in achieving the necessary operational capability and economic efficiency of such a system. To optimally address the intended use case, our sensor simultaneously emits green and infrared light. This allows for precise separation of water surface and seabed and is especially beneficial for increasing precision in shallow water regions and accurately detecting the shoreline. For sophisticated data analysis, the system records and saves the full signal waveform using high-speed analog-to-digital converters. To ensure a safe operation and reduce the required safety measures, the system is designed as a class 2M laser product. This is achieved through expanding and collimating the outgoing laser beam to approximately 50 mm in diameter and therefore reducing the light intensity. A downward-facing palmer scanner deflects the beam in a near-elliptical shape at approximately 15◦ off nadir. The system has been tested and evaluated at a quarry lake in turbid water conditions. The result is a high-resolution ground model which demonstrates the benefits and feasibility of a compact bathymetric scanner and highlights the potential for further research in this field. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Bathymetry

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Evolving Roles in systems engineering —- Insights from Germany's Mechanical and Plant engineering Sector

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INCOSE International Symposium 2024年第1期34卷 1413-1428页

作者： Kaiser, Lydia Wilke, Daria Förster, Felix Köhler, Ingmarie Dumitrescu, Roman Technische Universität Berlin and Einstein Center Digital Future Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Research Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design IEM Paderborn Germany Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Smart Engineering and Machine Elements Hamburg Germany Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

systems engineering is developing differently in each sector and region. In German industry, especially in mechanical and plant engineering, systems engineering is of major importance. The introduction of systems engineering raises the question of which roles and competencies are required. This article examines the evolution of roles in systems engineering from a German perspective. Based on a literature review, the evolution of the identified systems engineering roles over time is shown, starting with the seminal publication by Sheard in 1996. It points out that only minimal adjustments and occasional role renaming have occurred. However, the review shows a common understanding of essential areas of responsibility within the SE and changes over time. The next step is to examine the current understanding of systems engineering roles in the industry. A quantitative analysis of job postings in Germany reveals a diverse interpretation of the term 'systems Engineer;more than half of the positions cannot be categorized according to the INCOSE definitions. The job postings are used to determine which tasks are associated with the job, how often they occur, and in what combination. The primary responsibilities of systems engineers include creating and managing requirements, architecture processes, validation, and verification processes, and coordinating with customers and stakeholders. Finally, three representative companies from the mechanical and plant engineering sector were selected to analyze existing roles and tasks. From this, a common understanding of tasks and responsibilities is combined and organized into clusters. These are used by the companies to locate and thus derive their roles. The result is in an integrative approach that enables companies, especially in the midsize and medium sectors, to design the introduction in line with stakeholder demands. In summary, the industry's ongoing adaptation necessitates the evolution of systems engineering roles and comp

关键词： systems engineering Roles German Industry Role Evolution Competencies Job postings Literature Review

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POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES 43

POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINA...

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43rd International Conference on Information systems: Digitization for the Next Generation, ICIS 2022

作者： Fabri, Lukas Beck, Sebastian Klos, Tim Wetzstein, Selina Kaymakci, Can Wenninger, Simon University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Branch Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT Augsburg Germany University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Augsburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP Stuttgart Germany Branch Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT Augsburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713893615

Artificial Intelligence (AI) made disruptive progress over the last years, becoming a key technology across industries. In particular, AI offers novel distinctive potentials for intelligent services in financial technology companies (financial technologies). However, given the potential of AI and its associated benefits, the question arises why financial technologies fail to leverage the full potential of AI. Drawing on existing literature, this paper elaborates on the potential and challenges associated with AI in the financial sector. This paper makes two key contributions: First, we discover the present challenges in literature to demonstrate the need for explainable AI. Second, we reveal the lack of guidance for applying explainable AI in financial technologies. We derive recommendations for research, policy, and practice and argue for the increased elaboration of legal frameworks for the responsible use of AI. © 2022 International Conference on Information systems, ICIS 2022: "Digitization for the Next Generation". All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Advanced Packaging Using Chiplets and Standardized Physical Interfaces 24

Advanced Packaging Using Chiplets and Standardized Physical ...

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24th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, EPTC 2022

作者： Hopsch, Fabian Ahmed, Maudood Heinig, Andy Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Iis Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Eas Dresden01187 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398854

Electronic control units (ECU) for automotive and robotics are seen as one emerging technology driver for the chiplet technology. Such a system consists of several building blocks with dedicated functionality. Based on this wide range of functionalities, such a system is especially appropriate for an optimized chiplet based system. Blocks will be implemented in dedicated technologies, like advanced FinFet nodes for computing power, RF nodes for radio-frequency parts and special technologies like GaN for power requirements. To establish a proper interaction between chiplets from different technologies and from different vendors, standardized interfaces are required. This paper will present an implementation of Bunch-of-Wires (BoW) interface in an advanced FinFet node. Together with a former development in a RF-node, both chiplets will be integrated in an advanced package to demonstrate interoperable communication. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Enabling industrial energy efficiency and flexibility with dynamic simulation-based optimization of manufacturing operations 31

Enabling industrial energy efficiency and flexibility with d...

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31st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle engineering, LCE 2024

作者： Breitschopf, Johannes Sobottka, Thomas Zabik, Gabriela Ansari, Fazel Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH Theresianumgasse 7 Wien1040 Austria TU Wien Institute of Management Science Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Vienna1040 Austria TU Wien Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics Getreidemarkt 9/BA Wien1060 Austria

In the face of substantial environmental impact, energy-intensive industries are compelled to deal with a spectrum of future energy scenarios, including the adoption of electrification and hydrogen use. In addition, these sectors are under pressure to enhance energy efficiency and adaptability to reduce costs. The integrated planning and control of production and energy system components is challenging due to the complexity and lack of available methods, though. This paper addresses this gap, by introducing a simulation-based method that optimizes production and energy system components. The planning method is based on a multicriteria meta-heuristic with an integrated simulation of production and energy system behavior. It evauates different future energy scenarios with electrification and hydrogen use including variable energy markets and storage systems. The method is applied and validated in a case study in an energy-intensive steel production. The results show the significant benefits of the dynamic planning and optimization for various variables in two different heat-treatment process technologies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Fabrication and characterization of Quantum Dot based LEDs with enhanced emission properties by micro cavities 28

Fabrication and characterization of Quantum Dot based LEDs w...

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Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXVIII 2024

作者： Langenickel, Jörn Rodríguez, Luis Paniagua Martin, Jörg Möbius, Martin Michaelis, Dirk Munzert, Peter Weiß, Alexander Danz, Norbert Technische Universität Chemnitz Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems Technologie-Campus 3 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 Jena07745 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510670723

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the performance of Quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by incorporating Bragg resonator substrates. By depositing QD-LED layer stacks on tailored Bragg resonator substrates, the emission spectrum of red-emitting QD-LEDs is narrowed to less than 20 nm, and the emission pattern becomes more directional. Additionally, the modulation characteristics of QD-LEDs on Bragg-substrates are investigated. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve the usability of QD-LEDs in displays, lighting, and sensing applications. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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Securing Temperature Measurements: An Assessment of Sensors' Vulnerability to IEMI

Securing Temperature Measurements: An Assessment of Sensors'...

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2023 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC Europe, EMC Europe 2023

作者： Lavau, Louis Cesbron Suhrke, Michael Knott, Peter Fraunhofer Institute for Technological Trend Analysis INT Electromagnetic Effects and Threats Euskirchen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques FHR Wachtberg Germany Institute of High Frequency Technology RWTH Chair of Radar Systems Engineering Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324006

Temperature measurements are vital to the reliable and accurate functioning of critical systems and embedded systems. However, these measurements can be compromised by Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI). This study investigates the vulnerability of five different types of temperature sensors to IEMI, using continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed signals. The results demonstrate that the sensors' vulnerability to CW signals is dependent on frequency and field strength, with certain frequencies causing significant errors. The vulnerability of the sensors appears to be influenced by the sensing technology and the geometry. The study also identifies a correlation between the electromagnetic field generated and the indicated temperature of the sensors. Furthermore, the study evaluates the vulnerability of the sensors to pulsed signals, identifying parameters that cause more errors than others and some patterns are identified. These findings highlight the importance of considering the potential impact of IEMI signals on temperature measurements in critical systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Embedded systems

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A Lightweight Laser Scanner for UAV-Based Applications 13

A Lightweight Laser Scanner for UAV-Based Applications

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Optical Measurement systems for Industrial Inspection XIII 2023

作者： Gangelhoff, Jannis von Olshausen, Philipp Frey, Simon Reiterer, Alexander Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Freiburg79110 Germany Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg79110 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510664463

ISBN: (纸本)9781510664456

Laser scanners are widely used for the 3D-measurement of large-scale infrastructure objects. For objects like bridges or special tunnels unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are well suited mobile platforms for inspection. Laser scanners used in these scenarios must be lightweight and low in power consumption to maximize flight time. A laser scanner optimized for UAV-based applications was developed by the fraunhofer institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM. The system is based on the pulsed time-of-flight measurement technique. A 1550 nm pulse laser featuring a repetition rate of 1 MHz for high point density is used as a light source. The short pulse length of less than 1 ns allows for a precise detection of the reflected signal in the time domain. Beam deflection is done with a rotating 45° mirror as in typical profile scanners. To optimize for detection aperture and weight, a custom mirror was designed. A lightweight scanning motor with a maximum rotation frequency of 120 Hz was chosen. An optical deflection path was developed that allows for a full 360° scan without any shading. The housing is made from aluminium and carbon fibre to reduce weight. The prototype of the laser scanner has a total weight of 2.1 kg and a power consumption of less than 100 W. The laser scanner is eye-safe (laser class 1) which is especially important for UAV-based applications. Test measurements in an indoor facility show a measurement uncertainty (one standard deviation) of approximately 3 mm on a surface at 10 m distance. The system was also mounted on a drone for flights in a tunnel which resulted in dense point clouds with high precision confirming the laboratory tests. Regarding the measurement uncertainty there is still a large potential for improvement by optimizing the full waveform analysis. First tests indicate that a reduction of the uncertainty by one order of magnitude may be possible. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Antennas

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Distributed Frequency Divider-based Model Predictive Control for Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power systems 14

Distributed Frequency Divider-based Model Predictive Control...

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14th IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids, SmartGridComm 2023

作者： Heins, Tobias Chanfreut, Paula Gurumurthy, Sriram Karthik Srivastava, Priyank Monti, Antonello Annaswamy, Anuradha M. Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Netherlands Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge United States Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems Rwth Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Fit Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665455541

The increasing number of distributed generation in the power system raises the need for fast and scalable distributed control algorithms. This paper proposes a distributed model predictive control for secondary frequency control that models the dynamics within a grid area in detail while considering the dynamics of other areas through a system equivalent. Consistency of the control solution is ensured by the distributed optimization algorithm. The controller adapts to changing system conditions through the measurement of the equivalent system impedance at the boundary bus. A measurement using a wideband-frequency impedance device followed by complex-curve fitting is used to extract the transfer function of the grid impedance. Furthermore, only aggregated information from other grid areas is required by the algorithm, reducing vulnerability and increasing the privacy of each area. The performance of the distributed model predictive controller is verified through numerical simulations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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