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International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz systems (IWMTS)

作者： Y. Zhao J. Weidenmueller G. vom Bögel A. Grabmaier A. Alhaj Abbas K. Solbach A. Jiménez-Sáez M. Schüßler R. Jakoby Transponder Systems and Applications Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (IMS) Duisburg Germany Institute of Digital Signal Processing Duisburg-Essen University Duisburg Germany Institute for Microwave Engineering and Photonics Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany

In this paper, a 2D Luneburg lens is proposed to improve the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of dielectric resonator (DR) tags, which would be used for an indoor localization system at THz frequencies where the low RCS of the tag makes the detection against clutter signals difficult. A Luneburg lens made of PTFE is fabricated using milling technique based on metamaterial concept, and characterized using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Three ceramic resonators with different resonance frequencies are placed at different positions in the lens focal area to test the performance of the lens. To prove the concept, the simulation and measurement have been performed at scaled frequencies in the 4.5-7 GHz range. The RCS improvement is found to depend on the lens dimensions and frequencies of operation. A Luneburg lens with a height of 35 mm and a diameter of 66 mm boosts the RCS by 18 dB at 6.2 GHz.

关键词： Lenses Permittivity Metamaterials Resonant frequency Refractive index Antenna measurements Dielectrics

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Nanofabricated and integrated colour centres in silicon carbide with high-coherence spin-optical properties

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Babin, Charles Stohr, Rainer Morioka, Naoya Linkewitz, Tobias Steidl, Timo Wornle, Raphael Liu, Di Hesselmeier, Erik Vorobyov, Vadim Denisenko, Andrej Hentschel, Mario Gobert, Christian Berwian, Patrick Astakhov, Georgy V. Knolle, Wolfgang Majety, Sridhar Saha, Pranta Radulaski, Marina Tien Son, Nguyen Ul-Hassan, Jawad Kaiser, Florian Wrachtrup, Jorg 3rd Institute of Physics IQST University of Stuttgart Research Centre SCoPE Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Kyoto Uji611-0011 Japan 4th Institute of Physics IQST Research Centre SCoPE University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystr. 10 Erlangen91058 Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Dresden01328 Germany Leipzig04318 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California DavisCA95616 United States Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linkoping University LinkopingSE-58183 Sweden

Optically addressable spin defects in silicon carbide (SiC) are an emerging platform for quantum information processing. Lending themselves to modern semiconductor nanofabrication, they promise scalable high-efficiency spin-photon interfaces. We demonstrate here nanoscale fabrication of silicon vacancy centres (VSi) in 4H-SiC without deterioration of their intrinsic spin-optical properties. In particular, we show nearly transform limited photon emission and record spin coherence times for single defects generated via ion implantation and in triangular cross section waveguides. For the latter, we show further controlled operations on nearby nuclear spin qubits, which is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum information distribution based on cavity quantum electrodynamics. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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OS02-03 Using a systems biology approach to construct adverse outcome pathway networks aligned with the FAIR principles

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Toxicology Letters 2024年 399卷 S58-S58页

作者： L. Ladeira A. Mazein M. Ostaszewski A. Verhoeven E. Kuchovská J. Sanz-Serrano A. Drees K. Reiche K. Sewald E. Fritsche M. Vinken L. Geris B. Staumont University of Liège GIGA Molecular & Computational Biology Liège Belgium University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine Belvaux Luxembourg ELIXIR Luxembourg Belvaux Luxembourg Vrije Universiteit Brussel IVTD research group Brussels Belgium IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Dusseldorf Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology Department of Diagnostics Leipzig Germany Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI) Dresden/Leipzig Germany University Hospital University of Leipzig Institute of Clinical Immunology Medical Faculty Leipzig Germany DNTOX Dusseldorf Germany Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Basel Switzerland KU Leuven Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center Leuven Belgium KU Leuven Biomechanics Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Leuven Belgium

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Three-dimensional imaging of microstructural evolution in SEM-based nano-CT

Tomography of Materials and Structures

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Tomography of Materials and Structures 2023年 2卷

作者： Jonas Fell Christoph Pauly Michael Maisl Simon Zabler Frank Mücklich Hans-Georg Herrmann Lightweight Systems Saarland University Campus E3 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany Functional Materials Saarland University Campus D3 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing IZFP Campus E3 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT Josef-Martin-Weg 63 97074 Würzburg Germany Material Engineering Center Saarland MECS Campus D3 3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful and versatile technique for materials characterization and present in many laboratories. The integration of an X-ray target holder and detector allows expanding the modalities of SEM by X-ray imaging. These little hardware adaptations enable radiography or X-ray computed tomography (CT) to gain three-dimensional (3D) information about a sample to be investigated. Since SEM-based CT is a non-destructive technique, the method can also image time-dependent changes in microstructure. Presented is the ability of SEM-based nano-CT to image the microstructural evolution of an aluminum-germanium (AlGe32) alloy as a result of annealing. First, the non-destructive CT method is used for an overview scan to identify a hidden region of interest (ROI) in the sample volume at low resolution. The following FIB target preparation reveals the microstructure, which is stepwise annealed and investigated with SEM-based nano-CT at high resolution afterwards. The resulting reconstructed volumes gained from the laboratory-based system are visualized in 3D and show the morphology changes of microstructure. Quantitative analysis reveals grain coarsening and the formation of precipitations in the size of 300–1000 nm. These time-dependent processes are additionally correlated with hardness measurements of the Al alloy.

关键词： SEM-based nano-CT X-ray tomography Microstructural evolution Al alloy Correlative microscopy X-ray imaging

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Template-driven analog layout generators for improved technology independence 16

Template-driven analog layout generators for improved techno...

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16. GMM/ITG-Fachtagung ANALOG 2018: Meet Your CAD Guy / Meet Your Designer - 16th GMM/ITG Symposium ANALOG 2018: Meet Your CAD Guy/Meet Your Designer

作者： Prautsch, Benjamin Hatnik, Uwe Eichler, Uwe Lienig, Jens Fraunhofer IIS/EAS Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Dresden Germany Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800747542

Analog generators, especially those used for automatic layout creation, are powerful tools to support the still largely manual analog design flow. The effort for generator development, however, is often found to be a bottleneck. Further, verification of generators is usually based on many cycles of generation, each requiring subsequent verification. This is often expensive in terms of computation effort. Up-to-date generators only allow to detect failures using post-layout checks such as DRC and LVS because they describe the designer’s intent implicitly as a sequence of (layout manipulation) commands which cannot be verified directly. Also, sequential code often prevents the description of interdependent layout structures or forces the programmer to include extra code, which can again cause errors. In order to overcome these issues, we introduce a new approach to implement layout generators. In a first step, the layout is described as an abstract template. A second automatic step checks this template for structural errors and schedules the required procedural commands. As the result, layout generators are more compact, easy-to-read, and errors can be detected by formal checks of the template description. The new approach was applied to two technology nodes, 180 nm and 22 nm. © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach

关键词： Errors

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Extending the Automation Pyramid for Industrial Demand Response

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 81卷 998-1003页

作者： Marc-Fabian Körner Dennis Bauer Robert Keller Martin Rösch Andreas Schlereth Peter Simon Thomas Bauernhansl Gilbert Fridgen Gunther Reinhart FIM Research Center University of Bayreuth Wittelsbacherring 10 Bayreuth Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production EEP University of Stuttgart Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Project Group Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT Wittelsbacherring 10 Bayreuth Germany Fraunhofer Research Institution for Casting Composite and Processing Technology IGCV Beim Glaspalast 5 86153 Augsburg Germany

Industrial demand response uses a multitude of energy flexibility measures. Their planning and control requires various production IT systems. A widely accepted approach to classify these inhouse IT systems are the levels of the automation pyramid in companies. This paper broadens the scope of this concept to overcome the limitation to companies’ (virtual) borders by including required IT systems that refine and monetarize a company’s energy flexibility, e.g. energy markets, aggregators, etc. Therefore, a holistic approach for the classification of functionalities for industrial demand response across companies and energy markets is developed and applied exemplarily.

关键词： Energy Automation System Architecture Automation Pyramid Demand Response

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An investigation of the parasitic impedance on the DC-Link capacitor of EV drive inverters 10

An investigation of the parasitic impedance on the DC-Link c...

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10th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics systems, CIPS 2018

作者： Piepenbreier, Stefan Käß, Albert März, Martin Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Erlangen Germany Chair of Electrical Engineering University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Nurnberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800745401

The DC-link capacitor is a key component in electric vehicle drive systems. Main dimensioning criteria are the DC-link voltage ripple, the DC-link capacitor current ripple and load dump scenarios. The voltage ripple and the current ripple of the DC-link also have an effect on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the system and on the power losses of the capacitor. Both are affected by the impedance of the overall drive system. This paper shows the influences of the drive system’s parasitic impedances on the required DC-link capacitance through a variation of single key parameters. The overall impedance characteristics are analysed and the resonance frequencies are calculated. The effect of the change of impedance on the DC-link voltage ripple and capacitor current ripple is illustrated using a building block system for different car models. Furthermore a calculation method of the voltage ripple based on impedance characteristics is introduced. This underlines the importance of the impedance analysis which allows an accurate dimensioning of the DC-link to save costs, design space and weight. © 2018 VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.

关键词： Electric inverters

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Behavioral model for a high-speed 2:1 analog multiplexer 61

Behavioral model for a high-speed 2:1 analog multiplexer

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61st IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems, MWSCAS 2018

作者： Schmidt, Christian Zielonka, Patrick Jungnickel, Volker Freund, Ronald Berroth, Manfred Photonic Networks and Systems Fraunhofer Heinrich- Hertz-Institute Berlin Germany Institute of Telecommunication Systems Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute of Computer Engineering and Microelectronics Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673928

A novel concept for digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has been introduced recently, to overcome their bandwidth limitations by combining the outputs of multiple DACs with an analog multiplexer (AMUX). In this paper, a behavioral model for a high-speed 2:1-AMUX is introduced, which significantly reduces the simulation time for a 2:1-AMUX-DAC system. The behavioral model is implemented in Matlab and fitted with simulation data from an electronic design automation tool for a high-speed 2:1-AMUX integrated circuit with a normalized mean square error © 2018 IEEE

关键词： Digital to analog conversion

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Design of a Medium Voltage Generator and Power Converter for High Power Wind Energy Conversion systems

Design of a Medium Voltage Generator and Power Converter for...

引用

International Universities Power engineering Conference (UPEC)

作者： Steffen Jonas Lengsfeld Sebastian Jung Marco Ponick Bernd Herranz Gracia Mercedes Spagnolo Aristide Schleicher Klaus Schäfer Klaus Department Converters and Drive Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Kassel Germany Institute of Technology Resource and Energy-Efficient Engineering Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Sankt Augustin Germany Institute for Drive Systems and Power Electronics Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany Corporate Technology Siemens AG Erlangen Germany Industries and Drives Siemens AG Nürnberg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728110783

ISBN: (纸本)9781728110790

In this paper a new topology of a gearless, segmented synchronous generator and power converter system is presented to address medium output voltage in wind power applications. To fulfill the boundary condition, the generator has a high pole count and a stator divided into several 3-phase segments with their own rectifier. With the resulting DC-cascade (series connection of the rectifiers) it is possible to achieve a medium output voltage with low voltage converters and without a bulky transformer. This new topology of the DC-cascade reduces the effort to achieve medium DC voltage in wind turbines and simplifies the converter system.

关键词： Generators Insulation Conductors Wind turbines Current density Medium voltage Copper

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Revealing fundamentals of charge extraction in photovoltaic devices through potentiostatic photoluminescence imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wagner, Lukas Schygulla, Patrick Herterich, Jan Philipp Elshamy, Mohamed Bogachuk, Dmitry Zouhair, Salma Mastroianni, Simone Würfel, Uli Liu, Yuhang Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. Grätzel, Michael Hinsch, Andreas Glunz, Stefan W. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg79110 Germany Laboratory for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion University of Freiburg Emmy-Noether-Straße 2 Freiburg79110 Germany Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 Freiburg79104 Germany Abdelmalek Essaadi University FSTT Thin Films & Nanomaterials Lab Tangier90000 Morocco Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland

The photocurrent density-voltage (J(V)) curve is the fundamental characteristic to assess optoelectronic devices, in particular solar cells. However, it only yields information on the performance integrated over the entire active device area. Here, a method to determine a spatially resolved photocurrent image by voltage-dependent photoluminescence microscopy is derived from basic principles. The opportunities and limitations of the approach are studied by the investigation of III-V and perovskite solar cells. This approach allows the real-time assessment of the microscopically resolved local J(V) curve, the steady-state Jsc, as well as transient effects. In addition, the measurement contains information on local charge extraction and interfacial recombination. This facilitates the identification of regions of non-ideal charge extraction in the solar cells and enables to link these to the processing conditions. The proposed technique highlights that, combined with potentiostatic measurements, luminescence microscopy turns out to be a powerful tool for the assessment of performance losses and the improvement of solar cells. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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