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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Template-Driven Analog Layout Generators for Improved Technology Independence

Template-Driven Analog Layout Generators for Improved Techno...

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ANALOG 2018;16th GMM/ITG-Symposium

作者： Benjamin Prautsch Uwe Hatnik Uwe Eichler Jens Lienig Fraunhofer IIS/EAS Institute for Integrated Circuits Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems Dresden University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9783800747542

Analog generators, especially those used for automatic layout creation, are powerful tools to support the still largely manual analog design flow. The effort for generator development, however, is often found to be a bottleneck. Further, verification of generators is usually based on many cycles of generation, each requiring subsequent verification. This is often expensive in terms of computation effort. Up-to-date generators only allow to detect failures using post-layout checks such as DRC and LVS because they describe the designer's intent implicitly as a sequence of (layout manipulation) commands which cannot be verified directly. Also, sequential code often prevents the description of interdependent layout structures or forces the programmer to include extra code, which can again cause errors. In order to overcome these issues, we introduce a new approach to implement layout generators. In a first step, the layout is described as an abstract template. A second automatic step checks this template for structural errors and schedules the required procedural commands. As the result, layout generators are more compact, easy-to-read, and errors can be detected by formal checks of the template description. The new approach was applied to two technology nodes, 180 nm and 22 nm.

关键词： layouts jigs(templates) dynamos Structural error Computer personnel

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Flights are ten a sail - Re-use and commonality in the design and system engineering of small spacecraft solar sail missions with modular hardware for responsive and adaptive exploration 70

Flights are ten a sail - Re-use and commonality in the desig...

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70th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2019

作者： Grundmann, Jan Thimo Bauer, Waldemar Boden, Ralf Ceriotti, Matteo Chand, Suditi Cordero, Federico Dachwald, Bernd Dumont, Etienne Grimm, Christian D. Heiligers, Jeannette Hercík, David Hérique, Alain Ho, Tra-Mi Jahnke, Rico Kofman, Wlodek Lange, Caroline Lichtenheldt, Roy McInnes, Colin Meß, Jan-Gerd Mikschl, Tobias Mikulz, Eugen Montenegro, Sergio Moore, Iain Pelivan, Ivanka Peloni, Alessandro Plettemeier, Dirk Quantius, Dominik Reershemius, Siebo Renger, Thomas Riemann, Johannes Rogez, Yves Ruffer, Michael Sasaki, Kaname Schmitz, Nicole Seboldt, Wolfgang Seefeldt, Patric Spietz, Peter Spröwitz, Tom Sznajder, Maciej Tóth, Norbert Vergaaij, Merel Viavattene, Giulia Wejmo, Elisabet Wiedemann, Carsten Wolff, Friederike Ziach, Christian DLR German Aerospace Center Institute of Space Systems Robert-Hooke-Str. 7 Bremen28359 Germany Consultants to DLR Institute of Space Systems University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Telespazio-VEGA Darmstadt Germany Faculty of Aerospace Engineering FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Hohenstaufenallee 6 Aachen52064 Germany Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics Technical University Braunschweig Germany Université Grenoble Alpes CS 40700 Grenoble Cédex 938058 France DLR German Aerospace Center Robotics and Mechatronics Center Weßling82234 Germany Informatik 8 Universität Würzburg Am Hubland Würzburg97074 Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Dresden University of Technology RF Engineering Dresden Germany DLR German Aerospace Center Institute of Planetary Research Rutherfordstr. 2 Berlin12489 Germany DLR German Aerospace Center Institute of System Dynamics and Control Wessling82234 Germany Space Research Centre PAS Warsaw Poland TU Delft Delft Netherlands Institute of Space Systems Technische Universität Braunschweig Hermann-Blenk-Str. 23 Braunschweig38108 Germany

The exploration of small solar system bodies started with fast fly-bys of opportunity on the sidelines of missions to the planets. The tiny new worlds seen turned out to be so intriguing and different from all else (and each other) that dedicated sample-return and in-situ analysis missions were developed and launched. Through these, highly efficient low-thrust propulsion expanded from commercial use into mainstream and flagship science missions, there in combination with gravity assists propulsion. In parallel, the growth of small spacecraft solutions accelerated in numbers as well as individual spacecraft capabilities. The on-going missions OSIRIS-REX (NASA) or HAYABUSA2 (JAXA) with its landers MINERVA-II and MASCOT, and the upcoming NEASCOUT mission are examples of this synergy of trends. The continuation of these and other related devlopments towards a propellant-less and highly efficient class of spacecraft for solar system exploration emerges in the form of small spacecraft solar sails designed for carefree handling and equipped with carried landers and application modules. These address the needs of all asteroid user communities - planetary science, planetary defence, and in-situ resource utilization - as well as other fields of solar system science and applications such as space weather warning and solar observations. Already the DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER Roadmap for Solar Sailing initiated studies of missions uniquely feasible with solar sails such as Displaced L1 (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring and Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) delivery, which demonstrate the capabilities of near-term solar sails to reach any kind of orbit in the inner solar system. This enables Multiple Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) rendezvous missions (MNR), from Earth-coorbital to extremely inclined and even retrograde target orbits. For these mission types using separable payloads, design concepts can be derived from the separable Boom Sail Deployment Units characteristic of DLR GOS

关键词： Solar sails

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The Networked Neighborhood

The Networked Neighborhood

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2018 IEEE International Conference on engineering, Technology and Innovation, ICE/ITMC 2018

作者： Renyi, Madeleine Gundogdu, Ramazan Kunze, Christophe Gaugisch, Petra Teuteberg, Frank Furtwangen University HFU Technology and Inclusion Lab Furtwangen Germany IAO Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering Stuttgart Germany Department of Accounting and Information Systems University Osnabrück UOS School of Business Administration and Economics Osnabrück Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614693

Social community is a basic need of human life. Exchange, networking and cooperation are the driving forces for innovation and are at the same time essential for the accomplishment of everyday life. Since the foundation of Facebook in 2004, (digital) networking has been redefined and constantly reinvented. Research and science endeavor to describe the phenomena, to analyze them scientifically and to make the benefits of digital networking accessible to all. In that context this article presents first results of the evaluation of a quarter related networking platform. Objectives of the evaluation are the derivation of criteria for the implementation of neighborhood apps as well as the gain in knowledge about content satisfaction and the user-friendliness of the neighborhood app used in the project. First results show that there is a cross-generational interest in digital networking and that tools for neighborhood work and district communication make the use of a neighborhood platform attractive. Nevertheless, there is a certain inhibition to the usage due to the fear to do something wrong, additional work and the low added value in the initial phase due to low numbers of users. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： User centered design

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Impacts of Additive Manufacturing in Value Creation System

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 72卷 1518-1523页

作者： W. Kritzinger A. Steinwender S. Lumetzberger W. Sihn Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) – Institute of Management Science Division of Industrial and Systems Engineering Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH – Production and Logistics Management

Nowadays, additive manufacturing (AM) reveal changes in the entire value creation models, strategies, systems and processes. Evidently, AM involve changes internal and external to companies e.g. on time to market strategies, product variety and customer satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of additive manufacturing on companies value creation, in which the focus is on single areas. To this end, we identify the relations between the utilized potentials and challenges, value creation processes and associated impacts. Analyzing this complex correlation and measuring the effects is demonstrated and identified, respectively, in a use-case study.

关键词： Value creation system systematic identification additive manufacturing technology potentials technology impact

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An HMM-based averaging approach for creating mean motion data from a full-body Motion Capture system to support the development of a biomechanical model: Sensor-assisted functionalization of furniture in the hospital and care sector

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Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2018年第1期4卷 1-5页

作者： Kitzig, Andreas Demmer, Julia Bolten, Tobias Naroska, Edwin Stockmanns, Gudrun Viga, Reinhard Grabmaier, Anton Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ambient Intelligence Laboratory Reinarzstr. 49 Krefeld 47805 Germany University of Duisburg Essen Department of Electronic Components and Circuits Bismarkstr. 81 Duisburg 47057 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (IMS) Finkenstraße 61 Duisburg 47057 Germany

Motion capture systems or MoCap systems are used for game development and in the field of sports for the assessment and digitalization of human movement. Furthermore, MoCap systems are also used in the medical and therapeutic field for the analysis of human movement patterns. As examples gait analysis or examination of the musculoskeletal system and its function should be mentioned. Most application relate to a specific person and their movement or to the comparison of movements of different people. Within the scope of this paper an averaged motion sequence is supposed to be generated from MoCap data in order to be able to use it in the field of biomechanical modeling and simulation. For the averaging of individual movement sequences of different persons a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based approach is presented. © 2018 author name(s).

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Photonic Crystal THz High-Q Resonator for Chipless Wireless Identification

Photonic Crystal THz High-Q Resonator for Chipless Wireless ...

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International Workshop on Mobile Terahertz systems (IWMTS)

作者： Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez Martin Schüßler Rolf Jakoby Christopher Krause Frederic Meyer Gerd Vom Bögel Institute of Microwave Engineering and Photonics Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Duisburg Germany

In this paper, the considerations and simulations made for the design and characterization of a high-Q resonator for wireless identification at 90 GHz are presented with the perspective to extend them to the low THz range. The designed resonator in high-resistive silicon has a quality factor of 700 and different simulation methods close to real measurement scenarios are shown to demonstrate the potential of the presented topology for the generation of identifications that can be wirelessly read in the low THz frequency range.

关键词： Photonic crystals Resonant frequency Dielectrics Rectangular waveguides Wireless communication Q-factor

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Bacterial identification by optical mapping of genomic DNA in nanofluidic channels 23

Bacterial identification by optical mapping of genomic DNA i...

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23rd International Conference on Miniaturized systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2019

作者： Nyblom, My Müller, Vilhelm Johnning, Anna Wrande, Marie Dvirnas, Albertas Sriram, K.K. Giske, Christian G. Ambjörnsson, Tobias Sandegren, Linus Kristiansson, Erik Westerlund, Fredrik Chalmers University of Technology Department of Biology and Biological Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Department of Mathematical Sciences Gothenburg Sweden Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre Systems and Data Analysis Gothenburg Sweden University of Gothenburg Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research CARe Gothenburg Sweden Uppsala University Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala Sweden Lund University Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics Lund Sweden Karolinska Institute Department of Laboratory Medicine Stockholm Sweden Karolinska University Hospital Department of Clinical Microbiology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419000

A variety of pathogenic bacteria can infect humans and the increase in bacteria resistant to common antibiotics is a large threat to human health worldwide. This work presents a method, based on optical DNA mapping (ODM) in nanofluidic channels, that can detect the type of bacterial present in a sample by matching the obtained maps of large DNA molecules to a database of fully assembled bacterial genomes. The extraction and labelling protocol has been designed to work for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, not requiring any prior knowledge about the sample content. © 2019 CBMS-0001.

关键词： Nanofluidics

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The launch of BMC Materials

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BMC Materials 2019年第1期1卷 1-5页

作者： Harriet E. Manning Pedro Barquinha Rodrigo Martins Wenguo Cui Drew Evans Emmanuel Kymakis Haiyan Wang Ehrenfried Zschech Springer Nature 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK Department of Materials Science Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion Crete Greece School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Dresden Germany

BMC Materials is a new, community-focussed venue for all publishable research across the broad discipline of materials science. It joins the mature and reputable BMC Series of journals, adhering to the same standards ...

BMC Materials is a new, community-focussed venue for all publishable research across the broad discipline of materials science. It joins the mature and reputable BMC Series of journals, adhering to the same standards of publishing and the ethos of open research set by the Series. Together with its sister journals BMC Chemical engineering, BMC Biomedical engineering, BMC Energy and BMC Chemistry, BMC Materials furthers the BMC Series’ expansion into the physical sciences and engineering.

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Evaluation of an Integral Injection Molded Housing for High Power Density Synchronous Machines with Concentrated Single-Tooth Winding

Evaluation of an Integral Injection Molded Housing for High ...

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International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC)

作者： Andreas Langheck Steffen Reuter Oleg Saburow Robert Maertens Florian Wittemann Lars Fredrik Berg Martin Doppelbauer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Germany New Drive Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology - ICT Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728101491;9781728101484

The implementation of electric drivetrains into passenger vehicles is one of the promising ways for the automotive industry to reduce CO 2 fleet emissions. The most important aim for the current developments is to increase range and performance while assuring affordability for the customer. In the field of electric motor development for traction applications, great efforts are necessary in order to improve electrical machines in terms of efficiency, power density and costs. The optimization of each individual field is a subject of research. Typically, there is a conflict of interest in simultaneously optimizing efficiency, power density and costs. This work presents a new approach to optimize the three fields for electric traction motors. The new approach combines an efficient direct cooling concept with the possibility of using lightweight polymer composites for the electric motor housing. The cooling concept increases the efficiency in a wide range of operation while enabling a high maximum continuous power output from the motor. To estimate the potential of the used cooling topology, the winding is optimized for using stator slot cooling. The electric motor is thermally simulated to verify the concept. These findings are used to design the cooling channels. Finally, a molded prototype stator is built and the newly designed concept was validated in a component test setup. The direct cooling with its short thermal path between the area of heat generation to the cooling system, enables the use of thermally insulating thermosetting composite materials for the electric motor housing. In this work the feasibility and potential of manufacturing the stator housing of an electric motor in an injection molding process is investigated. The design freedom of this manufacturing process enables complex and extensive functional integration such as the direct incorporation of the cooling channels in the stator slots, the phase connectors and the coolant supply.

关键词： Cooling Stator windings Windings Copper Connectors Filling

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