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A survey on sustainability approaches in manufacturing

Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 101-106页

作者： Bastian Prell Heiner Reinhardt Anton Mauersberger Alexander Rauscher Jörg Reiff-Stephan Steffen Ihlenfeldt Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Awareness about climate change has led to policies and regulations but also customer preferences favoring sustainable production. Thus, producing businesses are confronted by this, as they consume a large share of resources. Therefore, when producing, additional dimensions beyond commercial feasibility ought to be considered. Here, literature on sustainability from the field of engineering science is systematically searched and analyzed for approaches leading to actual recommendations for action. Hence, this bottom-up approach, incorporating the production engineers’ point of view, represents an inside view of how the topic of sustainability has arrived at production companies. The focus on commercial feasibility ensures high relevance to practice, as production needs to become both sustainable and competitive. Even though exemplary collections of different approaches addressing the topic of sustainability in production can be found in literature, novelty is provided by the structured manner literature was collected and the special focus on approaches leading to practice-relevant recommendations for action. Thus, a comprehensive overview of approaches applicable to the manufacturing domain is presented.

关键词： Eco-design methodology Economics Environment(al) Innovation management Manufacturing Production Sustainable development

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Filling the semantics gap in industrial communication: Middleware+ for an internet of production 17th

Filling the semantics gap in industrial communication: Middl...

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17th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2021

作者： Kiesel, Raphael Weiss, Arno Schmitt, Robert H. WZL RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

To enable interoperable communication between enterprise software and industrial assets, the Internet of Production reference model suggests a single platform for routing and data access. This Middleware+ must not only act as a central message broker but also meet the challenge of incompatible data models. However, its exact capabilities remain blurred. We first compile relevant technologies and standards to integrate. Definition of requirements and a software architecture proposal follow. Considering the heterogeneous degree of connectivity within producing companies, we then sketch the path to implementation based on maturity levels. The result is a distributed information system architecture ensuring the rigorous use of semantic information models throughout the entire lifecycle of a product. © 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

关键词： Interoperability

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Dismantling and remanufacturing strategies in the automotive sector

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 695-700页

作者： Rico Haase Daniele Farioli Rene Selbmann Markus Werner Verena Kräusel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany Politecnico di Milano Department of Mechanical Engineering 20156 Milan Italy

The contemporary recycling of automobiles takes place on a very baseline material level. In order to fundamentally improve the ecologic footprint of the vehicle, a wider application of remanufacturing strategies is intended. Following different recycling approaches ranging from direct reuse or refurbishment through remanufacturing until repurpose, a well-aimed dismantling followed by manufacturing processes adapted to the post-consumer components is mandatorily required. For use on an industrial scale, environmental efficiency and economic viability must be balanced well. Within the paper, possible remanufacturing technologies and necessary prerequisites such as input data are discussed. For the design of remanufacturing operations, material properties and geometric information are a crucial starting point. Seamless integration of the specific properties is intended to encourage wider utilization of pre-used components and materials. With reference to the well-established process design for metal forming operations, adapted material cards and curvature equivalence values are proposed. The approach is illustrated by a reforming operation, where a brake disc cover is remanufactured from a used car body roof.

关键词： circular economy automotive recycling dismantling remanufacturing secondary raw material pre-used components

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Micro-texture dependent temperature distribution of CVD diamond thick film cutting tools during turning of Ti-6Al-4V 6th

Micro-texture dependent temperature distribution of CVD diam...

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6th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2022

作者： Uhlmann, E. Schröter, D. Gärtner, E. Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute For Production Systems And Design Technology Ipk Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute For Machine Tools And Forming Technology Iwu Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Machining titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V results in a high thermomechanical load on cutting tools and consequently short tool lifes. With respect to a necessary reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures, ultrashort pulse (USP) laser fabricated micro-textured rake faces offer direct supply of cooling lubricant into the cutting zone and lead to a reduced heat induction. As a result, micro-textured CVD diamond thick film cutting tools are also capable of machining high-performance materials due to reduced contact temperatures. In the scope of the research, the resulting temperature distribution for micro-textured rake faces will be compared under both dry and wet process conditions. Measurements show a reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures of ΔÏ't = 27.9 % using micro-textured cutting tools compared to non-textured cutting tools. A validated simulation provides valuable information about the contact temperatures enabling a specific development of the micro-texture geometry. As a result, a reduction of the contact temperature between chip and rake face by ΔÏ'T = 24.7 % was possible. © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Turning

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Identifying efficiency and flexibility measures for energy-oriented factory management

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 105卷 302-307页

作者： Marc Münnich David Rein Heiner Reinhardt Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Recent efforts in climate politics increase the ecological pressure of manufacturing companies in terms of intelligent and efficient usage of resources during operations. Rising energy prices lead to further economic pressure. Especially companies with a high share of energy cost on total costs are forced to continuously improve processes regarding the energy usage. Existing guidelines and methodologies are usually concerned with either of the two dimensions energy efficiency (EnEff), or energy flexibility (EnFlex). While EnEff addresses the reduction of the energy consumption for a defined manufacturing output, EnFlex addresses the advantageous shift, increase, and decrease of energy demand. Although both dimensions address the total reduction of cost, they are usually considered separately in literature. Here, we examine both dimensions while focusing on the provision and usage of electric energy due to its manifold conversion and usability opportunities in factory processes. Therefore, we developed an overview of measures of both dimensions as well as their application characteristics within the factory. To identify EnEff and EnFlex measures, a practicable methodology is introduced. This aims to enable especially companies with few experiences in EnEff and EnFlex measure application to improve energy aware operations. We illustrate our examination by means of an industrial application example.

关键词： Energy Energy efficiency Flexibility Factory

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Replicative Production of Multifunctional Microfluidic Polymer Films for Biomedical Disposables

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 207-212页

作者： Eric Gärtner Frederic Schell Lukas Nitschke Richard Chukwudi Okafor Christoph Zwahr Claudia Hackl Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Science IWS Winterbergstr. 28 01277 Dresden Germany Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering IOM Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany

Increasing demands on the reproducibility and accuracy of lab-on-a-chip systems in the life science sector require new tools for the molding of polymer films with spatially selectively functionalized surfaces. By applying local micro- and nanostructuring to the molding tools, the aim is to achieve multifunctionality of the polymer films, by setting certain wetting properties. This means that fluid-affecting properties (hydrophobic, hydrophilic) should be possible. To functionalize polymer films, the replication tools were specifically microstructured using laser-based surface functionalization. The periodic micro- and nanostructures were produced with the help of nanosecond pulsed and picosecond pulsed laser systems using Direct Laser Interference Patterning. For this purpose, complex functional microstructures in the range of 0.1 µm to 100 µm were developed based on a bionic approach. The functional properties were transferred in a one-step replicative process using UV-imprinting and were subsequently verified by determining the wetting behavior of the molded microfluidic films and the corresponding laser microstructured replication tools. This publication presents the successfully developed processes and the promising results of this series of experiments.

关键词： laser microstructuring surface functionalization lab-on-a-chip DLIP UV-imprinting

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Definition and Description of Matrix Production Systems

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 130卷 1875-1880页

作者： Daniel Ranke Michael Trierweiler Patricia Berkhan Marc Münnich Thomas Bauernhansl Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Industrial Manufacturing and Management IFF Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

The industry’s use of adaptable production systems, such as matrix production, is increasing. However, these systems vary in their specific details. The lack of a unified definition, delimitation, and description hinders comparability and the transfer of lessons learned between different systems. This paper aims to propose a comprehensive definition of matrix production and differentiation between different implementation forms. To achieve this, the paper first examines existing approaches to define and describe production systems and their manifestations. Various frameworks and models have been proposed in the literature, but they often focus on specific aspects of production systems, neglecting the complexity of matrix production. The paper identifies common elements and challenges in defining and describing production systems by analyzing these approaches. A second investigation analyzes various existing descriptions of matrix production from the scientific literature. While some definitions focus on the organizational structure, others emphasize operational aspects. By synthesizing these definitions, the paper proposes a comprehensive definition of matrix production encompassing both dimensions. Furthermore, the paper includes cases of industrial implementations as a third investigation. These cases provide insights into the practical application of matrix production systems across different industries. The paper identifies common characteristics, challenges, and benefits associated with matrix production by analyzing these implementation examples. Finally, all three investigations are combined to create a unified definition and a complementary descriptive model. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach to define and describe matrix production systems. It allows for a better understanding and comparison of different implementations, facilitates the transfer of lessons learned, and promotes the exchange of best practices. This framework will enable r

关键词： Matrix Production Framework Definition

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causalgraph: A PYTHON PACKAGE FOR MODELING, PERSISTING AND VISUALIZING CAUSAL GRAPHS EMBEDDED IN KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pieper, D. Sven Mehling, D. Carl Willy Hirsch, Dominik Lüke, D. Tobias Ihlenfeldt, D. Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

This paper describes a novel Python package, named causalgraph, for modeling and saving causal graphs embedded in knowledge graphs. The package has been designed to provide an interface between causal disciplines such as causal discovery and causal inference. With this package, users can create and save causal graphs and export the generated graphs for use in other graph-based packages. The main advantage of the proposed package is its ability to facilitate the linking of additional information and metadata to causal structures. In addition, the package offers a variety of functions for graph modeling and plotting, such as editing, adding, and deleting nodes and edges. It is also compatible with widely used graph data science libraries such as NetworkX and Tigramite and incorporates a specially developed causalgraph ontology in the background. This paper provides an overview of the package’s main features, functionality, and usage examples, enabling the reader to use the package effectively in practice. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Python

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Enhanced No-Code Finger-Gesture-Based Robot Programming: Simultaneous Path and Contour Awareness for Orientation Estimation

Enhanced No-Code Finger-Gesture-Based Robot Programming: Sim...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Jayanto Halim Paul Eichler Sebastian Krusche Mohamad Bdiwi Steffen Ihlenfeldt Group Collaborative Robot Systems Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany Departement of Production System and Factory Automation Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

The programming of industrial robots necessitates specialized expertise and significant time and effort, particularly for small batch sizes. However, with the increasing demand for agility in production, the solutions used for robot programming have evolved significantly. Intuitive robot programming systems based on diverse concepts have been introduced to facilitate rapid deployment of robot systems. One such approved concept is no-code robot programming with finger-based gesture. In this concept, non-expert users draw a robot path via finger movement, which is subsequently translated into robot programming language to facilitate the corresponding movement. A significant challenge associated with this method is the valid replication of the corresponding robot Tool Center Point (TCP) orientation. Reachability issues, non-compliant hand contortions, and sensor occlusions make it difficult to directly derive the robot’s TCP orientation from the finger’s orientation. This work presents two novel approaches for estimating robot orientation using numerical analysis and point cloud information for finger-based robot programming without requiring prior knowledge. The first approach utilizes numerical analysis to estimate the relative robot orientation based on the geometry of the trajectory. In contrast, the second approach uses point-cloud to derive the robot orientation based on the object contour. Input shaping algorithms are employed and evaluated to reduce the divergence in the orientation estimations. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach utilizing a low-cost camera as a cost-efficient alternative to existing no-code programming strategies, potentially accelerating the real-world deployment of robotic applications in industrial environments.

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Hem flange bonding: a challenging joining process in automotive body construction 1

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International Congress on Vehicles of Tomorrow, 2019

作者： Jesche, Fred Menzel, Sandra Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783658297015

ISBN: (纸本)9783658297008

Hem flange bonding is widely used in the automotive body shop, especially in the manufacturing of hang-on parts such as doors, hoods and tailgates. By combining the hemming and adhesive bonding processes, components can be joined by material fit and form fit. In this way, new properties are integrated into the assembly, such as higher load-bearing capacity and improved resistance to corrosion. However, both processes also influence each other in the joining pro cess and in the further production process chain, which makes the hem flange bonding process really challenging. The paper gives an overview of the state of the art. For this purpose, based on the structure of the bonded hem flange, the requirements and criteria for quality evaluation are described. The common hemming technologies and adhesive ap plication methods as well as the industrial process chain, in which the hemming operation takes place, are presented. Essential correlations between component/process parameters and the quality in the hem flange bonded joint are discussed. fraunhofer iwu has been researching various aspects of hemming and hem flange bonding for many years and supports the industry in the analysis of assemblies and processes. Our aim is to systematically increase the quality and appearance of hem flange bonded assemblies and the robustness of hem flange bonding processes. Two current examples from research practice will provide a brief insight: Hemming adhesive dimensioning: Adhesive application plays a decisive, quality-defining role in the hemming process. At every point of the circumferential hem seam of an assembly, the adhesive quantity and adhesive position have to match the existing geometry precisely. The paper shows how the adhesive dimensioning can be carried out. Current test results on the effect of glass beads in the adhesive layer to ensure a defined adhesive layer thickness are also discussed. Hem testing: A testing device was developed at fraunhofer iwu to carry out qu

关键词： Joining

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