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2021 24th ISPRS Congress Commission II: Imaging Today, Foreseeing Tomorrow

作者： Gehrung, Joachim Hebel, Marcus Arens, Michael Stilla, Uwe Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Ettlingen76275 Germany Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Technische Universitaet Muenchen Muenchen80333 Germany

Path planning for a measuring vehicle requires solving two popular problems from computer science, namely the search for the optimal tour and the search for the optimal viewpoint. Combining both problems results in a new variation of the Traveling Salesman Problem, which we refer to as the Explorational Traveling Salesman Problem. The solution to this problem is the optimal tour with a minimum of observations. In this paper, we formulate the basic problem, discuss it in context of the existing literature and present an iterative solution algorithm. We demonstrate how the method can be applied directly to LiDAR data using an occupancy grid. The ability of our algorithm to generate suitably efficient tours is verified based on two synthetic benchmark datasets, utilizing a ground truth determined by an exhaustive search. © 2021 International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives. All rights reserved.

关键词： Traveling salesman problem

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Experimental Separation Estimation of Incoherent Optical Sources Reaching the Cramér-Rao Bound

Experimental Separation Estimation of Incoherent Optical Sou...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Clémentine Rouvière David Barral Antonin Grateau Giacomo Sorelli Ilya Karuseichyk Mattia Walschaers Nicolas Treps Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ENS-Université PSL CNRS Sorbonne Université Paris France Fraunhofer IOSB Ettlingen Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

Resolving light sources below the diffraction limit is a fundamental task both for astronomy and microscopy. Several recent works analysed this problem through the lens of quantum parameter estimation theory and proved that the separation between two point sources can be estimated at the quantum limit using intensity measurements after spatial-mode demultiplexing. We implement this technique and provide an optimal estimator based on a linear combination of demultiplexed intensity measurements [1]–[3]. Our experimental setup (see Fig. 1 (left)) allows for the generation of the images of two sources, with tunable mutual coherence, as well as for spatial mode demultiplexing to estimate their separation [4].

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes Demultiplexing Diffraction limit Laser sources Light sources Photon counting

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A Control Architecture for Robust and Resilient Circular Factories under Uncertain Conditions

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 1083-1088页

作者： F. Bail J. Baumgärtner F. Erlenbusch A. Ernst M. Poyer E. Blum Y. Shi R. Wolf R. Rayyes J. Pfrommer N. Stricker J. Fleischer G. Lanza wbk Institute of Production Science Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Aalen University of Applied Sciences Beethovenstraße 1 73565 Aalen Germany Institue for Material Handling and Logistics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Karlsruhe Germany

Resource depletion and environmental harm highlight the need for more sustainable manufacturing methods like circular manufacturing. Circular manufacturing methods such as remanufacturing introduce uncertainties that arise due to core variability, leading to the frequent occurrence of disruptions. Therefore, an automated control structure is needed that can maintain stable high performance in the face of such uncertainties and disruptions. We present a novel architecture that is designed to enhance the resilience and robustness of automated circular factories. To achieve this, we propose a two-level approach resembling a cascaded control system. The outer layer, the production system level, is designed to ensure resilience by maintaining overall factory operations during larger disruptions. In contrast, the inner layer, the station level, focuses on robustness, managing minor disturbances and failures at individual stations. We address the allocation of responsibilities between these two levels and the modeling of commands. Our approach considers a novel integration of production stations, inspection stations and an intelligent intralogistics system to allow for a flexible and adaptable automated production system. Our approach presents the first control architecture specifically designed to address the unique uncertainties and disruptions arising from core variability in circular manufacturing.

关键词： Circular Manufacturing Automated Control systems Production system Resilience Factory Robustness

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Transformer-based Fine-Grained Fungi Classification in an Open-Set Scenario

Transformer-based Fine-Grained Fungi Classification in an Op...

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2022 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2022

作者： Wolf, Stefan Beyerer, Jürgen Vision and Fusion Lab Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT c/o Technologiefabrik Haid-und-Neu-Str. 7 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Fraunhofer IOSB Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Fraunhoferstrasse 1 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning Germany

Fine-grained fungi classification describes the task of estimating the species of a fungus. The FungiCLEF 2022 challenge started a competition for the best solution to solve this task in an open-set scenario. For our solution, we employ a modern transformer-based classification architecture, use a class-balanced training scheme to handle the class-imbalance and apply heavy data augmentation. We approach the open-set scenario by using the final confidence scores as an indicator for unknown species. With this classification model, we were able to achieve an F1 score of 80.6 and 77.5 on the challenge’s public and private test set, respectively. This resulted in achieving the 7th place in the FungiCLEF 2022 challenge. We provide code at https://***/wolfstefan/fungi-classification. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Fungi

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Development of an Optical Test Bed for the Fabrication and Characterisation of an Analog Holographic Wavefront Sensor

Development of an Optical Test Bed for the Fabrication and C...

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Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, FiO, LS 203: Part of Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023

作者： Branigan, Emma Zepp, Andreas Martin, Suzanne Sheehan, Matthew Gladysz, Szymon Murphy, Kevin Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics School of Physics Clinical and Optometric Sciences TU Dublin DublinD07 ADY7 Ireland FOCAS Research Institute TU Dublin 13 Camden Row DublinD08 CKP1 Ireland Fraunhofer IOSB Ettlingen Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Gutleuthausstr. 1 Ettlingen76275 Germany

A new holographic recording setup has been developed for the fabrication of single- and multi-mode photopolymer-based analog holographic wavefront sensors. A second setup has been built and used to characterise the se... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171296

关键词： Adaptive optics Free space optics Liquid crystal on silicon Optical testing Spatial light modulators Spherical aberration

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Sensitivity enhanced roll-angle sensor by means of a quarter-waveplate

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Technisches Messen 2021年第S1期88卷 S48-S52页

作者： Chen, Chia-Wei Hartrumpf, Matthias Längle, Thomas Beyerer, Jürgen Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Germany

Attitude metrology (roll, pitch, and yaw) plays an important role in many different fields. Roll angle is considered the most difficult measurement quantity in angular displacements compared to pitch and yaw angles because the rotation axis of the roll angle is parallel to the probe beam. In this work, a sensitivity enhanced roll-angle sensor is presented. The principle is based on the polarization change of a sensing unit (quarter-waveplate). The polarization model is analyzed by Mueller matrix formalism. The Stokes parameters are detected by a Stokes polarimeter. The novel coaxial design improves the sensitivity and reduce the complexity of optical system alignment by means of a fixed quarter-waveplate. The proposed sensor provides a simple setup to measure roll angles with a high sensitivity of 0.006∘ and a long unambiguous measurement range of 180∘ © 2021 De Gruyter Oldenbourg. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical systems

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Fuzz Wars: The Voltage Awakens – Voltage-Guided Blackbox Fuzzing on FPGAs

Fuzz Wars: The Voltage Awakens – Voltage-Guided Blackbox Fu...

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VLSI Test Symposium

作者： Kai Su Mark Giraud Anne Borcherding Jonas Krautter Philipp Nenninger Mehdi Tahoori Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility Karlsruhe University of Applied Science (HKA) Karlsruhe Germany System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics Karlsruhe Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Computer Engineering Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350363784

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363791

The growing complexity and size of hardware designs necessitates novel, scalable approaches to verification, as latent bugs and security flaws have devastating impact. This is especially critical since bugs in hardware designs cannot be patched after manufacturing. Currently, dynamic verification is the predominant methodology for detecting hardware design flaws, where detection efficiency is primarily determined by the choice of (random) inputs to the design under test. More elaborate recent methods adapt principles from greybox software fuzzing to achieve high coverage in short time. However, these existing greybox methods rely on heavy instrumentation or software conversion, which requires access to the design source code. Fuzing of blackbox hardware designs has only been possible with random, undirected input generation up until now, which requires a long time to cover the majority of possible hardware states. In this work, we propose FUZZ-E, a novel scalable method for coverage-guided hardware design fuzzing, where coverage is indirectly estimated through on-chip voltage measurements on FPGAs. The side-channel-based FUZZ-E approach enables testing blackbox hardware designs without requiring access to any internal signals. We provide an extensive analysis of the correlation between hardware design coverage and voltage fluctuations, and show how FUZZ-E significantly reduces the verification time required to achieve desirable design coverage.

关键词： Voltage measurement Fluctuations Source coding Instruments Computer bugs Closed box Fuzzing

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Influence of Out-of-Distribution Examples on the Quality of Semantic Segmentation in Remote Sensing

Influence of Out-of-Distribution Examples on the Quality of ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Kevin Qiu Dimitri Bulatov Lina E. Budde Timo Kullmann Dorota Iwaszczuk Scene Analysis Division Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Ettlingen Germany Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences Remote Sensing and Image Analysis Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

Semantic segmentation for land cover maps follows the closed world assumption, where each pixel must be classified into a set of predefined classes. In order to fulfill this assumption, an additional class is usually introduced to describe all areas not covered by the main classes, called "clutter" or "other". Consequently, this class is extremely heterogeneous, and the classification is usually subpar. Using a common approach for uncertainty assessment of land cover classification, we analyze the influence of the clutter class being present or absent during training on the semantic segmentation. We assess the model uncertainties of two different deep learning models, U-Net and DeepLab V3+, and different training configurations by using a Monte-Carlo dropout based uncertainty metric. The corresponding uncertainty maps and histograms show a correlation between clutter class and the uncertainty metric.

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Sim2real Transfer Learning for Point Cloud Segmentation: An Industrial Application Case on Autonomous Disassembly

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Chengzhi Bi, Xuelei Pfrommer, Julius Cebulla, Alexander Mangold, Simon Beyerer, Jürgen Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Germany Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning Germany wbk Institute of Production Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

On robotics computer vision tasks, generating and annotating large amounts of data from real-world for the use of deep learning-based approaches is often difficult or even impossible. A common strategy for solving this problem is to apply simulation-to-reality (sim2real) approaches with the help of simulated scenes. While the majority of current robotics vision sim2real work focuses on image data, we present an industrial application case that uses sim2real transfer learning for point cloud data. We provide insights on how to generate and process synthetic point cloud data in order to achieve better performance when the learned model is transferred to real-world data. The issue of imbalanced learning is investigated using multiple strategies. A novel patch-based attention network is proposed additionally to tackle this problem. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Automated shop floor reconfiguration and process integration: towards product driven manufacturing systems

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 49-54页

作者： Marcel Albus Florian Duewel Katharina Barbu Jan Eric Huebner Christian Keilig Christian Gollee Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobelstraße 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Fraunhoferstraße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Straße 7a 01189 Dresden Germany

Flexible manufacturing systems are crucial in today’s rapidly evolving manufacturing landscape, characterized by supply chain disruptions, shorter product lifecycles, and diverse customer demands. Introducing new products necessitates extensive planning efforts, including price estimates, production cost evaluation and ensuring resilience. This paper presents a comprehensive approach through an integrated digital toolchain for reconfiguration planning in manufacturing companies, from production feasibility to shop floor execution. The solution leverages data space connectors to facilitate information exchange between customers and Modular Production (MP) environments. Key features include the STEP decomposition, resource capability matching, automated assembly line reconfiguration and balancing, as well as the automated integration and execution of manufacturing processes on the shop floor. This toolchain aims to enable automated data exchange, coordinated order planning, and efficient shop floor operations, allowing manufacturers to adapt to market changes while maintaining cost-effectiveness and resilience.

关键词： Shop Floor Reconfiguration Automated Process Execution Assembly Line Balancing

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