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25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2023

作者： Wagner, Boris Hoppe, Adrian H. van de Camp, Florian Maier, Sebastian Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Karlsruhe76131 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031360039

With the availability of quickly created and inexpensive 3D representations of the real world, it is important to investigate whether users can derive additional value from them, particularly when combined with the possibilities of Virtual Reality (VR) visualization. To evaluate possible benefits, a study was conducted which focused on the specific tasks of aerial image analysts and covered the use of 3D geodata in terrain assessment. The study compared the use of 3D geodata in VR with 2D displays, using a digital orthophoto with 20 cm resolution and digital terrain models from the ASTER system. The task for the user was to find a route with minimal gradient between a start and destination point while avoiding steep gradients. The base map used was a digital orthophoto in 20 cm resolution (DOP20). In 2D, the height information was conveyed by isohypses. In VR, the digital terrain model (DTM) from the ASTER system was used. The results of the evaluation showed that the actual task goal, the lowest maximum gradient, was best achieved in VR. However, the subjects needed considerably more time to complete the tasks in VR. In VR, the test persons were also more cautious, they planned the routes considerably longer, but as already mentioned, they achieved the objective better. Overall, the results of this study suggest that while VR may offer added value in terrain assessment, it may not be as efficient as 2D planning for those trained in map reading. However, for new users or those who are less familiar with the terrain, VR may offer a more intuitive and immersive experience, allowing them to better understand and interpret the data. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of using VR for terrain assessment and to identify the most appropriate use cases for this technology. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Improving Self-Supervised Segmentation of Urban Scenes using NDSM-Enhanced CRF 5

Improving Self-Supervised Segmentation of Urban Scenes using...

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Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing V 2024

作者： Qiu, Kevin Wagenbach, Lars Bulatov, Dimitri Iwaszczuk, Dorota Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Ettlingen76275 Germany Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510682696

ISBN: (纸本)9781510682689

Semantic segmentation of urban areas is crucial for many applications. Self-supervised networks require few or no labels for training, making them highly appealing approaches. One such network is STEGO1, which builds upon DINO2 and operates without any labeled data, yet effectively segments buildings, vegetation, and roads in the ISPRS Potsdam dataset3. The resulting segmentations are refined using Conditional Random Fields (CRF). In remote sensing, additional channels like the Normalized Digital Surface Model (NDSM) enhance the segmentation task, as pixels of the same class often exhibit similar elevation characteristics, especially when adjacent. Since the transformer-based DINO network is built for RGB data, we extend the CRF with NDSM information to overcome this limitation, introducing a second pairwise potential that encourages neighboring pixels with similar elevation to have the same label. For evaluation in both the linear and cluster probe, we employ Adjusted Mutual Information (AMI) and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) to assess the segmentation against the six classes of the Potsdam dataset, besides standard IoU and accuracy metrics. Enhancing the CRF with elevation information improves the mIoU by 0.83% over the RGB only baseline in the cluster probe, which constitutes a considerable improvement. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Rethinking Attention Module Design for Point Cloud Analysis 27th

Rethinking Attention Module Design for Point Cloud Analysis

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Wu, Chengzhi Wang, Kaige Zhong, Zeyun Fu, Hao Zheng, Junwei Zhang, Jiaming Pfrommer, Julius Beyerer, Jürgen Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031783944

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in applying attention mechanisms to point cloud analysis. However, attention module variants featured in various research papers often operate under diverse settings and tasks, incorporating potential training strategies. This heterogeneity poses challenges in establishing a fair comparison among these attention module variants. In this paper, we address this issue by rethinking and exploring attention module design within a consistent base framework and settings. Both global-based and local-based attention methods are studied, with a focus on the selection basis and scales of neighbors for local-based attention. Different combinations of aggregated local features and computation methods for attention scores are evaluated, ranging from the initial addition/concatenation-based approach to the widely adopted dot product-based method and the recently proposed vector attention technique. Various position encoding methods are also investigated. Our extensive experimental analysis reveals that there is no universally optimal design across diverse point cloud tasks. Instead, drawing from best practices, we propose tailored attention modules for specific tasks, leading to superior performance on point cloud classification and segmentation benchmarks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Attention mechanism Module design exploration. Point cloud data

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Applying Differential Privacy to Medical Questionnaires

Applying Differential Privacy to Medical Questionnaires

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events, PerCom Workshops 2023

作者： Appenzeller, Arno Terzer, Nick Philipp, Patrick Beyerer, Jurgen Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Iosb Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453813

Currently, the medical sector sees a lot of digitization efforts. Besides the already available and growing amount of data there is still a need to receive data from patients. A special form of data donation are medical questionnaires. They come with a fixed set of questions regarding medical conditions and can be performed regularly or once. Such data donations show promising potential for research but come with open questions regarding privacy. There are many examples that show that re-identification is even possible with anonymized data. To mitigate such risks privacy enhancing technologies like Differential Privacy (DP) can be used. This paper presents a procedure for privacy preserving questionnaires using an implementation of DP called RAPPOR. Through its Randomized Response mechanism RAPPOR is well suited to be used with questionnaires. To proof feasibility of this procedure various experiments are conducted that show that this approach can improve privacy while still retaining a good level of utility. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Privacy-preserving techniques

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DustNet++: Deep Learning-Based Visual Regression for Dust Density Estimation

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International Journal of Computer Vision 2025年第7期133卷 1-25页

作者： Michel, Andreas Weinmann, Martin Kuester, Jannick AlNasser, Faisal Gomez, Tomas Falvey, Mark Schmitz, Rainer Middelmann, Wolfgang Hinz, Stefan Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Ettlingen Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States Meteodata Santiago Chile

Detecting airborne dust in standard RGB images presents significant challenges. Nevertheless, the monitoring of airborne dust holds substantial potential benefits for climate protection, environmentally sustainable construction, scientific research, and various other fields. To develop an efficient and robust algorithm for airborne dust monitoring, several hurdles have to be addressed. Airborne dust can be opaque or translucent, exhibit considerable variation in density, and possess indistinct boundaries. Moreover, distinguishing dust from other atmospheric phenomena, such as fog or clouds, can be particularly challenging. To meet the demand for a high-performing and reliable method for monitoring airborne dust, we introduce DustNet++, a neural network designed for dust density estimation. DustNet++ leverages feature maps from multiple resolution scales and semantic levels through window and grid attention mechanisms to maintain a sparse, globally effective receptive field with linear complexity. To validate our approach, we benchmark the performance of DustNet++ against existing methods from the domains of crowd counting and monocular depth estimation using the Meteodata airborne dust dataset and the URDE binary dust segmentation dataset. Our findings demonstrate that DustNet++ surpasses comparative methodologies in terms of regression and localization capabilities. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Dust

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A multimode quantum optics approach to incoherent imaging

A multimode quantum optics approach to incoherent imaging

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London Imaging Meeting, LIM 2024

作者： Sorelli, Giacomo Fraunhofer IOSB Ettlingen Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Gutleuthausstr. 1 Ettlingen76275 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780892083671

Recent works employing tools from quantum optics and quantum metrology proposed a new passive imaging technique that allows to resolve details far below the diffraction limit. This technique is based on replacing standard spatially-resolved intensity measurements, e.g. at each pixel of a camera, with spatial-mode demultiplexing (SpaDe) measurements that allow to acquire information in a more efficient way. In this contribution, we want to provide an intuitive explanation of why such a SpaDe approach is so effective, and illustrate how we used these idea to discriminate one point source from two, and to estimate the separation between two incoherent sources. © 2024 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

关键词： Quantum optics

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Nonlinear Optical Materials for Sensor Protection against Pulsed Laser Radiation in the Visible Spectral Region 2

Nonlinear Optical Materials for Sensor Protection against Pu...

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Advanced Materials, Biomaterials, and Manufacturing technologies for Security and Defence II 2024

作者： Dengler, Stefanie Henrichsen, Michael Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Techhnologies and Image Exploitation Gutleuthausstr. 1 Ettlingen76275 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681187

The growing use of lasers increases the risk of accidental or intentional damage to human eyes and optical sensor systems. Current protection equipment is based on optical filters with fixed spectral transmission bands or shutter systems, but optical filters only work in predefined wavebands and shutter-systems are too slow to protect against pulsed laser radiation. Passive self-activated devices, in contrast, offer the potential for short response times with a simple design. Nonlinear optical materials with the capability to strongly attenuate intense laser beams are particularly interesting. In this work, we present our research on the protection capability of C60 and self-produced silver nanoparticles as functional materials in a real application case. A camera with CMOS sensor can be completely protected from being damaged up to a maximum measured input energy of 2 mJ. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that optical limiting materials can be suitable in laser protection applications. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles

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Area reconnaissance with heterogeneous groups of autonomous systems 8

Area reconnaissance with heterogeneous groups of autonomous ...

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Emerging Imaging and Sensing technologies for Security and Defence VIII 2023

作者： Tchouchenkov, I. Segor, F. Buller, A. Kollmann, M. Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Fraunhoferstr.1 Karlsruhe76133 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510667099

In the last years Unmanned Vehicles for different environments (UxVs) have been recognized as relevant game changers and key technologies for a wide range of military and civilian applications. Even parallel deployment of heterogeneous autonomous assets as swarms or cooperating teams is no longer science fiction, but a realistic operational scenario. Their effectiveness can be significantly increased by optimization of number, capabilities and application strategy of assigned assets, particularly in time-critical tasks (e.g. the search for missing persons, disaster relief and modern warfare operations). Especially, the movements of the vehicles must be carefully managed. However, the use of small UxVs is often accompanied by limitations like short mission time and limited sensor coverage, which in turn can be compensated by the intelligent assignment of vehicles with increased autonomy in cooperating groups. An important basis for efficient and effective autonomous reconnaissance, especially in swarming or teaming scenarios, is movement optimization considering the capabilities of the heterogeneous vehicles equipped with different sensor systems operating in a combined mission. For this purpose, algorithms have been developed at fraunhofer IOSB that enable appropriate planning and dynamic processing in very different situations for heterogeneous groups of cooperating vehicles. In the following, two exploration methods for reconnaissance missions are described in more detail and their possibilities are discussed and compared. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Drones

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Concept of an autonomous in-situ sensor system for monitoring object movements caused by sea swells

Concept of an autonomous in-situ sensor system for monitorin...

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OCEANS 2024 - Singapore, OCEANS 2024

作者： Wenrich, Michael Renkewitz, Helge Kosleck, Sascha University of Rostock Chair of Ocean Engineering Rostock Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB-AST Ilmenau Germany

The concept of an autonomous in-situ sensor system, Motion Probe, for monitoring wave induced motions of underwater objects is presented. This cost-effective system integrates a pressure sensor alongside inertial and optionally global positioning sensors to collect data on the seastate, as well as the movement, acceleration, and orientation of the designated test object. Energy-efficient features, wireless charging, and Wi-Fi data transmission enhance user-friendly operation. An innovative housing design is introduced to protect the sensor from external influences, ensuring its reliability in marine environments. The paper outlines the electronic implementation, energy management, and pressure housing design, emphasizing the Motion Probe's potential for various research applications. Testing phases include functional tests under controlled laboratory environments and long term sea trials, providing insights into wave inducted object dynamics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Pressure sensors

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Quantum Ghost Imaging for Remote Sensing

Quantum Ghost Imaging for Remote Sensing

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Optica Sensing Congress 2023, AIS, FTS, HISE, Sensors, ES 2023 - Part of Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2023

作者： Walter, Dominik Pitsch, Carsten Bürsing, Helge Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB Gutleuthausstr. 1 Ettlingen76275 Germany

An advanced setup for quantum ghost imaging that features asynchronous detection enables low-noise 3D imaging of distant objects. Recent experimental results show the potential of the setup to outperform classical sys... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171241

关键词： Remote sensing

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