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A Robust Scheduling Approach for a Single Machine to Optimize a Risk Measure

Procedia CIRP 2014年 19卷 148-153页

作者： Marcello Urgo József Váncza Manufacturing and Production Systems Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy Fraunhofer Project Center for Production Management and Informatics Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary Department of Manufacturing Science and Technology Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

Robustness in scheduling addresses the capability of devising schedules which are not sensitive – to a certain extent – to the disruptive effects of unexpected events. The paper presents a novel approach for protecting the quality of a schedule by taking into account the rare occurrence of very unfavourable events causing heavy losses. This calls for assessing the risk associated to the different scheduling decisions. In this paper we consider a stochastic scheduling problem with a set of jobs to be sequenced on a single machine. The release dates and processing times of the jobs are generally distributed independent random variables, while the due dates are deterministic. We present a branch-and-bound approach to minimize the Value-at-Risk of the distribution of the maximum lateness and demonstrate the viability of the approach through a series of computational experiments.

关键词： Robust Scheduling Risk Manufacturing-to-Order Production

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Terrain Classification for Track-driven Agricultural Robots

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Procedia Technology 2014年 15卷 775-782页

作者： Khairul Azmi Mahadhir Shing Chiang Tan Cheng Yee Low Roman Dumitrescu Adam Tan Mohd Amin Ahmed Jaffar Humanoid Robot and Bio-Sensing Center Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah AlamMalaysia Faculty of Information Science and Technology Multimedia University Malaysia Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Malaysia Fraunhofer Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design Zukunftsmeile 1 33102 PaderbornGermany

A long-term goal of agricultural automation is to deploy intelligentrobots to facilitate labor-intensive tasks such as crop care or selective harvesting with minimum human supervision. To achieve this goal, the agricultural robots must be able to adapt themselves in response to various terrain conditions. The reason is that the terrain characteristics can jeopardize the performance of a robotin carrying out a taskor even causing it being trapped in the field. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of using an intelligent algorithm, i.e. support vector machine (SVM) in recognizing various terrain conditions in an agricultural field. For this purpose, asmall tracked-driven mobile robot together witha terrain test bed has been developed. The terrain test bed emulates three types of terrain conditions, i.e. sand, gravel and vegetation. The tracked-driven robot is embedded with a low power MEMS accelerometer for measuring vibration signals resulted from the track-terrain interaction. An experimental study was conducted usinga SVMtrained with three different kernel functions, i.e. linear function, polynomial function and radial basis function (RBF) . The results showed that the SVM can recognize different terrain conditions effectively. This work contributes to devising a self-adaptive agricultural robot in coping with changing terrain conditions.

关键词： Support vector machine track-driven robot agricultural automation intelligent technical systems

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An exploratory study to investigate the impact of conceptualization in god class detection 13

An exploratory study to investigate the impact of conceptual...

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17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software engineering, EASE 2013

作者： Santos, José A.M. De Mendonça, Manoel G. Silva, Carlos V.A. Technology Department State University of Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and Systems Eng. Federal University of Bahia Bahia Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Bahia Bahia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318488

Context: The concept of code smells is widespread in software engineering. However, in spite of the many discussions and claims about them, there are few empirical studies to support or contest these ideas. In particular, the study of the human perception of what is a code smell and how to deal with it has been mostly neglected. Objective: To build empirical support to understand the effect of god classes, one of the most known code smells. In particular, this paper focuses on how conceptualization affects identification of god classes, i.e., how different people perceive the god class concept. Method: A controlled experiment that extends and builds upon another empirical study about how humans detect god classes [19]. Our study: i) deepens and details some of the research questions of the previous study, ii) introduces a new research question and, iii) when possible, compares the results of both studies. Result: Our findings show that participants have different personal criteria and preferences in choosing drivers to identify god classes. The agreement between participants is not high, which is in accordance with previous studies. Conclusion: This study contributes to expand the empirical data about the human perception of code smells. It also presents a new way to evaluate effort and distraction in experiments through the use of automatic logging of participant actions. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： software engineering

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A case study on effectively identifying technical debt 13

A case study on effectively identifying technical debt

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17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software engineering, EASE 2013

作者： Zazworka, Nico Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetro, Antonio Shull, Forrest Seaman, Carolyn Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States Graduate Program in Systems and Computer UNIFACS Salvador Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore United States Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318488

Context: The technical debt (TD) concept describes a tradeoff between short-term and long-term goals in software development. While it is highly useful as a metaphor, it has utility beyond the facilitation of discussion, to inspire a useful set of methods and tools that support the identification, measurement, monitoring, management, and payment of TD. Objective: This study focuses on the identification of TD. We evaluate human elicitation of TD and compare it to automated identification. Method: We asked a development team to identify TD items in artifacts from a software project on which they were working. We provided the participants with a TD template and a short questionnaire. In addition, we also collected the output of three tools to automatically identify TD and compared it to the results of human elicitation. Results: There is little overlap between the TD reported by different developers, so aggregation, rather than consensus, is an appropriate way to combine TD reported by multiple developers. The tools used are especially useful for identifying defect debt but cannot help in identifying many other types of debt, so involving humans in the identification process is necessary. Conclusion: We have conducted a case study that focuses on the practical identification of TD, one area that could be facilitated by tools and techniques. It contributes to the TD landscape, which depicts an understanding of relationships between different types of debt and how they are best discovered. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： software design

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19th biennial IPEG Meeting

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Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology 2016年第1期2卷 1-34页

作者： Igor Timofeev Leon Kenemans P. F. Fabene A. Ahnaou Sebastian Olbrich Robert Oostenveld Martijn Arns Nash Boutros Fernando Lopes da Silva Ole Jensen Sandra K. Loo Hans-Peter Landolt Jan Mathijs Schoffelen Alida A. Gouw Arjan Hillebrand Matteo Demuru Peterjan Ris Philip Scheltens Cornelis J. Stam Ida A. Nissen Ilse E. C. W. van Straaten Jaap C. Reijneveld Sonja Simpraga Ricardo Alvarez-Jimenez Huibert D. Mansvelder Joop M. A. van Gerven Geert Jan Groeneveld Simon-Shlomo Poil Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen Michel J. A. M. van Putten Marleen C. Tjepkema-Cloostermans Jeannette Hofmeijer Claudio Babiloni Antonio Ivano Triggiani Roberta Lizio Susanna Cordone Antonio Brunetti Giacomo Tattoli Vitoantonio Bevilacqua Andrea Soricelli Raffaele Ferri Flavio Nobili Loreto Gesualdo José Carlos Millán-Calenti Ana Buján Rosanna Tortelli Valentina Cardinali Orietta Barulli Antonio Giannini Pantaleo Spagnolo Silvia Armenise Grazia Buenza Gaetano Scianatico Giancarlo Logroscino Giovanni B. Frisoni Claudio Del Percio Joerg F. Hipp Robert Comley Darren Bentley Michael Derks Pilar Garces Frederic Knoflach Sian Lennon-Chrimes Stephane Nave Jana Noldeke Nick Seneca Gerhard Trube Christoph Wandel Andrew WThomas Maria-Clemancia Hernandez Berrie Gerrits Madelon A. Vollebregt Roy P. C. Kessels Donna Palmer Evian Gordon Tieme W. P. Janssen Dirk J. Heslenfeld Rosa van Mourik Katleen Geladé Athanasios Maras Jaap Oosterlaan Daniel Brandeis Christian Sander Ulrich Hegerl Nash N. Boutros Alexandra Kirsten Anna-Lena Dohrmann Galina Surova T. A. Iseger J. L. Kenemans M. Arns Marcel A. Pawlowski Marek Adamczyk Thorsten Mikoteit Axel Steiger Martien J. Kas Karlijn I. van Aerde Clementina M. van Rijn Marijtje L. A. Jongsma Philip L. C. van den Broek Jan van Egmond C. Walsh L. Raeymaekers R. Biermans N. V. Manyakov C. Wintmolders A. Bottelbergs K. Van Kolen D. Moechars J. A. Kemp W. H. Drinkenburg Nicola Marzano Susanna Lopez Giuseppe Noce Cristina Bagnoli Paolo Maria Rossini Flavio Mariano Nobili David Bartres Faz Olivier Blin Pierre Payoux Regis Bordet Bernh Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Université Laval Québec Canada Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ) Université Laval Québec Canada Experimental Psychology Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Department Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement School of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV Department of Neuroscience Discovery Janssen Research & Development Beerse Belgium Department for Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands NatMEG Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden euroCare group Munich Germany Research Institute Brainclinics Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Experimental Psychology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City USA Centre of Neuroscience Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles USA Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland Zürich Center for interdisciplinary Sleep Research University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland Donders Institute Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam & Department of Neurology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department Integrative Neurophysiology CNCR Neuroscie

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Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light on technical debt opinion

Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light o...

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2013 4th International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt, MTD 2013

作者： Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetrò, Antonio Zazworka, Nico Seaman, Carolyn Shull, Forrest Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Universidade Salvador UNIFACS Salvador BA Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore MD United States Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364430

We identified and organized a number of statements about technical debt (TD Folklore list) expressed by practitioners in online websites, blogs and published papers. We chose 14 statements and we evaluated them through two surveys (37 practitioners answered the questionnaires), ranking them by agreement and consensus. The statements most agreed with show that TD is an important factor in software project management and not simply another term for 'bad code'. This study will help the research community in identifying folklore that can be translated into research questions to be investigated, thus targeting attempts to provide a scientific basis for TD management. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

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SourceMiner Evolution: A Tool for Supporting Feature Evolution Comprehension

SourceMiner Evolution: A Tool for Supporting Feature Evoluti...

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International Conference on software Maintenance (ICSM)

作者： Renato L. Novais Camila Nunes Alessandro Garcia Manoel Mendonça Inf. Technol. Dept. Fed. Inst. of Bahia Santo Amaro Brazil Informatics Department-PUC-Rio Software Engineering Lab Rio de Janeiro Brazil Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ BR Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and Systems Engineering UFBA Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467352185

Program comprehension is an essential activity to perform software maintenance and evolution. Comprehensibility often encompasses the analysis of individual logical units, called features, which are often scattered through many program modules. Understanding how the feature code is implemented along the software evolution history is essential, for instance, to perform refactoring activities. However, existing tools do not provide means to comprehend the feature code evolution. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper presents a tool called Source Miner Evolution (SME) that provides multiple interactive and coordinated views to comprehend feature code evolution. SME implements a feature-sensitive comparison of multiple program versions. Our usability assessment with experienced developers indicated that SME allows them to efficiently perform recurring comprehension tasks on evolving feature code. The developers' performance was influenced by the combination of visual SME mechanisms, such as colors, tool tips and menu-popup interactions over the features' code elements.

关键词： Visualization Color software systems Feature extraction Couplings History

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Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light on technical debt opinion

Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light o...

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International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt (MTD)

作者： Rodrigo O. Spínola Antonio Vetrò Nico Zazworka Carolyn Seaman Forrest Shull Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS Salvador BA Brasil Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany Department of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore MD USA Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park USA

We identified and organized a number of statements about technical debt (TD Folklore list) expressed by practitioners in online websites, blogs and published papers. We chose 14 statements and we evaluated them through two surveys (37 practitioners answered the questionnaires), ranking them by agreement and consensus. The statements most agreed with show that TD is an important factor in software project management and not simply another term for “bad code”. This study will help the research community in identifying folklore that can be translated into research questions to be investigated, thus targeting attempts to provide a scientific basis for TD management.

关键词： software Blogs software engineering Webinars Training Maintenance engineering Communities

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Erratum to: Making sense of big data in health research: towards an EU action plan

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Genome medicine 2016年第1期8卷 118页

作者： Charles Auffray Rudi Balling Inês Barroso László Bencze Mikael Benson Jay Bergeron Enrique Bernal-Delgado Niklas Blomberg Christoph Bock Ana Conesa Susanna Del Signore Christophe Delogne Peter Devilee Alberto Di Meglio Marinus Eijkemans Paul Flicek Norbert Graf Vera Grimm Henk-Jan Guchelaar Yi-Ke Guo Ivo Glynne Gut Allan Hanbury Shahid Hanif Ralf-Dieter Hilgers Ángel Honrado D Rod Hose Jeanine Houwing-Duistermaat Tim Hubbard Sophie Helen Janacek Haralampos Karanikas Tim Kievits Manfred Kohler Andreas Kremer Jerry Lanfear Thomas Lengauer Edith Maes Theo Meert Werner Müller Dörthe Nickel Peter Oledzki Bertrand Pedersen Milan Petkovic Konstantinos Pliakos Magnus Rattray Josep Redón I Màs Reinhard Schneider Thierry Sengstag Xavier Serra-Picamal Wouter Spek Lea A I Vaas Okker van Batenburg Marc Vandelaer Peter Varnai Pablo Villoslada Juan Antonio Vizcaíno John Peter Mary Wubbe Gianluigi Zanetti European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75010 Paris France. cauffray@***. CIRI-UMR5308 CNRS-ENS-INSERM-UCBL Université de Lyon 50 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France. cauffray@***. Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine University of Luxembourg 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg. rudi.balling@uni.lu. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SA UK. Health Services Management Training Centre Faculty of Health and Public Services Semmelweis University Kútvölgyi út 2 1125 Budapest Hungary. Centre for Personalised Medicine Linköping University 581 85 Linköping Sweden. Translational & Bioinformatics Pfizer Inc. 300 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Institute for Health Sciences IACS - IIS Aragon San Juan Bosco 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain. ELIXIR Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SD UK. CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.2 1090 Vienna Austria. Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.2 1090 Vienna Austria. Max Planck Institute for Informatics Campus E1 4 66123 Saarbrücken Germany. Príncipe Felipe Research Center C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 46012 Valencia Spain. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) 2033 Mowry Road Gainesville FL 32610 USA. Bluecompanion Ltd 6 London Street (second floor) London W2 1HR UK. Technology Data & Analytics KPMG Luxembourg Société Coopérative 39 Avenue John F. Kennedy 1855 Luxembourg Luxembourg. Department of Human Genetics Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Centre Einthovenweg 20 2333 ZC Leiden The Netherlands. Information Technology Department European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) 385 Route de Meyrin 1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center

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Semi-automatic establishment and maintenance of valid traceability in automotive development processes

Semi-automatic establishment and maintenance of valid tracea...

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2nd International Workshop on software engineering for Embedded systems, SEES 2012

作者： Fockel, Markus Holtmann, Jörg Meyer, Jan Project Group Mechatronic Systems Design Fraunhofer IPT Paderborn Germany Software Engineering Group Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Hella KGaA Hueck and Co. Lippstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467318532

The functionality realized by software in modern cars is increasing and as a result the development artifacts of automotive systems are getting more complex. The existence of traceability along these artifacts is essential, since it allows to monitor the product development from the initial requirements to the final code. However, traceability is established and maintained mostly manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. A further crucial problem is the assurance of the validity of the trace links, that is, the linked elements are indeed related to each other. In this paper we present a semiautomatic approach to create, check, and update trace links between artifacts along an automotive development process. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Trace elements

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