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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pieper, D. Sven Mehling, D. Carl Willy Hirsch, Dominik Lüke, D. Tobias Ihlenfeldt, D. Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

This paper describes a novel Python package, named causalgraph, for modeling and saving causal graphs embedded in knowledge graphs. The package has been designed to provide an interface between causal disciplines such as causal discovery and causal inference. With this package, users can create and save causal graphs and export the generated graphs for use in other graph-based packages. The main advantage of the proposed package is its ability to facilitate the linking of additional information and metadata to causal structures. In addition, the package offers a variety of functions for graph modeling and plotting, such as editing, adding, and deleting nodes and edges. It is also compatible with widely used graph data science libraries such as NetworkX and Tigramite and incorporates a specially developed causalgraph ontology in the background. This paper provides an overview of the package’s main features, functionality, and usage examples, enabling the reader to use the package effectively in practice. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Python

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Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grinding and resulting influence on tooth flank topography and gear excitation 14

Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grind...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Böttger, Jonas Kimme, Simon Drossel, Welf-Guntram Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes IWP Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Besides harmonic meshing frequencies, excitation behavior of gears is highly affected by micro geometry of tooth surface caused by waviness on gear flank topography. Errors in finishing processes like continuous generating gear grinding are examined to demonstrate their impact on gear flank topography under consideration of characteristic waviness with a simulation model. Results of an experimental investigation on manufactured topography and measured transmission error show well correlation with the model. The pursued analysis of characteristic cutting volume in frequency domain of systematically considered process errors is a reasonable step towards the prediction of process conditions in the manufacturing process. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quantum Bayesian Networks

Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quan...

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2022 Informatik in den Naturwissenschaften, INFORMATIK 2022 - 2022 Computer Science in the Natural Sciences, INFORMATIK 2022

作者： Selch, Maximilian Müssig, Daniel Hänel, Albrecht Lässig, Jörg Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Department Digital Production Twin Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer IOSB Branch Advanced System Technologies IOSB-AST Cognitive Energy Systems Wilhelmsplatz 11 Görlitz02826 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797203

Digital representatives of physical assets and process steps play a decisive role in analysing properties and evaluating the quality of the process. So-called digital twins acquire all relevant planning and process data, which provide the basis, for example, to investigate path accuracies in manufacturing. Each single process step aims to perform an ideal machining after the specification of a target geometry. However, the practical implementation of a step usually shows deviations from the targeted shape. The machine-learning based method of probabilistic Bayesian networks enables the quality estimation of the holistic process chain as well as improvements by targeted considerations of single steps and influence factors. However, the handling of large-scale Bayesian networks requires a high computational effort, whereas the processing with quantum algorithms holds potential improvements in storage and performance. Based on the issue of path accuracy, this paper considers the modelling and influence estimation for a milling operation including experiments on superconducting quantum hardware. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting tools 17

Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting too...

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Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII 2023

作者： Baumann, Robert Bouraoui, Yasmine Teicher, Uwe Selbmann, Erik Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Lasagni, Andrés Fabián Institute for Manufacturing Technology Technische Universität Dresden George-Baehr-Str. 3c Dresden01069 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Winterbergstraße 28 Dresden01277 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659230

Nowadays, improving processes sustainability has become a major topic for many manufacturers in metal processing industries. Next to the challenging rise of costs of raw material and tools, innovative and hard to process materials enter the market. Here, surface functionalization of cutting tools is devised as a convenient approach for reducing energy consumption as well as material losses. In this work, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is used for manufacturing periodic line-like structures with spatial periods of 5.5 µm on tungsten carbide. The texturing is applied on rake-flank faces of the cutting inserts, leading to texture depths up to 1.75 µm by controlling the amount of used laser pulses. Moreover, turning experiments under lubricated conditions carried out on Al 6061 T6 parts with structured and untreated tools are performed to investigate the tribological performance. In result, the used DLIP-functionalized cutting tools could effectively decrease machining forces up to 12 %. This is caused by the corresponding improvement in frictional and improved lubrication behavior at the tool/chip interface. Furthermore, the laser-processed tools generate thinner chips, which leads to a decrease in surface roughness by 31 % of the aluminum work piece. This work thus offers insight into the viability of improving cutting tools by laser surface micro patterning for upcoming innovative materials designed for improving tool wear resistance, energy efficiency and surface quality. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Tungsten carbide

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Reaming of carbon fibre reinforced plastics: Influence of tool geometry on process forces and tool wear 14

Reaming of carbon fibre reinforced plastics: Influence of to...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Sauer, Konstantin Putz, Matthias Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Due to the high abrasive wear and the tendency to workpiece damages, the manufacturing of high-quality bores in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) is still one of the major goals in tool development. In this work, reaming tests are performed on CFRP in order to characterise the relationship between tool geometry, process forces and tool wear. After a preliminary investigation of a taper reamer, diverse carbide tools have been tested which exhibit different values of rake and clearance angle. The forces measurement took place using a rotating dynamometer, while the evaluation of the tool wear has been realised by microscopic images via structured light projection. Different forms of wear appear, while hardly any differences in the force curves can be detected when applying different angles of the cutting wedge. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics

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Improvement of cutting tools using laser-induced periodic surface structures for machining Aluminium alloy Al 6061 T6 17

Improvement of cutting tools using laser-induced periodic su...

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Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII 2023

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659230

Improving processes sustainability to address upcoming demands in metal processing industries such as innovative and hard to process materials has become a major topic for many manufacturers. Therefore, new tool material compositions or surface coatings are continuously developed. In this context, surface functionalization of cutting tools is foreseen as a convenient approach for minimizing material losses and thus energy consumption. In this work, laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are used for manufacturing quasi-periodic line-like patterns on tungsten carbide inserts. The textured tool surfaces show low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with spatial periods of 500 nm to 600 nm as well as high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) with a spatial period of ~100 nm. Furthermore, the texturing is applied on rake and flank faces of the cutting tools with different offsets to the edge between 0 and 0.2 mm. The wettability analysis reveals a decrease of static contact angles for the used cutting fluid (CIMSTAR) from 38° to 12°, suggesting an improved cooling process during the machining step. In addition, turning experiments under lubricated conditions are carried out on Al 6061 T6 parts to investigate the tribological performance. The used LIPSS-functionalized cutting tools could effectively decrease the main machining forces by 10 %, the feed force by 21 % and the passive force by 9 %. Furthermore, the laser-processed tools generate thinner chips, which leads to a decrease in surface roughness by 31 % of the aluminum work piece. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Turning

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Investigation of bio-based cooling lubricants for the machining of aircraft stainless steels

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 110卷 47-52页

作者： Erik Selbmann Marcus Preiẞ Anas Ben Achour Uwe Teicher Albrecht Hänel Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 01187 Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering 01062 Dresden Germany

Water-miscible cooling lubricants are used in approx. 90% of metalworking processes mainly for lubrication and cooling of the contact zone between tool and workpiece. The base oils of the widely used water-miscible emulsions are often of mineral origin and represent a significant share of the CO2-fingerprint in production systems in terms of their extraction, processing and the possibility of recycling. Cooling lubricants are furthermore negatively discussed regarding to their health compatibility. Those disadvantages of conventional cooling lubricants drive the research for replacing mineral base oils with vegetable base oils, which contribute to a safer work environment and greener production. In this work, both conventional cooling lubricants and several water-miscible emulsions with various edible and non-edible vegetable-based oils were prepared and characterized regarding their suitability as cooling lubricants for the milling of aircraft stainless steels. Comprehensive experimental investigations were carried out to determine the process forces and the resulting tool wear as technical performance indicators for the test evaluation.

关键词： Bio-based lubricants stainless steel milling process forces tool wear

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Force-controlled burnishing process for high surface integrity on additive manufactured parts

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 108卷 642-647页

作者： Martin Dix Marco Posdzich Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes (IWP) Reichenhainer Str. 70. 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU) Reichenhainer Str. 88. 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Additive manufactured components provide a new level of shape flexibility. However, this process has shortcomings in surface quality and dimensional accuracy. As a result post-processing is often necessary. In this paper, a combined finishing operation of machining shaping and force-controlled burnishing is used for prismatic form elements. Therefore, a corresponding control strategy was implemented for this on a CNC machine tool. The focus lies on the process characteristics between the pre-machined surface structures and the force-controlled machining and in the resulting surface properties. The aim of the work is the investigation and application of the process combination on additive manufactured metallic structural elements.

关键词： additive manufacturing force control surface modification finishing process combination

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Identification and classification of color textures 30

Identification and classification of color textures

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30th International Conference on Computer Graphics and machine Vision, GraphiCon 2020

作者： Mende, Mattias Wiener, Thomas Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany

This article describes, how color textures can be reliably detected and classified in the production process independent of external parameters such as brightness, object positions (translation), angulars (rotation), object distances (scaling) or curved surfaces (rotation + scaling). The methods described here are also suitable for reliably classifying at least 18 color textures even if they differ only slightly from each other optically. The online classification of color textures is a classic task in the wood, furniture and textile industry. For example, unwanted defects or partial soiling on moving webs can be reliably detected regardless of fluctuations in brightness and/or shadows during process operation. Algorithms has been developed for teach-in with RGB-HSI-transform, set fewer segments on the color textures of each class with e.g. 24x24 Pixel, use suitable transformations {HSI}, e.g. 2D-FFT for formation characteristic 2D spectral mountains in these segments, extraction of statistical features and setting up the individual classifiers. Algorithms has been developed for identification & classification in process operation with extraction of statistical characteristics and methods of robust classification. The implementation of the methods, the triggering of the color cameras, the processing of the color information including the output of the results to the process control is done with the data analysis program Xeidana®. © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Color

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Efficient data acquisition for traceability and analytics

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 122卷 73-78页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Mahtab Mahdaviasl Bastian Prell Anton Mauersberger Philipp Klimant Jörg Reiff-Stephan Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany

Implementing processes for traceability is required in various industries to assure product quality during manufacturing, provide evidence on required processing conditions or facilitate product recalls. Commonly, radio-frequency identification (RFID) or code recognition techniques (e.g. Data Matrix) are applied to track the flow of workpieces through a manufacturing system and link processing data accordingly. Although the analysis of tracking data is well-examined, we still see a gap in the research on the trade-off between data acquisition, data analytics and data quality. Here, we present a framework to increase the value of existing data by enabling data analytics while addressing common pitfalls and reducing the costs of data management.

关键词： Identification Knowledge management Manufacturing system Process control Quality assurance Sustainable development Decision making Complexity Analysis Design

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