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Mycelium-based-composites – Vision for substitution of fossil-based materials

Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 78-83页

作者： Steffen Ihlenfeldt Stefan Schillberg Christoph Herrmann Simon Vogel Robar Arafat Simon Harst Chair of Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls Insitute of Mechatronic Engineering TU Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a 01069 Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Str. 7a 01189 Dresden Germany Chair of Molecular Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME Forckenbeckstr. 6 52074 Aachen Germany Chair of Sustainable Manufacturing & Life Cycle Engineering Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology IWF Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19b 38106 Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Riedenkamp 2 38108 Braunschweig Germany

For decades, fossil-based materials have formed the basis of an almost endless range of technical products. Through variable chemical composition and several additives, especially plastics can have a wide range of properties, which form the basis for the diversity of plastic-based products. While this variability enables many sustainability strategies, such as lightweighting, it is also impeding a fully circular economy. Therefore, in recent years, a number of new raw materials have been developed, but they can only cover a very limited part of the wide range of properties of fossil-based plastics. Another promising class of materials are composites based on fungal mycelium. However, these are mainly limited to the consumer sector, e.g. vegan leather, where there is smaller demand for durability, functionality etc. The step from consumer to engineering materials require the production (or growth) process to be reproducible within the necessary quality requirements. Cyber-physical production systems have the potential to realise necessary technical qualities despite e.g. quality fluctuations of the raw material and production processes that are susceptible to interference. For this reason, this paper analyses the state of the art in production of mycelium based composites, shows the existing gaps and draws a vision to close these gaps.

关键词： cyber-physical production biological transformation mycelium-based composites

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Apparatus to measure wear of soft tissue induced by reconstruction plates – A preliminary study

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 125卷 290-295页

作者： Anas Ben Achour Allani Mohamed Hedi Uwe Teicher Günter Lauer Christian Bräuer Tom Alexander Schröder Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 01187 Dresden Germany Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden 01307 Dresden Germany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Facial Plastic Surgery University of Rostock Schillingallee 35 18057 Rostock Germany

Mandibular reconstruction is a complex surgical procedure that aims to restore form and function. This procedure becomes necessary in cases where significant bone loss or defects occur due to medication-related osteonecrosis or severe cases of osteomyelitis, tumor resection, or congenital abnormalities. In the last decades, advancements in surgical techniques, materials, and technologies have greatly improved the outcomes of mandibular reconstruction. Nevertheless, complications such as the subsequent formation of large soft tissue wounds regularly occur after the successful treatment of these bone defects. These wounds occur as a result of the relative movements that naturally happen between the implant and the soft tissue, causing the soft tissue to wear away. However, the factors that promote or delay wear have not yet been conclusively clarified. In this work, a test bench was developed and evaluated to simulate naturally occurring movements between implant materials and soft tissue. Then, this test bench was used to compare the wear behavior of linear titanium plates with the behavior of titanium plates encased with bone cement (Palacos®) in a preliminary study. The friction coefficients for different movement patterns of the two surgical techniques were measured and the wear on the abdominal skin of pigs was examined. The results revealed that encasing the titanium plates with bone cement has advantages in terms of friction coefficients and wear for certain movement patterns.

关键词： Bio-based cooling lubricants tribology friction process forces tool wear

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Energy efficiency and energy flexibility in matrix production systems

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 945-950页

作者： Marc Münnich Steffen Ihlenfeldt Sebastian Thiede Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technical University Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a 01069 Dresden Germany Department of Design Production and Management University of Twente De Horst 2 7522 LW Enschede The Netherlands

Competitive and regulatory pressure force companies to produce more flexible and reactive to market demands and also include electrical energy-related considerations in production system planning and operation to reduce energy cost and environmental impact. Matrix production systems are perceived to cope with turbulent market environments but are only investigated from a logistics point of view. Potentials regarding energy efficiency and energy flexibility that arise from the inherent flexible production infrastructure remain unclear. This paper aims to systematically investigate the potential contributions of the flexible production structures and to point out general hypotheses about synergies as well as conflicts for logistics and energy-related target dimensions. These are evaluated in a simulation study based on an industrial use case. Results indicate that there are various control levers to support energy efficiency as well as energy flexibility together with logistics target dimensions in MPS.

关键词： Matrix production Discrete-event simulation Energy efficiency Energy flexibility

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A case study on the use of open source hardware in mechanical engineering

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 128卷 680-685页

作者： Cäcilia Veliu Valentin Petzold Dirk Reichelt Maximilian Stange Steffen Ihlenfeldt Dresden University of Applied Sciences Friedrich-List-Platz 1 01069 Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technical University Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a 01069 Dresden Germany

Open Source Hardware (OSH) enables innovative developments and business models. The OSH approach creates new forms of cross-company product development and community-based innovation processes. Open source has been state of the art in software industry for years. When it comes to OSH projects, however, the focus is primarily on the consumer sector. The use of OSH for industrial products, especially in mechanical engineering, is still in its early stages. The paper presents a case study on the development of an application module based on OSH components in a R&D testbed. The developed module is intended to enable electronic functional testing. For this purpose, the development process involved, among other things, creating solutions for a tool changing system. Using the case study, we analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the open source licenses used and derive implications for the R&D process. Building on this, various concepts for the use, adaptation and expansion of OSH components and the resulting implications for development processes and business models are presented. The case study is used to analyse which established open source software concepts can be transferred to material assets, but also which additional requirements arise from OSH components, e.g. in the area of safety.

关键词： Open Source Hardware Open Innovation Design: challenges & innovation

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The RaRe2 Attempt as a Holistic Platform for Decision Support in Rapidly Changing Process Chains 9th

The RaRe2 Attempt as a Holistic Platform for Decision Suppor...

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Production Processes and Product Evolution in the Age of Disruption - Proceedings of the 9th Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production Conference CARV2023 and the 11th World Mass Customization and Personalization Conference MCPC2023

作者： Teicher, Uwe Ben Achour, Anas Selbmann, Erik Demir, Ozan Emre Arabsolgar, Dena Cassina, Jacopo Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Colledani, Marcello Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Straße 7a Dresden01189 Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan20156 Italy Syxis VSI Europos pr. 122 Kaunas46351 Lithuania Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031348204

The trend towards globalization is increasingly being questioned or put under the microscope for social, political, and economic policy reasons. Due to the closely net-worked trade relations unpredictable events like pandemics, natural disasters, technical disruptions of supply chains and political conflicts can have considerable economic and social consequences. However, the central point is the constantly and rapidly changing market conditions to which it is necessary to react, or which must be shaped in order to adequately and successfully counter new technologies or new competitors. Within this paper it is worked out that based on targeted support of decision makers from top management to lower management and of the executing staff, the economic consequences for companies can be lowered with data-driven approaches and furthermore the. The objective of this paper is to help tackling reconfiguration needs via a holistic approach with the human being in the centre. The central hypothesis consists of the fact that with standards and defined methods, data-driven tools such as the digital twin or dedicated software applications for decision support specifically for information-based decisions, it is possible to deal more robustly and resiliently with rapid changes in the business environment. Based on exemplary use cases of automotive and medical technology as well as precision manufacturing of optical components, a holistic ecosystem platform RaRe2 will be developed, which will be disseminated as a reference for innovative software concepts on an industrial scale. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Supply chains

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Classification and Evaluation of the Integration of Process Mining and Digital Twins: A Roadmap

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 467-472页

作者： Maxi Grobis Sven Solterbeck Oliver Kempf Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz“ Germany DB Systel GmbH Jürgen-Ponto-Platz 1 60329 Frankfurt a. Main Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a 01069 Dresden Germany

Process mining has established itself as an essential technique for discovering and analyzing business processes by bringing transparency to complex process landscapes. The application of process mining provides a solid foundation for the further development of digital twins - virtual replicas of real systems that are updated in real-time to generate simulations and improve predictions. The combination of process mining with digital twins necessitates an in-depth exploration of the fundamental aspects of this synergy, particularly to delineate the criteria that constitute a digital process twin or an organizational twin. Currently, there are initial research activities and definitions in this area, characterized by significantly divergent approaches. To address this, the authors developed a concept in the form of a roadmap laying the foundations for a future maturity model and utilized the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) to systematically evaluate the integration and progress of process mining in connection with digital twins and their characteristics.

关键词： Process Mining Digital Twin Maturity Model RAMI 4.0

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Experimental validation of characteristic diagram- parameterization for environment-induced thermal interactions on machine tools in a climate chamber

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 63-68页

作者： Tharun Suresh Kumar Janine Glänzel Robert Tehel Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany

Thermal gradients created by environmental influences on machine tools cause considerable non-linear thermo-elastic deformations whether the machine is in operation or in idle mode. When a machine tool is subjected to changes in environmental influences such as ambient air temperature, velocity or direction, then flow (CFD) simulations are necessary to effectively quantify the thermal behavior between the machine tool surface and the surrounding air. The conventional two-step simulation procedure consisting of coupled CFD and thermo-elastic simulation is highly time-consuming especially when complex geometries are considered. Decoupling of CFD and thermo-elastic simulation can be achieved by introducing a Clustering Algorithm (CA) and Characteristic Diagrams (CDs) within the simulation workflow. Using training data obtained from a limited number of CFD simulations, the CDs can predict the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) based on the parameterized environmental influences. This paper attempts to validate the experimental temperature and displacement readings obtained at selected positions on a machine tool using a wide range of metrological equipment such thermography camera, temperature and displacement sensors with the decoupling approach based on parameterized CDs. For investigation, the machine tool is positioned in a climate chamber, which facilitates the variation of environmental influences such as ambient temperature, flow velocity and flow direction. Initially, a precise coupled simulation model is created which is later on converted to a decoupled system using parameterized CDs.

关键词： Decoupling approach CFD-FE simulation Experimental validation Clustering Genetic algorithm

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Generative design in factory layout planning

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 9-14页

作者： Marian Süße Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Planning and optimization of facility layouts have been investigated for decades and manifold approaches are applied for structuring and design of production layouts. However, results heavily depend on the experience and creativity of involved planning experts. Currently, complexity of planning processes constantly increases, e.g. due to further requirements of energy and media supply. Generative Design, hitherto mainly applied in component development, provides opportunities to cope with a much larger solution space and develop creative layout concepts. Thus, based on a structured overview on established planning methods, a concept and first results of factory layout planning with Generative Design are described.

关键词： Generative design Computational design Evolutionary design Factory planning Layout planning Literature search

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Software assisted clamping point classification and position optimization for the efficient flexibilization of carbody fixtures using mathematical geometry-based search algorithms

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 466-471页

作者： Rayk Fritzsche Robert Schaffrath Marcel Todtermuschke Head of group Assembly systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany Scientific employee at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany Head of dep. Assembly systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz 09126 Germany

The fraunhofer IWU has been developed specialized clamping robots for production of different car-models on one fixture. One of the challenges with universal clamping of different components is the contact point between part and clamping device. For the optimization of the clamping contours, a software was developed with which the geometries of the clamping points can be automatically analyzed and classified. With target search criteria, the clamping position on the component can be changed so that the clamping contours are geometrically simplified. Thus, a huge reduction in the complexity of the flexible clamping device is possible.

关键词： Body in white Automated device design Analysis software Optimization Product flexibility

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Micro-texture dependent temperature distribution of CVD diamond thick film cutting tools during turning of Ti-6Al-4V

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 108卷 483-488页

作者： E. Uhlmann D. Schröter E. Gärtner Technische Universität Berlin Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Machining titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V results in a high thermomechanical load on cutting tools and consequently short tool lifes. With respect to a necessary reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures, ultrashort pulse (USP) laser fabricated micro-textured rake faces offer direct supply of cooling lubricant into the cutting zone and lead to a reduced heat induction. As a result, micro-textured CVD diamond thick film cutting tools are also capable of machining high-performance materials due to reduced contact temperatures. In the scope of the research, the resulting temperature distribution for micro-textured rake faces will be compared under both dry and wet process conditions. Measurements show a reduction of the resulting cutting tool temperatures of Δ ϑt = 27.9 % using micro-textured cutting tools compared to non-textured cutting tools. A validated simulation provides valuable information about the contact temperatures enabling a specific development of the micro-texture geometry. As a result, a reduction of the contact temperature between chip and rake face by Δ ϑ T = 24.7 % was possible.

关键词： diamond tool texture titanium turning temperature laser surface integrity

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