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作者： Matvieieva, Nataliia Neupetsch, Constanze Oettel, Markus Makdani, Varun Drossel, Welf- Guntram Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Iwu Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden Germany

According to the European Medical Device Directive (MDR (EU) 2017/745), medical products of all risk classes are obliged to be labelled with Unique Device Identification Codes (UDI). In order to meet the requirements of the MDR, a novel method of identification for additively manufactured metallic products was developed at the fraunhofer institute for machine tools and forming technology (IWU). The method provides a product traceability within its production process and during the whole product lifespan, and also functions as a counterfeit protection. This paper shows the integration of a unique identification during an additive manufacturing process for a titanium part. The readout of the integrated identification was executed using ultrasonic and eddy current methods, as well as micro computed tomography. Obtained results are discussed in the paper. © 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston 2020.

关键词： Laser beams

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Enhancing cooling tower performance with condition monitoring and machine learning based drift detection

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 112卷 146-150页

作者： Sina Nahvi Stefan Polster Sebastian Melzer Anke Stoll Marc Münnich Stefan Mannstadt Philipp Klimant Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Multi Kühlsysteme GmbH Zschorlauer Straße 56 08280 Aue Germany

Process cooling is crucial to many manufacturing processes. To monitor the performance of a cooling tower, it was equipped with extensive sensors for internal and environmental data acquisition. The aim is to improve reactive and predictive maintenance by estimating the actual condition as well as predicting defective behavior of the cooling tower. We designed a method, which derives the degree of defect from data of the non-defective cooling tower. A concept drift detection approach was implemented, which monitors the model estimation error of a multilayer perceptron model. Increasing model estimation error indicates changing system behavior and increasing risk of failure.

关键词： Condition monitoring Fault detection Neural Network Concept drift Cooling Tower

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Filling the Semantics Gap in Industrial Communication: Middleware+ for an Internet of Production

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2021年第1期54卷 432-437页

作者： Raphael Kiesel Arno Weiss Robert H. Schmitt WZL | RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen Germany

To enable interoperable communication between enterprise software and industrial assets, the Internet of Production reference model suggests a single platform for routing and data access. This Middleware+ must not only act as a central message broker but also meet the challenge of incompatible data models. However, its exact capabilities remain blurred. We first compile relevant technologies and standards to integrate. Definition of requirements and a software architecture proposal follow. Considering the heterogeneous degree of connectivity within producing companies, we then sketch the path to implementation based on maturity levels. The result is a distributed information system architecture ensuring the rigorous use of semantic information models throughout the entire lifecycle of a product.

关键词： Internet of things flexible reconfigurable manufacturing systems modeling of manufacturing operations enterprise integration systems interoperability protocols information communication

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Perception of embodied digital technologies: robots and telepresence systems

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Human-Intelligent Systems Integration 2023年第1期5卷 43-62页

作者： Mandl, Sarah Brade, Jennifer Bretschneider, Maximilian Asbrock, Frank Meyer, Bertolt Jahn, Georg Klimant, Philipp Strobel, Anja Professorship of Personality Psychology and Assessment Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Social Psychology Professorship of Work Organizational and Economic Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Social Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship of Work Organizational and Economic Psychology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship Applied Geropsychology and Cognition Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Mittweida Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Chemnitz Germany

Embodied Digital Technologies (EDTs) are increasingly populating private and public spaces. How EDTs are perceived in Hybrid Societies requires prior consideration. However, findings on social perception of EDTs remain inconclusive. We investigated social perception and trustworthiness of robots and telepresence systems (TPS) and aimed at identifying how observers’ personality traits were associated with social perception of EDTs. To this end, we conducted two studies (N1 = 293, N2 = 305). Participants rated five different EDTs in a short video sequence of a space sharing conflict with a human in terms of anthropomorphism, sociability/morality, activity/cooperation, competence, and trustworthiness. The TPS were equipped with a tablet on which a person was visible. We found that the rudimentarily human-like TPS was perceived as more anthropomorphic than the automated guided vehicle, but no differences emerged in terms of other social dimensions. For robots, we found mixed results but overall higher ratings in terms of social dimensions for a human-like robot as opposed to a mechanical one. Trustworthiness was attributed differently to the EDTs only in Study 2, with a preference toward TPS and more human-like robots. In Study 1, we did not find any such differences. Personality traits were associated with attributions of social dimensions in Study 1, however results were not replicable and thus, associations remained ambiguous. With the present studies, we added insights on social perception of robots and provided evidence that social perception of TPS should be taken into consideration before their deployment.

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Objective validation for short-term material flow simulation

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Procedia CIRP 2025年 134卷 526-531页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Boran Bogdanow Roman Arnold Bastian Prell Philipp Klimant Frank Seifert Mahtab Mahdaviasl Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH Kauffahrtei 47 09120 Chemnitz Germany Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Hochschulring 1 15745 Wildau Germany Professorship Virtual Technologies Hochschule Mittweida - University of Applied Sciences Technikumplatz 17 09648 Mittweida Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Straße der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a 01062 Dresden Germany

Material flow simulation, by means of discrete event simulation (DES), is utilized in various industries to support production planning and control. This is due to the fact that changes to manufacturing systems and production strategies can be virtually examined before actual implementation. Since the manual development and repeated adjustment of simulation models is time-consuming and error-prone, numerous studies suggest computerized model generation and synchronization. However, validation of such generated or synchronized models is rarely considered. Here, we present an extendible objective validation technique for the repeated short-term simulation of a generated model. To illustrate this, the technique is applied to a high-volume automotive production line and a series of simulation cycles.

关键词： Digital Twin Simulation Quality Optimization Manufacturing system Control Analysis

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Geometric empirical modelling of forces influenced by the cutting edge microgeometry in orthogonal cutting of unidirectional CFRP 18

Geometric empirical modelling of forces influenced by the cu...

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18th CIRP Conference on Modeling of Machining Operations, CMMO 2021

作者： Sauer, Konstantin Nowak, Alexander Regel, Joachim Wertheim, Rafael Dix, Martin Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Production Systems and Processes Reichenhainer Strasse 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Machine Elements and Product Development Reichenhainer Strasse 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institue for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

In optimising the cutting of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), increasing emphasis is placed on the cutting edge microgeometry. A significant challenge lies in understanding the engagement conditions between tool and workpiece, influencing tool wear mechanisms and performance. This paper aims to provide a more in-depth insight into the influence of cutting parameters on process forces when applying ideally rounded cutting edges in orthogonal cutting. A geometric empirical process model is developed for calculating the cutting force and the passive force, considering the cutting edge radius, the uncut chip thickness, and the fibre cutting angle. As a result, the minimum uncut chip thickness was determined, and process forces were calculated. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics

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Evaluation of augmented reality supported approaches for product design and production processes

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 160-165页

作者： Marco Schumann Christian Fuchs Christian Kollatsch Philipp Klimant Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Augmented Reality (AR) has been a focus of research in the field of production for many years with the goal to improve e.g. monitoring and maintenance processes. Although the benefits have been well researched, the AR technology has not been widespread yet in the industry. This article discusses reasons why existing approaches have not become established outside the research context. Following this, solutions are examined for three identified problematic areas. First, this article presents a theoretical method to create use cases for AR applications in the product design process based on the Double Diamond design process model. The second main part discusses which device properties are relevant for a production environment. A catalogue of criteria is presented, weighting properties according to their importance. Third, a discussion is described regarding data integration concepts, problems and solutions for AR design and production use cases.

关键词： Augmented reality Production Design Double Diamond design process model

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Increasing Resilience of Production Systems by Dynamic Context Modelling and Process Adaption

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 282-287页

作者： Tim Wunderlich Jonas Hansert Sandro Koch Robert Heinrich Thomas Schlegel Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Moltkestr. 30 76133 Karlsruhe Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Am Fasanengarten 5 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany

The requirements for cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) grow steadily, leading to increased complexity of such systems. To address issues due to reconfiguration or failures, we present an approach to creating a context model of the CPPS components during runtime and to detect deviations from the planned production processes. Furthermore, we present a concept for modelling production processes that allows for dynamic process adaption during runtime. We then utilize this process adaption and the context model to cope with unforeseen failures and increase the resilience of the system. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of our approach by applying it to an Industry 4.0 production system.

关键词： resilience cyber-physical production systems process adaption context awareness

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Holistic animation and functional solution for digital manikins in context of virtual assembly simulations

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 15-20页

作者： Christian Fuchs Christoph Allmacher Philipp Klimant Matthias Putz Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Assembly simulations in virtual reality were used increasingly in recent years. Even though a multitude of solutions exists in the commercial market, research is focusing on improving soft factors like usability and financial accessibility. Therefore, this paper proposes a holistic solution for animation and integration of functionality of a digital manikin in Unity. The solution is using Unity's integrated inverse kinematics system and physics engine. The result is a fully animated human manikin based on the tracking data of a head-mounted display and its two controllers, which is extrapolating motion data for untracked body parts. Furthermore, the solution enables the user to manipulate objects and explore the virtual environment. The solution is validated in comparison to established motion capture methods using joint error analysis.

关键词： Virtual reality Digital manikins Motion capture Inverse kinematics Animation Assembly simulation

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Ultrasonic Vibration assisted Silver Integration by Powder Mixed EDM for Antibacterial Surfaces

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 123卷 410-415页

作者： Viet D. Bui André Martin Thomas Berger Karsten Harnisch Joachim Döring Jessica Bertrand Andreas Schubert Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship Micromanufacturing Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Leipziger Str. 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) with silver nano-powder has demonstrated its potential capability in antibacterial surface modification. Analyses in the cross-sectional layer showed that silver was mainly integrated near the topmost surface layer, and its content is reduced within the layer towards the substrate. However, to achieve a long-term antibacterial efficacy, silver needs to be deeply integrated in the modified layer. Previous studies indicated that ultrasonic vibration (UV) assisted PMEDM can homogenize the silver content in the deposited layer. In this study, the effect of UV on the silver distribution within the modified layer is investigated. Ti6Al4V workpieces were stimulated by UV with a frequency of 22.3 kHz and an amplitude of 2.5 µm. Hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid, mixed with silver nano-powder with concentrations up to 15 g/L, were internally flushed through a hollow tool with a pressure of 4 bar. PMEDM without UV was investigated for comparison. The layer thickness, micro-cracks and the cross-sectional distribution of deposited silver were analysed by confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicate that applying UV leads to the highest silver content in the middle region of the layer, a significant decrease of micro-cracks and a slight reduction of the layer thickness.

关键词： powder mixed EDM ultrasonic vibration silver distribution modified layer antibacterial effect

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