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Characterization of the high-pressure suspension jet for efficient cutting and abrasive circularity

CIRP Annals 2025年

作者： Morczinek, Florian Dix, Martin Wertheim, Rafael Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Technical University of Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany Braude College of Engineering Karmiel Israel

To optimize the workpiece removal process and maximize the fraction of reusable abrasive particles, it is necessary to ascertain the characteristics of the high-pressure suspension jet process, including the kinetic energy of the particles in the jet. In this study, the particle velocity and the change in their size were measured and analyzed. It was found that due to breakage the average particle size decreases by up to 35 % during the acceleration process in the nozzle. The results showed that the particle size has insignificant influence on particle velocity, while the kinetic energy of an average particle decreased by up to 72 %. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Cutting parameter study of CFRP machining by turning and turn-milling 13

Cutting parameter study of CFRP machining by turning and tur...

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13th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2019

作者： Sauer, Konstantin Hertel, Matthias Fickert, Sandro Witt, Marco Putz, Matthias Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

The use of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures in rotationally symmetrical components opens up a new field of lightweight construction with great potential for reducing the mass of moving components. Due to the material anisotropy, the machining of these structures can cause component damages. In this paper, the machining results of CFRP shafts conducted by turning and orthogonal turn-milling are presented. The characteristics of the applied processes are evaluated concerning the achievable shape and surface quality of the workpiece. Furthermore, the possibilities for the machining of fits on CFRP shafts are discussed. © 2020 The Authors.

关键词： Turning

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Metal Foams with Ceramic Inserts for Security Applications 11th

Metal Foams with Ceramic Inserts for Security Applications

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11th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams, MetFoam 2019

作者： Vogel, René Drebenstedt, Claudia Szyniszewski, Stefan Bittner, Florian Fras, Teresa Blanc, Ludovic Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany University of Surrey Guildford United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI Hannover Germany Saint-Louis France

ISBN: (纸本)9783030427979

Protective performance and a low weight of armour plates are the most important objective in security applications. Metallic foams can provide a high level of protection without an extensive mass and were used as a part of various laminated armour systems in the past. Embedding small ceramic parts in metallic foam combines the hardness of ceramics with the flexibility of the lightweight cellular matrix. The material has an extreme cutting resistance against mechanical tools such as angle grinder, drill bits, or other cutting devices. In several testing campaigns, aluminium foams were combined with different internal layouts of stacked or integrated ceramics. The cellular core was foamed directly to steel cover sheets or was bonded to different steel alloy faceplates. In additional tests, blast wave propagation of the metallic foam ceramic composite (MFCC) panels was evaluated. Furthermore, several ballistic tests were performed and compared to state-of-the-art armour materials. It was possible to achieve better performance in this comparison to standard armoured steel at a lower overall weight. © 2020, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Metals

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Holistic animation and functional solution for digital manikins in context of virtual assembly simulations 8

Holistic animation and functional solution for digital manik...

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8th CIRP Conference of Assembly technology and Systems, CATS 2020

作者： Fuchs, Christian Allmacher, Christoph Klimant, Philipp Putz, Matthias Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Assembly simulations in virtual reality were used increasingly in recent years. Even though a multitude of solutions exists in the commercial market, research is focusing on improving soft factors like usability and financial accessibility. Therefore, this paper proposes a holistic solution for animation and integration of functionality of a digital manikin in Unity. The solution is using Unity's integrated inverse kinematics system and physics engine. The result is a fully animated human manikin based on the tracking data of a head-mounted display and its two controllers, which is extrapolating motion data for untracked body parts. Furthermore, the solution enables the user to manipulate objects and explore the virtual environment. The solution is validated in comparison to established motion capture methods using joint error analysis. © 2020 The Author(s).

关键词： Inverse kinematics

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Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of path-based welding applications

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 130卷 1644-1652页

作者： Georgij Safronov Heiko Theisinger Vasco Sahlbach Christoph Braun Andreas Molzer Anabelle Thies Christian Schuba Majid Shirazi Thomas Reindl Albrecht Hänel Philipp Engelhardt Steffen Ihlenfeldt Peter Mayr BMW AG Petuelring 130 80788 München Germany Technical University of Munich Chair of Materials Engineering of Additive Manufacturing Freisinger Landstraße 52 85748 Garching bei München Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 01187 Dresden Germany nebumind GmbH Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1 82024 Taufkirchen Germany

The use of digital technologies in industrial manufacturing reduces operational costs and improves production quality. The “Framework for Spatiotemporal Production Data Acquisition” (PathSense) aims to improve access and usability of production data by applying a common data ecosystem. Through integrating operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), PathSense supports decision-making and process optimization. The framework uses the concept of digital shadows to collect critical information from sensors within the continuous manufacturing processes, e.g., welding or gluing lines. Spatial and temporal digital shadows are developed in accordance with human spatial cognition to support sophisticated–yet intuitive–human-computer interactions without the need for advanced data science skills. The backbone of the framework consists of robust data pipelines with a setup incorporating modern IT protocols, such as OPC UA and MQTT, to support the efficient acquisition and management of data. The paper addresses the challenges associated with the combination of IT and OT in cyber-physical systems, stressing modern complex data-intensive manufacturing as one exemplary domain to be tackled by scalable and secure data architectures. The paper identifies two major future directions: refining data integration processes and embedding advanced machine learning algorithms to enable automated data analysis and improve process quality monitoring. In summary, PathSense proposes a data-driven approach for quality inspection in manufacturing, which may eventually enhance industry practices and move towards data-driven decisions and increased operational flexibility.

关键词： PathSense digital twin welding process data acquisition spatiotemporal analysis defect detection OPC UA MQTT AI

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Reaming of carbon fibre reinforced plastics: Influence of tool geometry on process forces and tool wear

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 409-413页

作者： Konstantin Sauer Matthias Putz Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Due to the high abrasive wear and the tendency to workpiece damages, the manufacturing of high-quality bores in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) is still one of the major goals in tool development. In this work, reaming tests are performed on CFRP in order to characterise the relationship between tool geometry, process forces and tool wear. After a preliminary investigation of a taper reamer, diverse carbide tools have been tested which exhibit different values of rake and clearance angle. The forces measurement took place using a rotating dynamometer, while the evaluation of the tool wear has been realised by microscopic images via structured light projection. Different forms of wear appear, while hardly any differences in the force curves can be detected when applying different angles of the cutting wedge.

关键词： Drilling Reaming CFRP Bore quality Tool wear

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Ethanol Exposure Duration Effects on Soft Tissue Biomechanics

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Werner, Michael Drossel, Welf-Guntram Löffler, Sabine Hammer, Niels Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden Germany Institute of Anatomy University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

When conducting biomechanical testing or clinical training using embalmed human soft tissues, it is essential to understand their impact on biomechanical properties and their time dependence. Previous studies have investigated this influence, but specific variations over different embalming durations have not been thoroughly addressed to ***-seven human iliotibial band specimens were obtained from nine donors. All specimens were embalmed in ethanol-glycerin for varying durations: one day, eight days, and fourteen days. Prior to the mechanical trials, the specimens underwent osmotic water adjustment, tapering and standardized clamping. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to determine elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate strain. Surface strain measurements were performed using a digital image correlation ***-glycerin embalming of soft tissues significantly affects ultimate strain after one day of submersion time, elastic modulus after eight days, and the ultimate tensile strength after fourteen days. For applications requiring consistent and reliable material properties reflecting a (supra-)vital state, caution is advised against using embalmed tissues even following short submersion durations in ethanol-glycerin. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Impact of shape irregularity in medial sphenoid wing meningiomas on postoperative cranial nerve functioning, proliferation, and progression-free survival

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Brain and Spine 2023年 3卷 101857-101857页

作者： Wach, Johannes Block, Greta-Aimée Vychopen, Martin Grunert, Ronny Güresir, Erdem Arlt, Felix University Hospital Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Zittau Germany

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Measuring the Amount of Plume During Laser Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using Digital Image Processing

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jacob, Adrian Kersting, Lisa Bardenhagen, Andreas Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Additive Manufacturing Materials and Technology Siemens Energy Huttenstr. 12 Berlin10553 Germany Institute of Aerospace Institute of Technology Berlin Marchstr. 12-14 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Pforzheimer Str. 7a Dresden01189 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7a Dresden01069 Germany

Recent publications have put a focus on metal vaporization during the PBF-LB/M process. It is intimately connected with component defects and process by-products such as plume. Our study purposes an in-situ image processing system that aims to determine the amount of plume present in the build chamber. An algorithm isolates the plume in the images and uses a probabilistic approach to eliminate the influence of image noise and determine the amount of plume. The system is employed in the analysis of an experiment in which the scan speeds, laser power, and hatch angle were varied. In addition, the experiment includes repeated parameter sets to evaluate process stability over time. The resultant data shows a slight increase of plume generation over time, indicating a fume buildup within the AM machine’s closed build chamber. Increased laser power and scan speed result in significantly increased plume generation. The effect that the hatch angle has on plume correlates with both laser power and scan speed. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image processing

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Digital innovation hubs for robotics – TRINITY approach for distributing knowledge via modular use case demonstrations

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 45-50页

作者： Minna Lanz Jan Reimann Aleš Ude Niki Kousi Roel Pieters Morteza Dianatfar Sotiris Makris Tampere University Tampere Finland Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia University of Patras Patras Greece

Robots are no longer stand-alone systems on the factory floor. The demand for industrial robots (market) is anticipated to be growing to 65 billion euros by the year 2023. Within all areas of robotics, the demand for collaborative and more flexible systems is rising as well. The level of desired collaboration and increased flexibility will only be reached if the systems are developed as a whole, e.g. perception, reasoning and physical manipulation. The rising need for collaborative robots in the automation industry is acting as a driver for this market and is expected to serve as a market opportunity for future growth. However, at the same time especially smaller companies have difficulties to formulate a concrete vision and strategies for the uptake of robotics, finding skilled workforce to develop and deploy the robot systems and/or work in the manufacturing industry. A number of Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) have been developed to enhance the knowledge and technology transfer from laboratories to factory floors, mitigating the skills gap and supporting the formulation of innovation ecosystems with the specific focus on small and medium-sized companies around Europe. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the concept and approach taken in H2020 TRINITY-project that aims to develop a Robotics Innovation Hub focused on Agile Production. The paper will introduce the concept and technical approach of the project, and discusses the preliminary results, challenges and opportunities of these kind of DIHs.

关键词： Digital innovation hub Modular Robotics ICT IIoT

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