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30th International Conference on Computer Graphics and machine Vision, GraphiCon 2020

作者： Mende, Mattias Wiener, Thomas Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany

This article describes, how color textures can be reliably detected and classified in the production process independent of external parameters such as brightness, object positions (translation), angulars (rotation), object distances (scaling) or curved surfaces (rotation + scaling). The methods described here are also suitable for reliably classifying at least 18 color textures even if they differ only slightly from each other optically. The online classification of color textures is a classic task in the wood, furniture and textile industry. For example, unwanted defects or partial soiling on moving webs can be reliably detected regardless of fluctuations in brightness and/or shadows during process operation. Algorithms has been developed for teach-in with RGB-HSI-transform, set fewer segments on the color textures of each class with e.g. 24x24 Pixel, use suitable transformations {HSI}, e.g. 2D-FFT for formation characteristic 2D spectral mountains in these segments, extraction of statistical features and setting up the individual classifiers. Algorithms has been developed for identification & classification in process operation with extraction of statistical characteristics and methods of robust classification. The implementation of the methods, the triggering of the color cameras, the processing of the color information including the output of the results to the process control is done with the data analysis program Xeidana®. © 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Color

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Effects of abrasive waterjet cutting on surface properties of hardened steel

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 118卷 620-625页

作者： Nermin Redžić Philipp Kieweg Joachim Regel Martin Dix Chemnitz University of Technology Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Franke GmbH Obere Bahnstraße 64 73431 Aalen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

The importance of cutting hardened materials without influencing their structural properties makes abrasive waterjet machining a favorable choice in certain applications in comparison with other manufacturing technologies. Using this technology, faulty surface structures and errors caused by high thermal loads such as burrs, burns and cracks, can be avoided. In this paper, the results of applying the abrasive waterjet technology for cutting of hardened steel and its advantageous properties in comparison with cut-off grinding will be presented. The influence of process parameters on surface properties and burr formation has been determined by experimental analysis.

关键词： abrasive waterjet machining hardened steel cut-off grinding burr formation

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Influence of engagement parameters on estimation of tangential cutting force using high-frequency process data of the machine tool 16

Influence of engagement parameters on estimation of tangenti...

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16th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2022

作者： Rytir, Michal Rönnecke, Jonas Hänel, Albrecht Kolar, Petr Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Institute of Informatics Robotics and Cybernetics Department of Industrial Production and Automation Jugoslávských partyzánu 1580/3 Prague160 00 Czech Republic Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Department of Production Digital Twin Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Chair of Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Controls Dresden01062 Germany

The machining of high-value products needs advanced quality control to avoid the risk of expensive follow-up operations performed on parts with unacceptable quality. This situation requires the in-process or close to in-process control of the machining operation. The tangential cutting force is a parameter that characterizes the force interaction between the specific workpiece material and the specific tool geometry. This paper presents a method for a tangential cutting force calculation along the given tool path based on processing of the high-frequency data acquired from the machine tool control system with support of the geometric material removal model. The calculated data are compared with the reference dynamometer results. The influence of the variable engagement parameters is demonstrated and discussed from the perspective of the in-process workpiece quality control. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： machine tools

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Tool concept for structure rolling to improve tribologically stressed components 20

Tool concept for structure rolling to improve tribologically...

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20th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2020

作者： Schmidt, Torsten Schneider, Jörg Edelmann, Jan Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775176

Extensions of functional ranges and increases in efficiency are among the constant companions in automotive engineering as well as in machine tool industry. In most cases, increased performance requirements meet lower or constant component dimensions, whereby the functional surfaces are exposed to higher loads. These are often components subject to high tribological stress, such as friction bearings or cylinder liners. Against this background, these surfaces are often functionalized by coatings or microstructures in order to meet the increased requirements. For surface micro structuring, a number of processes are known which differ in their suitability for specific applications and series production. Structure rolling offers great potential for the structuring of rotationally symmetric components. With this process the positive structure of the embossing roller is replicated onto the workpiece surface under a defined contact force. This comparatively simple method of structure generation enables a fast and flexible process for transferring different structural geometries to extensive component surfaces. The publication focuses on structure rolling as efficient manufacturing technology. Within the scope of several research projects, various tool concepts have been implemented and advanced, whereby the current tool design is presented and discussed. In addition, the dimensioning and production of the positive structure on the embossing roller by means of laser structuring is described. The potentials of the process are shown by means of an application-oriented example. Copyright © Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tribology

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Investigation of bio-based cooling lubricants for the machining of aircraft stainless steels

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 110卷 47-52页

作者： Erik Selbmann Marcus Preiẞ Anas Ben Achour Uwe Teicher Albrecht Hänel Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 01187 Dresden Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering 01062 Dresden Germany

Water-miscible cooling lubricants are used in approx. 90% of metalworking processes mainly for lubrication and cooling of the contact zone between tool and workpiece. The base oils of the widely used water-miscible emulsions are often of mineral origin and represent a significant share of the CO2-fingerprint in production systems in terms of their extraction, processing and the possibility of recycling. Cooling lubricants are furthermore negatively discussed regarding to their health compatibility. Those disadvantages of conventional cooling lubricants drive the research for replacing mineral base oils with vegetable base oils, which contribute to a safer work environment and greener production. In this work, both conventional cooling lubricants and several water-miscible emulsions with various edible and non-edible vegetable-based oils were prepared and characterized regarding their suitability as cooling lubricants for the milling of aircraft stainless steels. Comprehensive experimental investigations were carried out to determine the process forces and the resulting tool wear as technical performance indicators for the test evaluation.

关键词： Bio-based lubricants stainless steel milling process forces tool wear

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Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quantum Bayesian Networks

Influence Estimation In Multi-Step Process Chains Using Quan...

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2022 Informatik in den Naturwissenschaften, INFORMATIK 2022 - 2022 Computer Science in the Natural Sciences, INFORMATIK 2022

作者： Selch, Maximilian Müssig, Daniel Hänel, Albrecht Lässig, Jörg Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Department Digital Production Twin Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer IOSB Branch Advanced System Technologies IOSB-AST Cognitive Energy Systems Wilhelmsplatz 11 Görlitz02826 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797203

Digital representatives of physical assets and process steps play a decisive role in analysing properties and evaluating the quality of the process. So-called digital twins acquire all relevant planning and process data, which provide the basis, for example, to investigate path accuracies in manufacturing. Each single process step aims to perform an ideal machining after the specification of a target geometry. However, the practical implementation of a step usually shows deviations from the targeted shape. The machine-learning based method of probabilistic Bayesian networks enables the quality estimation of the holistic process chain as well as improvements by targeted considerations of single steps and influence factors. However, the handling of large-scale Bayesian networks requires a high computational effort, whereas the processing with quantum algorithms holds potential improvements in storage and performance. Based on the issue of path accuracy, this paper considers the modelling and influence estimation for a milling operation including experiments on superconducting quantum hardware. © 2022 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Vacuum gripper without central compressed air supply

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 76-80页

作者： Robert Schaffrath Erik Jäger Georg Winkler Jan Doant Marcel Todtermuschke Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Compressed air operated industrial equipment has been always an important part of car body production. Advantages of compressed air powered tools are their robust construction, low-cost manufacturing as well as high performances especially forces at a minimum of construction size. Disadvantages are high operating costs, due to pressure losses in case of leakage, high installation costs and intricate cabling especially at highly flexible manufacturing systems. As a result, many automobile manufacturers aiming for a reduction of air powered production tools or even air free automobile manufacturing systems. Against this background a new concept of a vacuum grippers will be presented, which does not need central compressed air supply. Results of the development of suction cups will be shown, which are based on mechanical air displacement inspired by artificial muscles. Furthermore, a control of clusters of new suction cups with artificial intelligence is given.

关键词： Automotive Body shop End of arm tooling Gripper Vacuum Sucktion cups Compressed air supply

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Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of path-based welding applications 57

Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of p...

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18th IFAC Workshop on Time Delay Systems, TDS 2024

作者： Safronov, Georgij Theisinger, Heiko Sahlbach, Vasco Braun, Christoph Molzer, Andreas Thies, Anabelle Schuba, Christian Shirazi, Majid Reindl, Thomas Hänel, Albrecht Engelhardt, Philipp Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Mayr, Peter BMW AG Petuelring 130 München80788 Germany Technical University of Munich Materials Engineering of Additive Manufacturing Freisinger Landstraße 52 Garching bei München85748 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Nebumind GmbH Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1 Taufkirchen82024 Germany

The use of digital technologies in industrial manufacturing reduces operational costs and improves production quality. The "Framework for Spatiotemporal Production Data Acquisition" (PathSense) aims to improve access and usability of production data by applying a common data ecosystem. Through integrating operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), PathSense supports decision-making and process optimization. The framework uses the concept of digital shadows to collect critical information from sensors within the continuous manufacturing processes, e.g., welding or gluing lines. Spatial and temporal digital shadows are developed in accordance with human spatial cognition to support sophisticated-yet intuitive-human-computer interactions without the need for advanced data science skills. The backbone of the framework consists of robust data pipelines with a setup incorporating modern IT protocols, such as OPC UA and MQTT, to support the efficient acquisition and management of data. The paper addresses the challenges associated with the combination of IT and OT in cyber-physical systems, stressing modern complex data-intensive manufacturing as one exemplary domain to be tackled by scalable and secure data architectures. The paper identifies two major future directions: refining data integration processes and embedding advanced machine learning algorithms to enable automated data analysis and improve process quality monitoring. In summary, PathSense proposes a data-driven approach for quality inspection in manufacturing, which may eventually enhance industry practices and move towards data-driven decisions and increased operational flexibility. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Spatio-temporal data

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Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting tools 17

Direct laser interference patterning of cemented cutting too...

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Laser-based Micro- and Nanoprocessing XVII 2023

作者： Baumann, Robert Bouraoui, Yasmine Teicher, Uwe Selbmann, Erik Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Lasagni, Andrés Fabián Institute for Manufacturing Technology Technische Universität Dresden George-Baehr-Str. 3c Dresden01069 Germany Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 7a Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden01187 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Winterbergstraße 28 Dresden01277 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659230

Nowadays, improving processes sustainability has become a major topic for many manufacturers in metal processing industries. Next to the challenging rise of costs of raw material and tools, innovative and hard to process materials enter the market. Here, surface functionalization of cutting tools is devised as a convenient approach for reducing energy consumption as well as material losses. In this work, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is used for manufacturing periodic line-like structures with spatial periods of 5.5 µm on tungsten carbide. The texturing is applied on rake-flank faces of the cutting inserts, leading to texture depths up to 1.75 µm by controlling the amount of used laser pulses. Moreover, turning experiments under lubricated conditions carried out on Al 6061 T6 parts with structured and untreated tools are performed to investigate the tribological performance. In result, the used DLIP-functionalized cutting tools could effectively decrease machining forces up to 12 %. This is caused by the corresponding improvement in frictional and improved lubrication behavior at the tool/chip interface. Furthermore, the laser-processed tools generate thinner chips, which leads to a decrease in surface roughness by 31 % of the aluminum work piece. This work thus offers insight into the viability of improving cutting tools by laser surface micro patterning for upcoming innovative materials designed for improving tool wear resistance, energy efficiency and surface quality. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Tungsten carbide

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Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grinding and resulting influence on tooth flank topography and gear excitation 14

Characterization of vibration in continuous generating grind...

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14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, CIRP ICME 2020

作者： Böttger, Jonas Kimme, Simon Drossel, Welf-Guntram Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes IWP Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Str. 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Besides harmonic meshing frequencies, excitation behavior of gears is highly affected by micro geometry of tooth surface caused by waviness on gear flank topography. Errors in finishing processes like continuous generating gear grinding are examined to demonstrate their impact on gear flank topography under consideration of characteristic waviness with a simulation model. Results of an experimental investigation on manufactured topography and measured transmission error show well correlation with the model. The pursued analysis of characteristic cutting volume in frequency domain of systematically considered process errors is a reasonable step towards the prediction of process conditions in the manufacturing process. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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