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Field demonstration of commercial PONs for edge-cloud-based industrial scenarios: requirements, use cases, and proofs of concept

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 2025年第7期17卷 590-600页

作者： Massimiliano Sica Behnam Shariati Hagen Hosl David Przewozny Sonke C. Niemann Moritz Chemnitz Paul Chojecki Johannes K. Fischer Ronald Freund Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Einsteinufer 37 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Industrial networks and edge-cloud integration in manufacturing processes have gained significant attention due to the evolving requirements of Industry 4.0. Key demands include data-driven network management, multi-service support, and low-latency, high-bandwidth communications, all essential for the industry’s future. Standardization groups like the European Telecommunications and Standardization institute (ETSI) and several other research groups are working to quantify the requirements that industrial networks must meet to support Industry 4.0 applications. This study implements two ETSI use cases: Edge-Cloud-based Visual Inspection for Automatic Quality Assessment in production and Edge-Cloud-based Control of Automated Guided Vehicles. We experimentally validate the performance of the use cases by employing a physical testbed for edge-cloud-enabled manufacturing based on ETSI recommendations. We present a passive optical network testbed that connects multiple manufacturing floors to an edge-cloud for management, orchestration, and control. Our implementation features nanosecond-scale synchronization using precision time protocol, real-time network and energy monitoring for ubiquitous visibility, and multi-service capabilities through network slicing.

关键词： Manufacturing Real-time systems Fourth Industrial Revolution Monitoring Floors Network slicing Passive optical networks Industries Protocols Cloud computing

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Automated 2D-3D-Mapping and Assessment of Defects Obtained from 2D Image Detection on a 3D Model for Efficient Repair of Industrial Turbine Blades 1

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10th International Conference on Sustainable design and Manufacturing, KES-SDM 2023

作者： Joost, Robert Mönchinger, Stephan Engeländer, Lukas Lindow, Kai Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9789819981595

ISBN: (纸本)9789819981588

Manufacturing processes suited to repair worn-out machine parts are increasingly gaining traction in industrial practice. This evolution is driven by the desire to contribute to sustainable production by extending the lifetime of a part, and methods and machine tools have evolved in the last years, such that the refurbishment reaches equivalent quality compared to new parts. Yet, repair processes often remain too tedious and expensive to be profitable, and are therefore not put in practice. This could be prevented by increased efficiency and automation. In order to repair parts, the defects need to be detected and assessed. This task lies in the field of Reverse Engineering (RE). In the scope of repair and overhaul, RE aims to obtain data and models that can be fed to subsequent applications, such as path planning for additive manufacturing. This paper presents a highly automated process for defect inspection by the example of industrial turbine blades. The current process requires many analogue work steps and human intervention. The developed software processes defects obtained by AI-based image classification. It mainly consists of camera scene calibration, 3D pose estimation, and 2D-3D-mapping. The gained value is the new composition of existing technologies and their customization for turbine blades. Accuracy and computational duration are assessed. The presented method is able to enhance the reparation process and can be deployed to different applications and industries. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Inertial Measurement Unit based Human Action Recognition for Soft-Robotic Exoskeleton 13

Inertial Measurement Unit based Human Action Recognition for...

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13th International DAAAM Baltic Conference and 29th International Baltic Conference, BALTMATTRIB 2021

作者： Kuschan, Jan Burgdorff, Moritz Filaretov, Hristo Krüger, Jörg Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems Design Technology IPK Germany

Absence from work caused by overloading the musculoskeletal system lowers the life quality of the worker and gains unnecessary costs for both the employer and the health system. Exoskeletons can present a solution. Typically, such systems struggle with stiffness and discomfort and primarily a lack of battery lifetime. Soft-robotic exoskeletons offer a possibility to overcome these problems by increasing the system flexibility, not limiting the supported DoF and being actuator and joint together. Since soft-robotic exoskeletons can be designed only using power when supporting the wearer, it is possible to increase the battery lifetime by only acting on those actions for which the wearer needs support. Dealing with controls for soft-robotic exoskeleton one major difficulty is to find a compromise between saving energy and supporting the wearer. Having an action-depending control can reduce the supported actions to cover only relevant ones and increase the lifetime of the battery. The system conditions are to detect the user actions in real-time and distinguish between actions which require support and those which do not. We contribute an analysis and modification of human action recognition (HAR) benchmark algorithms from activities of the daily living, transferred them onto industrial use cases containing short and mid-term action and reduce the models to be compatible using embedded computers for real-time recognition on soft exoskeletons. We identified the most common challenges for inertial measurement units based HAR and compare the best-performing algorithms using a newly recorded data set overhead car assembly for industrial relevance. As a benchmark data set we focused on the"Opportunity" data set. By introducing orientation estimation, we were able to increase the F1 scores by up to 0.04. With an overall F1 score without a Null-class of up to 0.883, we were able to lay the foundation to use HAR for action dependent force support. © 2021 DAAAM International. A

关键词： Musculoskeletal system

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production environment of toMorrow (ProMo): Partially automated repair process of small tool moulds, forming tools, injection moulding tools and sand casting tools 13

Production environment of toMorrow (ProMo): Partially automa...

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13th International DAAAM Baltic Conference and 29th International Baltic Conference, BALTMATTRIB 2021

作者： Kuschan, Jan Müller, Vinzenz Mönchinger, Stephan Heimann, Oliver Niebuhr, Carsten Kabha, Oday Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany

Small defects in the grain or major damage to a moulded part or tool can bring production to a standstill. SMEs in particular have neither the personnel nor the equipment to repair such damage on their own, so they send it to specialised contractors. The repair process is carried out manually, depending on the accuracy requirements, and is usually completed by a finishing process. This work requires qualified personnel and, at the same time, requires a lot of time in case of larger damages. In this paper we present a way to map the Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) process chain in a partially automated manner. The symbiosis of individual technologies results in a significantly increased efficiency of the MRO process chain, which continues to focus on people and their process knowledge. While Directed Energy Deposition (DED) for the MRO of moulded parts is used widely, usually a high manual effort in measuring the component geometries and teaching of the machine tool paths is necessary. However, there are clear advantages compared to the manufacture of new parts or manual laser welding repair. At the same time, the resource and energy requirements can often be significantly reduced compared to new part production. ProMo focuses on automating the time-consuming machine programming by reducing the number of necessary work steps in CAD/CAM-based program creation. Based on a subsequent robot-guided scan, a digital actual 3D model is generated. Due to intelligent path planning algorithms, no manual programming of the robot is necessary and at the same time it is possible to detect components of different sizes, shapes and covers in this system with a minimum of effort. In addition, the operator passes on elementary information, such as the approach path of the milling head, to the subsequent processes by means of finger gestures and can thus significantly reduce tedious CAM programming steps. Now, the scanned component is transferred to a 3D-CAD model and a target

关键词： Computer aided design

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Sustainable product lifecycle management with Digital Twins: A systematic literature review

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 119卷 776-781页

作者： Anne Seegrün Thomas Kruschke Janine Mügge Louis Hardinghaus Tobias Knauf Theresa Riedelsheimer Kai Lindow Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

A Digital Twin (DT) is a virtual replica of a product or product-service system, which can be used to provide transparency of a product's sustainability and to positively influence the ecological impact throughout its lifecycle by means of intelligent data analytics. This paper identifies current sustainability-focused application scenarios of DTs in the manufacturing industry and outlines the results of a systematic literature review (SLR). The identification of the state-of-the-art and the assessment of current DT concepts with regard to the addressed product lifecycle phases, technological maturity and sustainability scope point towards key directions to guide future research.

关键词： Digital Twin Sustainability Product Lifecycle Circular Economy Manufacturing

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Use of adhesives in preloaded bolted connections for hot-dip galvanised constructions

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ce/papers 2023年第3-4期6卷 1325-1331页

作者： Mantik, Justus Glienke, Ralf Denkert, Christian Dörre, Maik Vallée, Till Fricke, Holger Henkel, Knuth-Michael Fraunhofer Institute for Large Structures in Production Engineering IGP Rostock Germany Wismar University of Applied Sciences: Technology Business and Design Wismar Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM Bremen Germany University Rostock Lehrstuhl für Fügetechnik Rostock Germany

Fatigue loaded structures in steel construction, e. g. bridges and towers of wind turbines, are preferably executed with slip-resistant connections since these connections are generally regarded as fatigue resistant. Nevertheless, the transferable shear loads are limited by the slip factor and the preload level in the bolts. With additionally applied adhesive on the friction surfaces, the so-called preloaded hybrid connection is formed. The related increase in load capacity considering various manufacturing influences is presented in the following article. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Ernst & Sohn GmbH.

关键词： Adhesives

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Surface modification of tungsten carbide cobalt tool electrodes by heat treatment under nitrogen atmosphere for electro-discharge drilling 23

Surface modification of tungsten carbide cobalt tool electro...

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23rd International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2023

作者： Uhlmann, E. Camin, B. Polte, J. Polte, M. Streckenbach, J. Dinh, N.C. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Faculty I Materials Engineering Hochschule Bremerhaven Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999132

The requirements for high-precision components for tool and mould-making, automotive and aerospace industries are constantly increasing. Due to the strong mechanical properties of the used materials, such as tool steels and nickel-based alloys, conventional cutting processes are not always suitable. Instead, electrical discharge machining is used for cutting electrically conductive materials. One challenge even today is debris formation, causing arcs and short-circuits in the lateral working gap. This applies particularly to electro-discharge drilling with high aspect ratios and increased difficulties of debris removal. This leads to increased process instability, tool wear and conicity as well as decreased material removal rates. To reduce the effects of arcing and short-circuits in the lateral working gap, tungsten carbide-cobalt tool electrodes with an outer diameter of dO = 1.5 mm were heat-treated to increase the electrical resistivity of the electrode's surface. For this purpose, two different ambient atmospheres were selected, a nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum in comparison. Subsequently, the modified tool electrodes were used to produce boreholes in tool steel of the type Elmax Superclean with a depth of et = 6.75 mm by electrodischarge drilling. The surface modification in the nitrogen atmosphere led to a slightly higher material removal rate and a decrease in the linear tool wear of the tool electrode by up to 6.67 % compared to an untreated reference electrode. © 2023 Euspen Headquarters.

关键词： Heat treatment

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Energy Management for Industrial Robots based on AutomationML

Energy Management for Industrial Robots based on AutomationM...

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International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Valentyn Petrichenko Gregor Thiele Department for Process Automation and Robotics Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Berlin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350373974

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373981

Motivated by political regulations and rising energy prices, companies strive for implementing energy management and for reducing their energy consumption. It is an expenditure of work for the energy manager to gather all relevant information about the facilities and machines (e.g. meaning of measurement and control signals, limits of these quantities, installed nominal capacities). In many cases, there is digital planning data from the planning, construction and commissioning phases. Using AutomationML, this information can be used collaboratively not only for engineering and maintenance but for energy monitoring and optimization. In this study, an industrial robot and two conveyors are integrated in the wide-spread energy management software suite EnEffCo. We document the method and results. Implications for deriving optimization formulations are discussed.

关键词： Service robots Industrial robots Software Regulation Planning Maintenance Energy management Information technology Optimization Monitoring

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A Practical Approach to Realize a Closed Loop Energy Demand Optimization of Milling Machine Tools in Series production 18th

A Practical Approach to Realize a Closed Loop Energy Demand ...

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18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, GCSM 2022

作者： Can, Alperen Schulz, Hendrik El-Rahhal, Ali Thiele, Gregor Krüger, Jörg Daimlerstraße 143 Mercedes-Benz AG Berlin12277 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascal-Straße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031288388

Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for industry. Many approaches for energy efficiency improvements lead to the purchase of new hardware, which could neglect the sustainability. Therefore, optimizing the energy demand of existing machine tools (MT) is a promising approach. Nowadays energy demand optimization of MT in series production is mainly done manually by the operators, based on implicit knowledge gained by experience. This involves manual checks to ensure that production targets like product quality or cycle time are met. With data analytics it is possible to check these production targets autonomously, which allows optimizing production systems data driven. This paper presents the approach and evaluation of a closed loop energy demand optimization of auxiliary units for milling MT during series production. The approach includes, inter alia, a concept for machine connectivity using edge devices and a concept for validating production targets. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Influence of Process Parameters and Die design on the Microstructure and Texture Development of Direct Extruded Magnesium Flat Products 14th

Influence of Process Parameters and Die Design on the Micros...

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14th International Conference on technology of Plasticity, ICTP 2023

作者： Nienaber, Maria Safieh, Nabil Bohlen, Jan Ben Khalifa, Noomane Institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Geesthacht Germany Institute for Production Technology and Systems Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031410222

A parametric study was carried out on the direct extrusion of magnesium flat products made of AZ31 and ZN10, in which the extrusion speed and the die geometry were varied. This leads to a change in recrystallization behavior (process temperature), material flow and strain path. The resulted microstructure and texture development were investigated using EBSD measurements. Additionally, a finite element model for AZ31 was developed based on the parametric study and later used helping to understand the material flow and strain path during the extrusion. The obtained knowledge is essential to optimize the die geometry and process parameters and allows a more controlled development of microstructure and texture during extrusion of magnesium. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Magnesium

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