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AI Based Image Segmentation of Cultural Heritage Objects used for Multi-View Stereo 3D Reconstructions

AI Based Image Segmentation of Cultural Heritage Objects use...

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2023 Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2023

作者： Kutlu, H. Brucker, F. Kallendrusch, B. Santos, P. Fellner, D.W. TU Darmstadt & Fraunhofer IGD Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038682172

Image segmentation (or masking) finds a very useful use case within 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage objects. The 3D reconstructions can be accelerated, reconstructing the object without any background noise. Conventional segmentation methods can calculate erroneous masks for certain objects and environments, which can lead to errors within the reconstruction: Parts of the 3D reconstruction may be missing or are incorrectly reconstructed, which contradicts adequate archiving. The automated iterative Multi-View Stereo (MVS) scanning process makes it necessary to obtain masks that reconstruct the object in the best possible way, regardless of the environment, the stabilizing mount, the color of the background and the object. In addition, it should not be necessary to tweak the best possible parameters for conventional masking procedures and to create masks manually. State-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation networks will be trained and applied to the MVS scans to verify the behavior of the associated 3D reconstructions and the automated iterative scanning process. In addition, a comparison between different AI segmentation networks and a comparison between conventional masking methods and AI segmentation networks is performed. © ISVR,2023 *** rights reserved

关键词： Image segmentation

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Integrating GPU-Accelerated Tetrahedral Mesh Editing and Simulation 1

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11th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, SIMULTECH 2021

作者： Ströter, Daniel Halm, Andreas Krispel, Ulrich Mueller-Roemer, Johannes S. Fellner, Dieter W. Interactive Graphics Systems Group TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer Austria Research GmbH Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization TU Graz Graz Austria Fraunhofer IGD Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783031231490

ISBN: (纸本)9783031231483

The use of computer-aided methods for the design of parts that must meet functional or stability requirements typically consists of an iterative cycle of design, physical simulation and testing or analysis, followed by redesign, etc. Each step is often performed with a domain-specific tool, e.g., a specific CAD modeling suite. This results in the need to convert the model representation between steps, such as meshing for finite element simulation for example. In recent work, a distributed application framework has been proposed that allows for the interactive modification and simulation of tetrahedral meshes derived from existing CAD models, e.g., to create customized versions of parts that were designed for mass production. This shortens the design cycle by eliminating the need for conversion and switching between tools. In this paper, we present a more detailed description and improvements to this architecture by using GPU parallelization not only for simulation but also for mesh editing, which leads to even shorter iteration cycles. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： computer aided design

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Automated classification of crests on pottery sherds using pattern recognition on 2D images

Automated classification of crests on pottery sherds using p...

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20th Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2022

作者： Ritz, M. Santos, P. Fellner, D.W. Fraunhofer IGD Germany TU-Darmstadt Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038681786

Manual classification of artefacts is a labor intensive process. Based on 2D images and 3D scans of - for example - ceramic shards, we developed a pattern recognition algorithm which automatically extracts relief features for each newly recorded object and tries to automate the classification process. Based on characteristics found, previously unknown objects are automatically corelated to already classified objects of a collection exhibiting the greatest similarity. As a result, classes of artefacts form iteratively, which ultimately also corresponds to the overall goal which is the automated classification of entire collections. The greatest challenge in developing our software approach was the heterogeneity of reliefs, and in particular the fact that current machine learning approaches were out of question due to the very limited number of objects per class. This led to the implementation of an analytical approach that is capable of performing a classification based on very few artefacts. © ISVR,2023 *** rights reserved

关键词： Iterative methods

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GraMMaCAD: INTERACTIVELY DEFINING SPATIALLY VARYING FGMS ON BREP CAD MODELS

GraMMaCAD: INTERACTIVELY DEFINING SPATIALLY VARYING FGMS ON ...

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ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2022

作者： Luu, Thu Huong Altenhofen, Christian Stork, André Fellner, Dieter TU Darmstadt Interactive Graphics Systems Group Darmstadt64283 Germany Fraunhofer IGD Darmstadt64283 Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9780791886212

Additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled control over heterogeneous materials and structures in ways that were not previously possible, including functionally graded materials (FGM). However, typical computer aided design (CAD) systems – mainly based on boundary representations (B-Rep) – are not built for modeling and representing spatially varying material information, which are the key features for designing FGM parts. While volumetric representations (V-Rep) such as tetrahedral or hexahedral meshes, trivariate splines or subdivision solids can hold the necessary FGM information, they are by default not compatible with existing CAD models. Thus, the capabilities of AM motivate enhancing CAD systems to support volumetric material allocation and distribution. We present an interactive, intuitive and efficient interaction concept based on grading features and transition functions for augmenting CAD models with smooth volumetric material gradients for multi-material fabrication using our system called GraMMaCAD (Graded Multi-Material CAD). This concept has the advantage of being extremely versatile, since the material property functions are left to the arbitrariness of the user, who is free to modify their definition as needed. By providing interactive preview modes, the system allows for efficient exploration of the volumetric gradation of the designed FGM part. We fabricated two functional examples that demonstrate the usability of the system and show the ability to quickly augment models with functionally graded material transitions. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： Functionally graded materials

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Profiling and Visualizing GPU Memory Access and Cache Behavior of Ray Tracers

Profiling and Visualizing GPU Memory Access and Cache Behavi...

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22nd Eurographics Symposium on Parallel graphics and visualization, EGPGV 2022

作者： von Buelow, Max Riemann, Kai Guthe, Stefan Fellner, Dieter W. Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Germany Fraunhofer IGD Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038681755

Graphical processing units (GPUs) have gained popularity in recent years due to their efficiency in running massively parallel applications. Recent developments have also adapted ray-tracing algorithms to the GPU, where the bottleneck in the overall performance is usually given by the memory bandwidth. In this paper, we present an interactive, web-based visualization tool for GPU memory traces that provides visual insight into the memory and cache behavior of our reference ray tracer, by mapping internal GPU state back onto 3D objects. In order to visualize cache behavior, we use reuse distances on both GPU cache layers that are calculated on the basis of memory traces extracted from a real GPU using binary instrumentation. An advantage of our system is that it runs independently of the ray-tracing program. We further show visualizations of our GPU ray tracer and compare the visualizations of several ray-tracing approaches. We find our work to act as a convenient toolset to gather insights on which data structures and mesh regions can be cached efficiently, and how ray-tracing acceleration structures behave on various input meshes, bounding volume hierarchies, memory layouts, frame buffer resolutions, and work distribution techniques. © 2022 The Author(s) Eurographics Proceedings © 2022 The Eurographics Association.

关键词： visualization

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Fully Automatic Mechanical Scan Range Extension and Signal to Noise Optimization of a Lens-Shifted Structured Light System

Fully Automatic Mechanical Scan Range Extension and Signal t...

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2021 Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, EG GCH 2021

作者： Kutlu, H. Ritz, M. Santos, P. Fellner, D.W. Fraunhofer IGD Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria TU Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783038681410

Digitization of cultural heritage is of growing importance, both for its preservation for coming generations in the face of looming dangers of natural decay or intentional destruction, and current generations, that increasingly have access to virtual cultural heritage for interactive exploring or scientific analysis. These goals can only be achieved by 3D replicas at reasonable quality and resolution, to come as close as possible to the original. This brings about several challenges to overcome. The challenge of digitizing huge numbers of artefacts is addressed by CultLab3D, the first fully automatic 3D digitization system. Another challenge is the size of objects, as each digitization system is designed for a certain optimum measurement range, leaving which results in loss of quality. Due to optical and mechanical constraints, most systems are not able to faithfully reconstruct objects under a certain size limit in their full geometric detail. Historic coins are one good example, where the deterioration of the surface structure in most cases has progressed to a degree that it not even is perceptible through the fingernail. This challenge is addressed by a modular extension of CultLab3D, the MesoScanner, which is a structured light system that breaks limits in depth resolution through a mechanical lens-shifting extension, allowing physically shifting of fringe patterns on top of the well-known multi-period phase shift method. This is where this work adds two major improvements: First, the signal to noise ratio and thus reconstruction quality has been improved significantly through several algorithmic processing steps. Second, the physical limitation of the measurement range was removed using a 2D actuator steering the object mount, thus allowing for a measurement range at theoretically arbitrary size. This opens up the fully automatic handling of two scenarios: Complete digitization of objects exceeding the measurement range, and unsupervised digitization of large c

关键词： Deterioration

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Automated 3D mass digitization for the GLAM sector

Automated 3D mass digitization for the GLAM sector

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Archiving 2020 Online: Digitization, Preservation, and Access

作者： Santos, Pedro Tausch, Reimar Domajnko, Matevz Ritz, Martin Knuth, Martin Fellner, Dieter Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research TU-Darmstadt Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

The European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st century has led to an increased demand for fast, efficient and faithful 3D digitization technologies for cultural heritage artefacts. Yet, unlike the digital acquisition of cultural goods in 2D which is widely used and automated today, 3D digitization often still requires significant manual intervention, time and money. To overcome this, the authors have developed CultLab3D, the world's first fully automatic 3D mass digitization technology for collections of three-dimensional objects. 3D scanning robots such as the CultArm3D-P are specifically designed to automate the entire 3D digitization process thus allowing to capture and archive objects on a large-scale and produce highly accurate photo-realistic representations. © 2020 Society for Imaging Science and Technology

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End-to-end Color 3D reproduction of cultural heritage artifacts: Roseninsel replicas

End-to-end Color 3D reproduction of cultural heritage artifa...

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2019 Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2019

作者： Domajnko, M. Tanksale, T. Tausch, R. Ritz, M. Knuth, M. Santos, P. Fellner, D.W. TU Darmstadt and Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680826

Planning exhibitions of cultural artifacts is always challenging. Artifacts can be very sensitive to the environment and therefore their display can be risky. One way to circumvent this is to build replicas of these artifacts. Here, 3D digitization and reproduction, either physical via 3D printing or virtual, using computer graphics, can be the method of choice. For this use case we present a workflow, from photogrammetric acquisition in challenging environments to representation of the acquired 3D models in different ways, such as online visualization and color 3D printed replicas. This work can also be seen as a first step towards establishing a workflow for full color end-to-end reproduction of artifacts. Our workflow was applied on cultural artifacts found around the "Roseninsel" (Rose Island), an island in Lake Starnberg (Bavaria), in collaboration with the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Munich. We demonstrate the results of the end-to-end reproduction workflow leading to virtual replicas (online 3D visualization, virtual and augmented reality) and physical replicas (3D printed objects). In addition, we discuss potential optimizations and briefly present an improved state-of-the-art 3D digitization system for fully autonomous acquisition of geometry and colors of cultural heritage objects. © 2019 Eurographics Association.

关键词： Color

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Lossless compression of multi-view cultural heritage image data

Lossless compression of multi-view cultural heritage image d...

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2019 Eurographics Workshop on graphics and Cultural Heritage, GCH 2019

作者： Buelow, Max Von Guthe, Stefan Ritz, Martin Santos, Pedro Fellner, Dieter W. TU Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer IGD Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680826

Photometric multi-view 3D geometry reconstruction and material capture are important techniques for cultural heritage digitalization. Capturing images of artifacts with high resolution and high dynamic range and the possibility to store them losslessly enables future proof application of this data. As the images tend to consume immense amounts of storage, compression is essential for long time archiving. In this paper, we present a lossless image compression approach for multi-view and material reconstruction datasets with a strong focus on data created from cultural heritage digitalization. Our approach achieves compression rates of 2:1 compared against an uncompressed representation and 1.24:1 when compared against Gzip. © 2019 Eurographics Association.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Direct limit volumes: Constant-time limit evaluation for Catmull-clark solids 26

Direct limit volumes: Constant-time limit evaluation for Cat...

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26th Pacific Conference on computer graphics and Applications, Pacific graphics 2018

作者： Altenhofen, C. Müller, J. Weber, D. Stork, A. Fellner, D.W. Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD Darmstadt Germany Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Graz University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783038680734

We present a novel approach for efficient limit volume evaluation on Catmull-Clark (CC) subdivision solids. Although several analogies exist between subdivision surfaces and subdivision volumes, extending Stam’s limit evaluation technique from 2 to 3 dimensions is not straightforward, as irregularities and boundaries introduce new challenges in the volumetric case. We present new direct evaluation techniques for irregular volumetric topologies and boundary cells, which allow for calculating the limit of CC subdivision solids at arbitrary parameter values in constant time. Evaluation of limit points is a central aspect when using CC solids for applications such as simulation and multi-material additive manufacturing, or as a compact volumetric representation scheme for continuous scalar fields. We demonstrate that our approach is faster than existing evaluation techniques for every topological configuration or target parameter (u, v, w) that requires more than two local subdivision steps. © 2018 The Author(s).

关键词： Topology

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