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Waste Reduction by Product-Quality Based Scheduling in Food Processing

Procedia CIRP 2016年 40卷 584-589页

作者： Marcel Wagner Stefan Kaluschke Fabian Keller Gunther Reinhart Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Beim Glaspalast 5 86153 Augsburg Germany

Related to resource efficiency waste reduction is the crucial point in the processing of food. As shown in different Food Waste Studies the amount of waste in food processing is enormous. Up to 400.000 metric tons of edible food is disposed every year caused by wrong treatment, handling and processing. Processing is the major point to deal with. In the case of manual processing in a cantina kitchen waste can be classified into waste associated with overproduction, product damages or technical interruptions. To reduce the amount of loss by using technical solutions it is possible to reduce up to 60 % of loss during the processing. Related to the product itself the automation and especially the scheduling of the processes in a commercial kitchen is more complex than the scheduling of standard products e.g. in the automotive sector. This article shows a solution to extend the criteria of production planning within an automated food processing environment. The paper introduces a product model that prescribes the progress of product quality while processing.

关键词： Scheduling Quality Food Processing

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Investigation of Turning Elastomers Assisted with Cryogenic Cooling

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 40卷 631-636页

作者： M. Putz M. Dix M. Neubert G. Schmidt R. Wertheim Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes (IWP) Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Germany

Elastomer components are normally produced by a molding process. When it comes to small batch sizes this becomes inefficient due to the expensive production of the molding tool, and machining is an economic alternative. However, due to the very low Young's modulus elastomers are difficult to machine. The investigated approach to enhance machinability was to use cryogenic cooling during cutting elastomer components, changing their mechanical properties. Experiments in turning show that elastomers do not respond like ordinary metal materials. Hence this study is conducted to describe the effects occurring during turning elastomers assisted with cryogenic cooling. Therefore extensive tests were carried out to determine the material characteristics. Forces and tool temperatures were measured in turning tests. A rise in tangential cutting force by approximately 30% compared to dry machining verifies the change in material properties at very low temperatures. This correlates with the measured tensile strength at different temperatures. The examined surface integrity and the formed chips confirm the improvement in machinability under cryogenic conditions as a result of lower material deformation. In addition the friction between tool and chip was evaluated by applying a temperature dependent friction law.

关键词： Cutting Cryogenic machining hard-to-cut materials

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An integrated approach for industrial robot control and programming combining haptic and non-haptic gestures

An integrated approach for industrial robot control and prog...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Johannes Hügle Jens Lambrecht Jörg Krüger Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Industrial Automation Technology of the Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management at Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstr Berlin Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr Berlin

We present a hybrid programming method for industrial robots combining advantages of manual haptic guidance of the end-effector and programming approaches using non-haptic pointing gestures for the spatial definition of poses and trajectories. Whereas the bare-hand spatial interaction can be implemented and performed cost- and time-efficiently but lacks accuracy, haptic-interaction is more time-consuming but it is used in a reduced manner in order to enable a highly-accurate refinement of target working poses. Additionally, the user is supported by a mobile Augmented Reality simulation providing spatial validation of the robot program, program management and transmission towards the robot controller. The implementation is realized by a compliance control based on a sensor mounted between flange and end-effector combined with our former introduced approach for spatial programming. We conducted a user study comparing Teach-In and Offline programming. The analysis shows a significant reduction of programming duration as well as a reduction of programming errors compared with Teach-In. Most participants favor the hybrid programming system. No significant differences for the programming duration could be determined between experts and non-experts. In comparison between haptic and non-haptic interaction, non-experts favor non-haptic interaction due to the higher intuitiveness of pointing gestures compared to direct physical interaction.

关键词： Programming Robot sensing systems Haptic interfaces Service robots Trajectory Mobile communication

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Modeling of the Electrochemical Dissolution Process for a Two-phase Material in a Passivating Electrolyte System

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Procedia CIRP 2017年 58卷 169-174页

作者： F. Klocke S. Harst F. Karges M. Zeis A. Klink Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University Steinbachstraße 19 52074 Aachen Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstraße 17 52074 Aachen Germany

The macroscopic shaping process in electrochemical machining can be forecasted within industrial manufacturing tolerances by means of numerical methods. However, the evolution of surface microstructure is rarely taken into account by existing models. With regard to the achievable surface integrity including surface roughness the microstructure is a crucial factor, especially for multi-phase materials. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach for modeling the anodic dissolution process for an alloy containing at least two phases. The model characterizes the electrochemical process with nonlinear electronic elements and will allow the forecast of the evolution of machined surfaces of two-phase materials.

关键词： ECM Two-phase Material Process Simulation 42CrMo4

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Full penetration hybrid laser arc welding of up to 28 mm thick S355 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1109卷

作者： Ömer Üstündag Vjaceslav Avilov Andrey Gumenyuk Michael Rethmeier Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Germany

The laser hybrid welding process offers many advantages regarding deep penetration, increased welding velocity and with the help of the supplied filler wire an improved bridgeability to gap and misalignment tolerances. High power laser systems with a power of approx. 30 kW are already available on the market. Nevertheless, multi-layer technology with an arc process is still used for welding of plates from a thickness from 20 mm. A potential cause is the process instability with increasing laser power. It is inevitable that gravity drop-out due to the high hydrostatic pressure at increasing wall thickness especially at welding in flat position and with a low welding speed. The surface tension decreases with increasing root width resulting from low welding velocities. To prevent such inadmissible defects of the seam a use of weld pool support is required. Usual weld pool support systems such as ceramic or powder supports require a mechanical detachment which is time-consuming. The electromagnetic weld pool support system described in this work shows an alternative weld pool support which works contactless. It is based on generating Lorentz forces in the weld pool due to oscillating magnetic field and induced eddy currents. This innovative technology offers single pass welds up to 28 mm in flat position and reduced welding velocity with a laser power of just 19 kW. It also leads to improved mechanical-technological properties of the seams because of the slow cooling rate. With usage of an electromagnetic weld pool support the limitation of the hybrid laser arc welding process in the thick sheet metal will be extend.

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Autonomous Disassembly of Electric Vehicle Motors Based on Robot Cognition

Autonomous Disassembly of Electric Vehicle Motors Based on R...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

作者： Mohamad Bdiwi Aquib Rashid Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467380270

This research work proposes a robotized workstation for automatic disassembly of electric vehicle motors. A novel image processing algorithm is proposed for autonomous detection of motor screws, to automate the task of motor disassembly. Instead of having a database of templates for matching, the screws are detected based on their characteristics with respect to its grayscale, depth and HSV values. Furthermore, with frame iterations, the accuracy of the system is increased mean while reducing its runtime. The algorithm is successfully tested and implemented and yields highly accurate results.

关键词： Disassembly Electric Vehicle

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3D analysis in laser beam melting based on real-time process monitoring

3D analysis in laser beam melting based on real-time process...

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Materials Science and technology Conference and Exhibition 2016, MS and T 2016

作者： Toeppel, Thomas Schumann, Philipp Ebert, Marie-Christin Bokkes, Tobias Funke, Kerstin Werner, Michael Zeulner, Fabian Bechmann, Florian Herzog, Frank Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Noethnitzer Str. 44 Dresden01187 Germany Concept Laser GmbH An der Zeil 8 Lichtenfels96215 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510833142

In the course of increasing application of laser beam melting (LBM) technology for series production, LBM process monitoring becomes more and more important for quality control during and after the production process. Especially for safety-relevant parts, such as aircraft and motorsport components or medical implants, process robustness and quality assurance is basic assumption for a wide adoption of LBM technology in these industries. Furthermore, real-time monitoring is fundamental for self-regulating process control of LBM machines. But before that, extensive research on interrelations between sensor signals and process conditions need to be done. In this contribution, newest results on process failure and defect detection using Concept Laser's coaxial IR camera and photodiode based QM Meltpool 3D are addressed. This systems newest 3D feature, providing a detailed 3D landscape of position-related meltpool characteristics, is compared to CT inspection data. Hence, advantages for part inspection and it's usage in research are presented. Copyright © 2016 MS&T16®.

关键词： Process monitoring

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Intelligent Pattern Recognition of a SLM machine Process and Sensor Data

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Procedia CIRP 2017年 62卷 464-469页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Rodrigo Pastl Pontes Abdelhakim Laghmouchi André Bergmann Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin - Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

Selective Laser Melting is an additive manufacturing process, in which the research has been increasing over the past few years to meet customer-specific requirements. Therefore, new manufacturing parameters have been monitored raising the number of sensors in the machines. Consequently, it leads to a bigger amount of data and difficulties to perform manual data analysis. In order to improve the analysis, this paper illustrates a possibility of pattern recognition using a different historical process and sensors data from a SLM machine. The results are evaluated using an intelligent tool for algorithms configuration and data analysis developed at fraunhofer IPK.

关键词： Pattern recognition data analysis SLM additive manufacturing sensor data

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Intrinsic manufacture and design of positive locking fibre reinforced thermoplastic metal hollow structures 17

Intrinsic manufacture and design of positive locking fibre r...

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17th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2016

作者： Barfuss, D. Grützner, R. Garthaus, C. Gude, M. Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology Technische Universität Dresden Holbeinstr. 3 Dresden01307 Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783000533877

In contrast to common and classical joining technologies for composite metal hybrid structures such as bonding and riveting, profile and contour joints offer promising potential for novel lightweight structures. First and foremost, joining systems with a form closure function enable to pass very high loads into rod- and tube-shaped fibre reinforced structures, whereby a high degree of material utilization for composite parts can be achieved. This paper presents an intrinsic manufacturing approach for the efficient production of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic hollow composite structures with multi scale structured metallic load introduction elements. © 2016, European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manufacture

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Flexible IT-platform to Synchronize Energy Demands with Volatile Markets

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Procedia CIRP 2017年 63卷 318-323页

作者： Dennis Bauer Eberhard Abele Raphael Ahrens Thomas Bauernhansl Gilbert Fridgen Matthias Jarke Fabian Keller Robert Keller Jaroslav Pullmann René Reiners Gunther Reinhart Daniel Schel Michael Schöpf Philipp Schraml Peter Simon Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute of Production Management Technology and Machine Tools Technische Universität Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Straße 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT Schloss Birlinghoven 53754 Sankt Augustin Germany Fraunhofer Research Institution for Casting Composite and Processing Technology IGCV Beim Glaspalast 5 86153 Augsburg Germany

Based on the goal of exiting nuclear and fossil energies within the electricity generation, the percentage of renewable energies in the energy mix rises. Due to renewable energies’ dependence on natural resources like sun or wind this development leads to a volatile energy supply on the markets. To satisfy their customers’ needs even with a volatile energy supply, especially companies of the manufacturing sector need to consider this development. Production processes need to be developed further to be more energy efficient and to be adaptable in their energy demand to volatile supply. This includes being operable on various power levels or with different kinds of energy such as electricity or gas. Energy-flexible production processes need to be supported by flexible IT solutions. While there are already solutions for demand-side-management on the company side as well as on the market side, there are no holistic solutions yet, allowing for integration regardless of company or market boundaries. Therefore, this paper presents the concept of a service-oriented architecture for a flexible IT-platform to synchronize energy demands with volatile markets. A holistic approach allows for integration of companies as well as energy markets and enables an automated and efficient exploitation of demand response potentials.

关键词： Digital Manufacturing System Energy efficiency Flexibility

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