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Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies

作者： Neugebauer, Reimund Bucht, Andre Pagel, Kenny Jung, Jakob Fraunhofer-Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480606

Problems in using shape memory alloys (SMA) in industrial applications are often caused by the fragmentary knowledge of the complex activation behavior. To solve this problem, fraunhofer IWU developed a Matlab(R)-based simulation tool to emulate the properties of a SMA wire based on the energy balance. The contained terms result of the characteristic material behavior combined with thermal, electrical, and mechanical conditions. Model validation is performed by laboratory tests. It is shown that there is almost no difference between the measured and the simulated actuator movement. Due to the good quality of the model it is possible to use it in a control loop. Knowing current and voltage enables the computation of the electrical resistance of the actuator and can therefore be used for feedback control. Implementation of the results into industrial applications is exemplified by integration of an actuator in a flap as used in air condition systems of cars. Furthermore, the SMA-based drive will be compared to an electromechanical drive.

关键词： Shape-Memory-Alloy modeling control self-sensing automotive

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New approach for risk analysis and management in medical engineering

New approach for risk analysis and management in medical eng...

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Annual Symposium on Reliability and Maintainability (RAMS)

作者： Robert Schmitt Thomas Zentis Department of Metrology and Quality Management Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Aachen Germany

Risk management in its current form does not fulfill today's requirements for enterprises in risk-sensitive industries. Risks resulting from well-known boundary conditions, such as shorter development times, a higher number of variants or global markets can just be identified inadequately by existing methods. In particular the increased product complexity, e. g. in the medical engineering branch, makes it difficult for companies to assess risks correctly and individual persons are less able to judge a product thoroughly. To improve the risk management process the iFEM-me thod (innovative function effect modeling) was developed, which is a new approach to identify and assess risks. First of all, critical risk areas are identified by the creation of a tree that visualizes the actual state of a complete technological system. After that, these critical risk areas are analyzed by an object model and a function-effect model. The result is a comprehensive risk inventory in which the cause and assessment for each of the risks have been defined. These results can be directly addressed through an effective risk mi tigation. The validation of iFEM was carried out in an enterprise from the medical engineering industries. The results were structured and documented so that the information could be used to improve the method. iFEM is a suitable method to model an overall system for the multidisciplinary analysis of a complex product. It permits a common understanding of a system and combines manufacturing and operational processes with system functions and inherent risks. The benefits of iFEM are the systematical risk identification of inconsistencies and expansion of employee's system understanding.

关键词： Risk management Analytical models Complexity theory Visualization Biomedical imaging Helium

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Self-Optimizing Flexible Assembly Systems

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Computer technology and Application 2011年第5期2卷 333-343页

作者： Robert Schmitt Peter Loosen Christian Brecher Alberto Pavim Max Funck Valentin Morasch Alexander Gatej Nicolas Pyschny Sebastian Haag Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany Chair for Technology of Optical Systems TOS RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Laser Technology ILT Aachen 52074 Germany Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Technology IPT Aachen 52074 Germany

Today＇s production systems are demanded to exhibit an increased flexibility and mutability in order to deal with dynamically changing conditions, objectives and an increasing number of product variants within industrial turbulent environments. Flexible automated systems are requested in order to improve dynamic production efficiency, e.g. robot-based hardware and PC-based controllers, but these usually induce a significantly higher production complexity, whereby the efforts for planning and programming, but also setups and reconfiguration, expand. In this paper a definition and some concepts of self-optimizing assembly systems are presented to describe possible ways to reduce the planning efforts in complex production systems. The concept of self-optimization in assembly systems will be derived from a theoretical approach and will be transferred to a specific application scenario---the automated assembly of a miniaturized solid state laser--where the challenges of unpredictable influences from e.g. component tolerances can be overcome by the help of self-optimization.

关键词： Flexible assembly systems self-optimization multi agent systems cognition tolerance matching sensor data fusion.

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Design methodology for innovative hybrid manufacturing technologies

Design methodology for innovative hybrid manufacturing techn...

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International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising

作者： Andreas Roderburg Kai Gerhardt Christian Hinke Hong-Seok Park Steffen Buchholz Fritz Klocke Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Metal Forming IBF RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Laser Technology ILT Aachen Germany School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering University of Ulsan South Korea

Current research activities in the field of manufacturing technology design increasingly focus on integrated approaches for process performance enhancements. As in many process development activities, systematic design methodologies are either not applied or even unknown in such instances. The main problem in such research efforts of finding integrated solutions is getting the relevant information or knowledge. The technology knowledge which has to be integrated for such new technology designs often is not available. Thus the availability of knowledge about the mechanisms of different manufacturing processes has to be improved in order to find new interdisciplinary (hybrid) process solutions. This article introduces a methodology approach for a systematic design of integrated technology solutions such as hybrid manufacturing processes.

关键词： Manufacturing processes Laser applications Laser beams Materials Design methodology

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Methods for Determining Coating's Strength Properties Changes After Inducing Plastic or Elastic Residual Stresses

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Procedia Engineering 2011年 19卷 34-39页

作者： K.-D. Bouzakis G. Skordaris E. Bouzakis Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki GR-54124 Greece Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) GR-57001 Thessaloniki Greece and Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology (IPT) D-52074 Aachen Germany

If the film of a coated part deforms plastically due to operational loads, residual stresses (RS) develop in the coating after the load removal. In this way, the film mechanical properties change induced by endogenous reasons, i.e. by the coating crystalline structure plastic deformation. Moreover, if only the substrate deforms plastically, the coating remains elastically deformed during the relaxation, due to the substrate RS. In this case, the film residual RS-changes are caused by exogenous parameters, i.e by the permanent substrate deformation. In the paper, novel experimental-analytical methods, based on nanoindentation and FEM calculations are introduced to determine film RS-changes, when the coating is deformed plastically as for example after micro-blasting, or elastically due to substrate plastic deformation as for instance after the ball penetration into the coated specimen during the impact test.

关键词： PVD coating Hardness Micro-blasting

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Mitigating technical risks by creative problem solving approaches

Mitigating technical risks by creative problem solving appro...

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Annual Symposium on Reliability and Maintainability (RAMS)

作者： Robert Schmitt Alexandra Ottong Hans Gut Department of Metrology and Quality Management Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Aachen Germany MAN Diesel and Turbo SE Zurich Switzerland

The more intensive the competition, the more a company's success depends on its ability to improve and renew its processes. Increasing complexity and interconnectedness of structure and process within production-related areas underline this. Risk oriented management becomes more and more important against the background of increasingly dynamic markets and the rising complexity within the corporate environment. Increasing international interdependence in all business areas and attendant worldwide distribution of most products do not only increase the possible scale of damage, but also the consequences. Especially the risk situation of manufacturers of risk sensitive products has intensified within recent years. Cost intensive field and product recalls accumulate. The direct resulting costs due to not detected risks may be of immense proportions and, in extreme cases, jeopardize the basis of existence for some companies.

关键词： Risk management Companies Optimization Production Fault diagnosis Metrology

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Embossing of double-sided micro lens arrays in optical glass 10

Embossing of double-sided micro lens arrays in optical glass

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10th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2010

作者： Schubert, Andreas Edelmann, Jan Burkhardt, Thomas Fraunhofer Institute Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780955308284

With the newly developed technology and hot embossing system presented, the manufacturing of double-sided precision optical lens arrays is possible (fig. 1 and fig. 2). The new process offers interesting options to optical designers, for example for homogenization optics. The substitution of a classical condenser optic by a monolithic honeycomb condenser lens array leads to a noticeably shorter optical system and assembly operations are substantially reduced. With multiple lenslets on both sides of the array, an image field is illuminated homogeneously with high efficiency (fig. 3). Apart from the process development for a complete replication of the cavities and the correction of form deviations between mould and glass, it was necessary to develop a tool system for aligned double-sided hot embossing. Positioning and guidance principles had to be examined and means for a uniform tempering of the flat glass wafer as well as for securing a safe demoulding after hot embossing were investigated. © euspen Headquarters.

关键词： Optical glass

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Interactive online process management and quality control for cross-sited production process chains

Interactive online process management and quality control fo...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

作者： Peter Becker Robert Schmitt Department of Production Quality and Metrology Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Germany Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering Department of Metrology and Quality Management RWTH Aachen University Germany

In our globalized world, cross-sited production process chains are key elements to manufacture cost and resource efficiently and seem to be well established in today's industries. But to produce cross-sited, highly sophisticated production planning between different process steps has to be established to guarantee high quality. To achieve this, process chains and their interfaces have to be well coordinated, managed and quality standards continuously controlled. Specially small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) do have difficulties with world wide coordination of their production. Therefore, this paper will give a comprehensive description of how such tasks can be approached and will introduce an interactive-internet based management tool that enables a smooth cross-sited production.

关键词： Production Process control Systematics Lenses Collaboration Schedules

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Influence of Structuring by Abrasive Machining on the Tribological Properties of Workpiece Surfaces

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Procedia Engineering 2011年 19卷 363-370页

作者： E. Uhlmann T. Borsoi Klein L. Hochschild C. Bäcker Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8 - 9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institut for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8 - 9 10587 Berlin Germany

Surface structuring of workpieces has a significant influence on the tribological properties of contact partners and can therefore lead to a significant increase of the life time of components [1] . To identify an appropriate surface structure, analytical and experimental investigations were done at the institute for machine tools and Factory Management (IWF) in order to improve the tribological properties in the contact area appreciably. To validate the theoretical analyses, technological investigations were carried out. 3D-surface structures were created on workpiece surfaces by varying process variables for a high speed 5-axes machine system to generate knowledge for developing defined surface structures by using kinematically modified grinding processes. Initial results show a positive influence of defined surface structures on the performance of contact partners.

关键词： Grinding Kinematic Structure Tribology

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A Method for Integrating Finite Element Results in a Surgical Planning Software for Evaluating Stent Graft Properties in Endovascular Surgery

A Method for Integrating Finite Element Results in a Surgica...

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2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics(第四届生物医学工程与信息学国际会议 BMEI 2011)

作者： S. von Sachsen F.W. Mohr CD. Etz B. Senf R. Neugebauer H.-J. Florek Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS) Faculty of Medicine University of Leipzig Leipz Herzzentrum Leipzig GmbH Universitatsklinik Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technologies Dresden Germany WeiBeritztal-Kliniken GmbH Clinic for Vascular Surgery Freital Germany

Abdominal aortic reconstruction using a stent graft is used especially in high-risk patients. However, this procedure poses the risk of migration and leakage, which could require follow-up interventions. One approach that is being considered to reduce these post-operative complications, is the provision of a finite-element model for better evaluation of graft configurations with respect to maximum attainable fixing force and sealing potential, which aids vascular medicine specialists in graft selection. This article presents a method for integrating and evaluating the calculation results of a finiteelement simulation in a planning software. The requirements an evaluation module has to meet were defined jointly with vascular medicine specialists. Based on this, relevant data from the ANSYS simulation software were exported using an APDL script and provided in the form of an applicationspecific plug-in using the C++ based Medical Interaction Imaging Toolkit (MITK) development environment. The module developed for evaluating FE results obtained within a surgical software enables user-controlled visualization of outcome variables that are relevant for planning and a selection of data for comparing multiple calculated graft variants.

关键词： Surgical Planning Computer Aided Surgery Finite-Element Analysis Endovascular Surgery

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