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12th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, LANE 2022

作者： Bakir, Nasim Üstündag, Ömer Gumenyuk, Andrey Rethmeier, Michael Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany

Solidification cracking is still a serious problem in laser beam welding, especially in the welding of thick-walled plates. The influence of weld pool geometry on solidification cracking in partial penetration welding of thick plates is investigated within scope of this study. Therefore, a specific experimental setup of steel and quartz glass in butt configuration and on the side with high-speed camera were used to record the weld pool shape. In addition, the influence of laser inclination angle on the weld pool geometry and on solidification crack formation was investigated. The results show a bulge in the weld pool root, which is separated from an upper region by a necking region. This leads to a case where there are three different longitudinal region lengths with different solidification zones. This temporal sequence of solidification strongly promotes the formation of solidification cracks in the weld root. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Laser beam welding

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Experiment-based conceptualization of an automated disassembly process chain for the recycling of lithium-ion battery modules

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 127卷 249-254页

作者： Timo Hölter Fynn Hendrik Dierksen Klaus Dröder TU Braunschweig Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology Langer Kamp 19b 38106 Braunschweig Germany TU Braunschweig Battery LabFactory Braunschweig Langer Kamp 8 38106 Braunschweig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Riedenkamp 2 38108 Braunschweig Germany

As the volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric vehicles increases, so does the demand for recycling to recover valuable active materials as secondary resources, reducing the need for primary raw materials and minimizing supply dependencies. In addition to pyro- and hydrometallurgy recycling processes, an increasingly examined approach is the direct recycling route, which involves disassembling battery systems into modules, modules to cells, and ultimately cells to electrodes. To minimize passive materials such as various metals from the housing, joints, arresters, plastics, foams, and adhesives in the subsequent crushed mass, the introduction of module disassembly processes into the existing LIB recycling process chain is promising for the resulting increase in recyclate purity. This study presents the conceptualization of a LIB module disassembly process chain which aims to elevate the depth of disassembly of LIB during early recycling stages. A reverse engineering approach is used to recover individual cells from two battery modules of one specific automotive manufacturer by removing their casing through milling and disconnecting the cells from the arresters. The experimental results are analyzed for influences on the disassembly possibilities for individual components as well as the interactions within the system, enabling the elaboration of a priority graph and a disassembly plan. In order to allow for scalable recycling process chains suitable for very high quantities, a concept for a fully automated and variant-compatible robot application based on the experiment is derived. Furthermore, the depth of disassembly is compared with the corresponding reduction of passive materials in the crushed mass. The findings indicate that several module components can be disassembled, resulting in cell recovery and a reduction of metal and plastic in the crushed mass by about 17 %, highlighting the importance of robotic disassembly in enhancing mat

关键词： Lithium-Ion Batteries Recycling Automated Disassembly Robot-based Automation Reverse Engineering

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Reaming of carbon fibre reinforced plastics: Influence of tool geometry on process forces and tool wear

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 99卷 409-413页

作者： Konstantin Sauer Matthias Putz Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Strasse 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Due to the high abrasive wear and the tendency to workpiece damages, the manufacturing of high-quality bores in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) is still one of the major goals in tool development. In this work, reaming tests are performed on CFRP in order to characterise the relationship between tool geometry, process forces and tool wear. After a preliminary investigation of a taper reamer, diverse carbide tools have been tested which exhibit different values of rake and clearance angle. The forces measurement took place using a rotating dynamometer, while the evaluation of the tool wear has been realised by microscopic images via structured light projection. Different forms of wear appear, while hardly any differences in the force curves can be detected when applying different angles of the cutting wedge.

关键词： Drilling Reaming CFRP Bore quality Tool wear

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Data Mining Approach for Device Detection using Power Signatures and Manufacturing Execution System Data 55

Data Mining Approach for Device Detection using Power Signat...

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55th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, CIRP CMS 2022

作者： Lindner, Marija Leiden, Alexander Abraham, Tim Herrmann, Christoph Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology Sustainable Manufacturing and Life Cycle Engineering Langer Kamp 19b Braunschweig38106 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Bienroder Weg 54 e Braunschweig38108 Germany

Condition monitoring plays an important role in production systems, since a failure of a single device could block the whole production line. State-of-the-art technologies such as vibration monitoring, acoustic emission technique, shock pulse method or similar are often applied through a variety of sensors in order to monitor a big amount of different devices. However, such multi-sensor deployment requires not only high investment and high effort, but qualified personnel resources for the analysis of the various data, especially when it comes to a real-time condition monitoring. Additionally, retrofitting of plants and peripheral devices has its own obstacles, due to either limited resources, high complexity, or other diverse restrictions. To foster condition monitoring in industrial applications hardware-software combinations are needed which excel in low applications costs and reduced installation efforts. In this paper, an economic solution for condition monitoring is presented based on a central power measurement device, which can be applied with a 100 Hz resolution on a device group such as pumps or the exhaust system. Mainly, this paper deals with the detection of active individual devices in a group by their power signature. A spectral analysis is carried out to obtain the power signature of every device. Finally, the device detection is realised through supervised data mining models, which are trained with the data from a manufacturing execution system and the high-resolution power signal. This approach allows the detection of a specific device between similar ones, as for every device of interest an individual model is developed. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Condition monitoring

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Improvement of Charpy impact toughness by using an AC magnet backing system for laser hybrid welding of thick S690QL steels 12

Improvement of Charpy impact toughness by using an AC magnet...

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12th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, LANE 2022

作者： Üstündag, Ömer Bakir, Nasim Gumenyuk, Andrey Rethmeier, Michael Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany

The study deals with the influence of the heat input and the resulting cooling times on the microstructure and Charpy impact toughness of single-pass laser hybrid welded 20-mm thick high-strength steel S690QL. The main focus is on the change of the mechanical properties over the entire seam thickness. The cooling times were measured in-situ using a pyrometer and an optical fibre in three different depths of the seam where Charpy impact test specimens were also later taken. Thereby, three different heat inputs from 1.3 kJ/mm to 2 kJ/mm were investigated. Despite the observed decreased values of both t8/5-cooling time and the Charpy impact toughness in the root part of the seam, the required impact toughness of 38 J/cm2 could be reached in dependance on applied heat input, especially at the heat input of 1.6 kJ/mm. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： High strength steel

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Automation of Life Data Analysis Processes 13

Automation of Life Data Analysis Processes

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13th International DAAAM Baltic Conference and 29th International Baltic Conference, BALTMATTRIB 2021

作者： Krämer, Jonathan Thiele, Gregor Johanni, Theresa Krüger, Jörg Department for Industrial automation The Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University of Berlin Germany Department for Process automation and Robotics Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany

Life data analysis is an effective statistical process to gain information on the reliability of technical facilities. The Weibull analysis is a widely-used method for modeling the probabilities of different functional failures. For its application in modern manufacturing and maintenance processes, an automation of this analysis is expedient. An exemplary process of data collection and fitting of a parametric model with continuous time scale is analyzed in this article. Its automation with different statistic software tools is described and comparatively evaluated. With the ambition of minimizing manual effort in the process, a highly automated solution was developed in this research. We describe this self-implemented solution in "R" and justify that this procedure automatizes the process more than the examined commercial implementations. The here presented work proves to be a practical real-time assistance, right now applied in aircraft maintenance. © 2021 DAAAM International. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automation

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Assistance Method for the Application-Driven Design of machine Learning Algorithms 13

Assistance Method for the Application-Driven Design of Machi...

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13th International DAAAM Baltic Conference and 29th International Baltic Conference, BALTMATTRIB 2021

作者： Fono, Adalbert Thiele, Gregor Klein, Max Krüger, Jörg Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin10587 Germany Department for Industrial Automation The Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University of Berlin Berlin10587 Germany

machine learning (ML) offers a lot of potential for applications in Industry 4.0. By applying ML many processes can be improved. Possible benefits in production are a higher accuracy, an early detection of failures, a better resource efficiency or improvements in quantity control. The use of ML in industrial production systems is currently not widespread. There are several reasons for this, among others the different expertise of data scientists and automation engineers. There are no specific tools to apply ML to industrial facilities neither guidelines for setting up, tuning and validating ML implementations. In this paper we present a taxonomy structure and according method which assist the design of ML architectures and the tuning of involved parameters. As this is a very huge and complex field, we concentrate on a ML algorithm for time series forecast, as this can be used in many industrial applications. There are multiple possibilities to approach this problem ranging from basic feed-forward neural networks to recurrent networks and (temporal) convolutional networks. These different approaches will be discussed and basic guidelines regarding the model selection will be *** introduced assistance method will be validated on a industrial dataset. © 2021 DAAAM International. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Hybrid approach to evaluate surface integrity based on grinding power and Barkhausen noise

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 108卷 489-494页

作者： Jonas Heinzel Rahel Jedamski Maximilian Rößler Bernhard Karpuschewski Jérémy Epp Martin Dix MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT Badgasteiner Str. 3 Bremen 28359 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

In this paper the potential of a reliable characterization of surface and subsurface properties is presented by measurement of process forces for determining the specific grinding power Pc” and the micromagnetic Barkhausen noise in cylindrical grinding trials. Therefore different dressing conditions by grinding with conventional wheel with varying process parameters are investigated. It is shown that an identified lower thermal limit in a Pc” - ∆t -diagram (contact time ∆t ) to prevent tempering zones in the ground surface and subsurface area of case hardened steel is applicable even if the condition of the grinding wheel is intentionally influenced by dressing. Finally a soft sensor concept for the use of the specific grinding power and in perspective also the use of the Barkhausen noise for process control is derived.

关键词： grinding burn detection surface integrity process control

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Digital innovation hubs for robotics – TRINITY approach for distributing knowledge via modular use case demonstrations

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 97卷 45-50页

作者： Minna Lanz Jan Reimann Aleš Ude Niki Kousi Roel Pieters Morteza Dianatfar Sotiris Makris Tampere University Tampere Finland Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz Germany Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia University of Patras Patras Greece

Robots are no longer stand-alone systems on the factory floor. The demand for industrial robots (market) is anticipated to be growing to 65 billion euros by the year 2023. Within all areas of robotics, the demand for collaborative and more flexible systems is rising as well. The level of desired collaboration and increased flexibility will only be reached if the systems are developed as a whole, e.g. perception, reasoning and physical manipulation. The rising need for collaborative robots in the automation industry is acting as a driver for this market and is expected to serve as a market opportunity for future growth. However, at the same time especially smaller companies have difficulties to formulate a concrete vision and strategies for the uptake of robotics, finding skilled workforce to develop and deploy the robot systems and/or work in the manufacturing industry. A number of Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) have been developed to enhance the knowledge and technology transfer from laboratories to factory floors, mitigating the skills gap and supporting the formulation of innovation ecosystems with the specific focus on small and medium-sized companies around Europe. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the concept and approach taken in H2020 TRINITY-project that aims to develop a Robotics Innovation Hub focused on Agile Production. The paper will introduce the concept and technical approach of the project, and discusses the preliminary results, challenges and opportunities of these kind of DIHs.

关键词： Digital innovation hub Modular Robotics ICT IIoT

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Impact of shape irregularity in medial sphenoid wing meningiomas on postoperative cranial nerve functioning, proliferation, and progression-free survival

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Brain and Spine 2023年 3卷 101857-101857页

作者： Wach, Johannes Block, Greta-Aimée Vychopen, Martin Grunert, Ronny Güresir, Erdem Arlt, Felix University Hospital Leipzig Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Zittau Germany

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